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A series of multiple-choice questions and answers related to neurological conditions, covering topics such as cranial nerves, increased intracranial pressure (icp), glasgow coma scale, neurological assessments, cerebrospinal fluid (csf), stroke prevention, diabetes insipidus, spinal cord injuries, head injuries, and trigeminal neuralgia. It provides a valuable resource for students preparing for the nclex exam, offering insights into common neurological conditions and their management.
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B. CN II and CN III ✔✔The nurse is caring for a patient who suffered massive head trauma, and suspected increased intracranial pressure (ICP) from an automobile accident. Which cranial nerves are most appropriate to check at this time? A. CN I and CN II B. CN II and CN III C. CN III and CN IV D .CN IV and CN V D. Pupil changes can be caused by pressure on the ocular nerve. ✔✔When increased ICP is suspected, the nurse performs a complete neurologic assessment. What does the pupillary response indicate? A. High pressure can cause blurred vision. B. Hemorrhage can cause visual impairment. C. Pupil dilation is the first sign of increased ICP. D. Pupil changes can be caused by pressure on the ocular nerve. D. Touch his nose with his left index finger. ✔✔When rating a patient using the Glasgow Coma Scale, what would be appropriate for the LPN/LVN to ask the patient to do in order to test the patient's motor response? A. Roll his eyes in a circle. B. Take a deep breath and exhale. C. Describe the view from his window. D. Touch his nose with his left index finger. A. Decreasing level of consciousness (LOC) ✔✔The nurse is assessing a patient who has a brain tumor. What assessment finding is most indicative of increased ICP in this patient? A. Decreasing level of consciousness (LOC) B. Elevated temperature C. Agitation and hostility D. Increasing blood pressure (BP) C. "Checking this reflex assesses involuntary muscular contractions." ✔✔The nurse is assessing the patient's patellar reflex. The patient asks what the purpose of this exam is. Which response by the nurse is correct? A. "I am checking the conscious nerve response in your leg." B. "This assessment determines your hand-eye coordination." C. "Checking this reflex assesses involuntary muscular contractions." D. "The patellar reflex demonstrates large voluntary muscle coordination." D. Determine whether the patient is able to move his legs and arms ✔✔The nurse is performing a "neuro check" on a patient who has demonstrated a decreased LOC. What is the best way to assess the patient's neuromuscular status? A. Measure the patient's vital signs. B. Test the reaction of the patient's pupils to light. C. Check the patient's response to the stimulus of pinching.
D. Determine whether the patient is able to move his legs and arms B. "The procedure is safe and painless; you will hear a clicking noise as the CT machine rotates." ✔✔A patient who is to have computed tomography (CT scan) of the brain voices concern about the procedure. The LPN/LVN can best allay the patient's fears by making which statement? A. "CT scans use only a small amount of radioactive material injected into your brain." B. "The procedure is safe and painless; you will hear a clicking noise as the CT machine rotates." C. "You will probably be given something to make you drowsy and deaden the pain during the CT scan." C. "CT scanning is a new procedure, and since it involves the brain, I think the doctor can answer your questions better than I can." C. White blood cells (WBCs) 100/mm3 ✔✔The nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone a lumbar puncture in order to run tests on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The nurse knows which laboratory value is abnormal. A. Glucose 60 mg/100 mL B. Clear, colorless appearance C. White blood cells (WBCs) 100/mm D. Total protein 40 mg/100 mL A. CSF circulates within the subarachnoid space. B. CSF cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord. D. CSF is reabsorbed by the arachnoid villi at the same rate at which it is formed. E. CSF is formed continuously within the ventricles of the brain as a filtrate from the blood. ✔✔The nurse is measuring the pressure of the CSF. Which statement accurately describes CSF? (Select all that apply.) A. CSF circulates within the subarachnoid space. B. CSF cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord. C. CSF normal pressure is 90 to 150 cm water pressure (cm H2O). D. CSF is reabsorbed by the arachnoid villi at the same rate at which it is formed. E. CSF is formed continuously within the ventricles of the brain as a filtrate from the blood. A. Proper treatment for hypertension B. Adequate treatment of atherosclerosis C. Avoiding the use of recreational drugs E. Keeping serum cholesterol levels under control ✔✔The LPN/LVN discusses ways to prevent a stroke with a patient. Which measures should the nurse include in her teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Proper treatment for hypertension B. Adequate treatment of atherosclerosis C. Avoiding the use of recreational drugs D. Encouraging the use of seat belts in vehicles E. Keeping serum cholesterol levels under control
A. Halo Test ✔✔After a head injury, the patient begins to have drainage from the nose. The nurse assesses the drainage by which method? A. Halo test B. Tinel sign C. Battle sign D. Babinski sign D. Quadriplegia ✔✔A patient experienced injury to the spinal cord in the cervical region, with paralysis and loss of sensory perception in both legs and both arms. What term is used to describe this condition? A. Paraplegia B. Hemiplegia C. Homoplegia D. Quadriplegia A. Tinnitus C. Ottorhea D. Battle sign ✔✔A patient is bought in by ambulance with a suspected brain injury. What are the outward symptoms of head injury? (Select all that apply.) A. Tinnitus B. Diarrhea C. Ottorhea D. Battle sign E. Chvostek sign Alert Confused Lethargy Obtunded Stuporous Comatose ✔✔All the following are LOCs. Starting with the optimal LOC, place these in order of a decreasing LOC. Alert Lethargic Confused Obtunded Comatose Stuporous C. "Drinking very cold or hot liquids is frequently a trigger, so you should avoid both." ✔✔The patient with trigeminal neuralgia asks the nurse if there is anything she can do to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Which response by the nurse is correct? A. "It is best if you speak with your physician about this condition." B. "Unfortunately, there is little you can do to prevent future episodes of pain." C. "Drinking very cold or hot liquids is frequently a trigger, so you should avoid both."
