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Neurology, Disorders, Diagnostics, and
Management
Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals? A) Axon B) Dendrites ✔ C) Synapse D) Soma
- What is the primary function of the myelin sheath? A) Generate impulses B) Protect neurons C) Speed up electrical conduction ✔ D) Store neurotransmitters
- Which neurotransmitter is primarily excitatory in the CNS? A) GABA B) Glutamate ✔ C) Dopamine D) Serotonin
- The blood-brain barrier is mainly formed by which cells? A) Neurons B) Astrocytes ✔ C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Microglia
- Which cranial nerve controls lateral eye movement? A) Oculomotor (III) B) Trochlear (IV) C) Abducens (VI) ✔ D) Optic (II)
- Broca’s area is located in which lobe of the brain? A) Temporal B) Parietal C) Frontal ✔ D) Occipital
- Which tract carries voluntary motor signals from the cortex to the spinal cord? A) Spinothalamic tract B) Corticospinal tract ✔ C) Dorsal column D) Rubrospinal tract
- Which condition is characterized by demyelination in the CNS? A) Guillain-Barré syndrome B) Multiple sclerosis ✔ C) Myasthenia gravis D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
A) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) ✔ B) Vitamin B C) Vitamin D D) Vitamin C
- Which imaging technique is best for detecting acute ischemic stroke? A) CT scan without contrast B) MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging ✔ C) X-ray D) PET scan
- The Babinski sign indicates damage to which system? A) Peripheral nervous system B) Upper motor neurons ✔ C) Lower motor neurons D) Cerebellum
- Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Huntington’s disease? A) Dopamine B) GABA ✔ C) Acetylcholine D) Serotonin
- Which disease is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and fasciculations?
A) Multiple sclerosis B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ✔ C) Myasthenia gravis D) Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Which cranial nerve is tested by assessing the gag reflex? A) Vagus (X) and Glossopharyngeal (IX) ✔ B) Facial (VII) C) Trigeminal (V) D) Hypoglossal (XII)
- What is the typical presentation of Guillain-Barré syndrome? A) Ascending paralysis ✔ B) Descending paralysis C) Sensory loss only D) Cognitive decline
- Which spinal tract carries fine touch and proprioception? A) Spinothalamic tract B) Dorsal columns ✔ C) Corticospinal tract D) Vestibulospinal tract
- Which of the following is a common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults?
A) Optic (II) B) Olfactory (I) ✔ C) Trigeminal (V) D) Facial (VII)
- Which symptom is typical of Wernicke’s encephalopathy? A) Ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, confusion ✔ B) Memory loss only C) Resting tremor D) Muscle weakness
- Which condition is characterized by “cape-like” loss of pain and temperature sensation? A) Syringomyelia ✔ B) Multiple sclerosis C) Stroke D) Peripheral neuropathy
- Which neurotransmitter is increased in schizophrenia? A) Dopamine ✔ B) Serotonin C) GABA D) Acetylcholine
- Which test is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis? A) Edrophonium (Tensilon) test ✔
B) MRI
C) EEG
D) Nerve conduction velocity
- Which disorder is characterized by demyelination in the peripheral nervous system? A) Multiple sclerosis B) Guillain-Barré syndrome ✔ C) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D) Myasthenia gravis
- Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for sensory perception? A) Frontal B) Parietal ✔ C) Temporal D) Occipital
- Which artery is most commonly involved in ischemic stroke? A) Posterior cerebral artery B) Middle cerebral artery ✔ C) Anterior cerebral artery D) Basilar artery
- Which cranial nerve controls tongue movements? A) Hypoglossal (XII) ✔
B) Hypothalamus ✔ C) Thalamus D) Basal ganglia
- Which condition presents with sudden, brief, shock-like facial pain? A) Bell’s palsy B) Trigeminal neuralgia ✔ C) Cluster headache D) Migraine
- Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the CNS? A) Glutamate B) Dopamine C) GABA ✔ D) Acetylcholine
- Which test measures electrical activity of the brain? A) MRI B) EEG ✔ C) CT scan D) EMG
- Which condition is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss? A) Parkinson’s disease
B) Alzheimer’s disease ✔ C) Multiple sclerosis D) Huntington’s disease
- Which nerve root is most commonly affected in sciatica? A) L B) L C) L5 ✔ D) S
- Which brain structure is primarily responsible for memory formation? A) Amygdala B) Hippocampus ✔ C) Thalamus D) Cerebellum
- Which condition is characterized by sudden loss of consciousness and muscle tone? A) Absence seizure B) Tonic-clonic seizure C) Cataplexy ✔ D) Myoclonic seizure
- Which part of the brainstem controls vital functions such as respiration and heart rate? A) Midbrain
B) Multiple sclerosis C) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D) Huntington’s disease
- Which diagnostic test is used to detect neuromuscular junction disorders? A) Nerve conduction study B) Electromyography (EMG) ✔ C) MRI D) EEG
- Which symptom is characteristic of an upper motor neuron lesion? A) Muscle atrophy B) Hyperreflexia ✔ C) Fasciculations D) Hyporeflexia
- Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue? A) Facial nerve (VII) ✔ B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) C) Vagus nerve (X) D) Trigeminal nerve (V)
- Which condition is characterized by involuntary, rapid, jerky movements?
A) Parkinson’s disease B) Huntington’s disease ✔ C) Multiple sclerosis D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Which brain structure acts as a relay station for sensory information? A) Hypothalamus B) Thalamus ✔ C) Cerebellum D) Basal ganglia
- Which of the following is a common cause of peripheral neuropathy? A) Diabetes mellitus ✔ B) Stroke C) Multiple sclerosis D) Alzheimer’s disease
- Which condition presents with sudden, severe headache described as “thunderclap”? A) Migraine B) Subarachnoid hemorrhage ✔ C) Tension headache D) Cluster headache
- Which neurological disorder presents with “mask-like” facies and shuffling gait? A) Huntington’s disease B) Parkinson’s disease ✔ C) Multiple sclerosis D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with seizures? A) Hypercalcemia B) Hyponatremia ✔ C) Hyperkalemia D) Hypomagnesemia
- Which nerve is commonly injured in wrist drop? A) Median nerve B) Radial nerve ✔ C) Ulnar nerve D) Sciatic nerve
- Which condition is characterized by demyelination of the central pontine region? A) Multiple sclerosis B) Central pontine myelinolysis ✔ C) Guillain-Barré syndrome D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Which type of headache is characterized by unilateral, severe periorbital pain with autonomic symptoms? A) Migraine B) Tension headache C) Cluster headache ✔ D) Sinus headache
- Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in sleep regulation? A) Dopamine B) Serotonin ✔ C) Acetylcholine D) GABA
- Which condition is characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions? A) Epilepsy B) Cataplexy ✔ C) Parkinson’s disease D) Stroke
- Which nerve is tested by the corneal reflex? A) Optic nerve B) Trigeminal (V) and Facial (VII) ✔ C) Glossopharyngeal D) Vagus
- Which artery supplies the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere? A) Anterior cerebral artery B) Middle cerebral artery ✔ C) Posterior cerebral artery D) Basilar artery
- Which of the following is a common side effect of phenytoin? A) Gingival hyperplasia ✔ B) Weight gain C) Sedation D) Hypotension
- Which disorder is characterized by autoimmune destruction of acetylcholine receptors? A) Guillain-Barré syndrome B) Myasthenia gravis ✔ C) Multiple sclerosis D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Which cranial nerve is responsible for the parasympathetic control of the heart? A) Glossopharyngeal (IX) B) Vagus (X) ✔ C) Accessory (XI)
D) Hypoglossal (XII)
- Which condition presents with sudden, brief episodes of muscle weakness triggered by voluntary movement? A) Myasthenia gravis B) Lambert-Eaton syndrome C) Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia ✔ D) Multiple sclerosis
- Which brain tumor is most common in children? A) Glioblastoma B) Medulloblastoma ✔ C) Meningioma D) Schwannoma
- Which nerve is affected in Bell’s palsy? A) Trigeminal nerve B) Facial nerve ✔ C) Glossopharyngeal nerve D) Accessory nerve
- Which neurological disorder is characterized by demyelination of peripheral nerves with ascending paralysis? A) Multiple sclerosis B) Guillain-Barré syndrome ✔ C) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