D. "Surgery is the only form of treatment that will prevent this condition from recurring." C. The patient tilts his head back when trying to swallow solid foods. ✔✔A patient is admitted to a rehabilitation facility following a brain injury that has resulted in dysphagia. While observing the patient and his wife, the nurse determines further instruction is necessary if which activity is performed? A. The patient sips from a cup rather than using a straw. B. The patient sits in his chair for 45 minutes after each meal. C. The patient tilts his head back when trying to swallow solid foods. D. The patient's wife places a teaspoon of food in the patient's mouth at a time. D. "This helps to strengthen and retrain muscles " ✔✔The nurse who is caring for a patient following a stroke performs passive range-of-motion exercises on the patient. The patient asks why these exercises are so important. Which response by the nurse is accurate? A. "This helps the patient believe she is making some progress." B. "This helps overcome mood swings and crying spells." C. "This helps prevent fatigue from worsening." D. "This helps to strengthen and retrain muscles." C. At the time of menstruation ✔✔The nurse is providing patient teaching to a 23-year-old female who has recently been diagnosed with epilepsy. The nurse should educate the patient that seizures are most likely to occur at which time in the patient's menstrual cycle? A. At the time of ovulation B. 1 week after menstruation C. At the time of menstruation D. 1 week before menstruation A. The patient should have periodic drug levels drawn. ✔✔A patient who has epilepsy is to take phenytoin (Dilantin). What is an important teaching point that the LPN/LVN should include regarding this medication? A. The patient should have periodic drug levels drawn. B. The patient should regulate the dosage according to need. C. The patient should take the medication with juice containing vitamin C. D. The patient should take an extra dose of the medication before exercising. B. Aphasia ✔✔A patient has had a left-sided cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Which condition does the nurse expect the patient to have as a result of the CVA? A. Ataxia B. Aphasia C. Dyslexia D. Quadriplegia D. Severe headache that wakes patient and visual problems ✔✔A patient has been diagnosed with a cerebral neoplasm. What are the symptoms of a cerebral neoplasm? A. Long-term memory loss and paralysis B. Loss of muscle strength and paresthesia
B. "I should eat adequate fiber to prevent constipation." C. "It is a good idea for me to take a hot shower in the morning to relax my muscles." D. "The injections of interferon beta-1b (Betaseron) will help manage my symptoms." B. Weakness of the limbs ✔✔A patient has recently been diagnosed with MS. The family asks the nurse about the common manifestations of the disease. The nurse is correct by identifying which as the most common clinical manifestation of the disease? A. Urinary incontinence B. Weakness of the limbs C. A loss of the sense of smell D. Decreased intellectual function D. Paresthesia and weakness of the lower extremities ✔✔Following a viral respiratory infection, a patient develops symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome. What is most closely associated with this disorder? A. Emotional lability B. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes C. Flapping tremors of the hands and feet D. Paresthesia and weakness of the lower extremities C. Inability to maintain own airway ✔✔Interventions to prevent which problem are the priority for a patient with myasthenia gravis (MG)? A. Accidental injury B. Uncontrolled pain C. Inability to maintain own airway D. Decreased functional ability and mobility C. Because the myasthenic patient can suffer from exaggerated and bizarre effects from a variety of drugs. ✔✔Why should the nurse check with the physician to be sure that she knows a patient has MG when prescribing medications? A. Because the patient needs sublingual medications due to excessive salivation. B. Because when the patient is in remission, certain drugs should not be prescribed. C. Because the myasthenic patient can suffer from exaggerated and bizarre effects from a variety of drugs. D. Because the patient's MG medication, selegiline (Eldepryl), needs to be carefully monitored for patient reactions. C. MG ✔✔For which condition would a patient most need to have medical alert identification? A. Poliomyelitis B. MS C. MG D. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) A. Sustenance of life ✔✔During the acute stage of Guillain-Barré syndrome, what is the priority goal of nursing and medical treatment?
A. Sustenance of life B. Promotion of rest C. Reduction of fever D. Prevention complications A. Muscle pain B. Slurred speech C. Muscle spasticity E. Difficulty swallowing ✔✔The nurse is assessing a patient admitted for a work-up to rule out ALS. Which symptoms are typically exhibited in a patient with ALS? (Select all that apply.) A. Muscle pain B. Slurred speech C. Muscle spasticity D. Decreased sensation E. Difficulty swallowing B. The cranial nerves are involved in the disease process. C. Muscle weakness is the major characteristic of the disorder. E.Progressive degeneration of the spinal cord occurs as the disease advances. ✔✔The student nurse is caring for a patient with MG. The student demonstrates adequate learning when identifying which pathophysiologic factors regarding the disease? (Select all that apply.) A. The disease is an acute disorder. B. The cranial nerves are involved in the disease process. C. Muscle weakness is the major characteristic of the disorder. D. The etiology of the majority of cases of the disease is autoimmune. E.Progressive degeneration of the spinal cord occurs as the disease advances. A. Pad the bed's side rails B. place an airway by the bedside C. Place oxygen equipment at the bedside D. place suction equipment at the bedside ✔✔A client with a seizure disorder is being admitted to the hospital. Which should the nurse plan to implement for this client? Select all that apply A. Pad the bed's side rails B. place an airway by the bedside C. Place oxygen equipment at the bedside D. place suction equipment at the bedside E. Take a padded tongue blade to the wall at the head of the bed A. " I should drink extra fluids for the remainder of the day." ✔✔The client has just undergone computed tomography ( CT) scanning with a contrast medium. Which statement by the client demonstrates an understanding of the post procedure care? A. " I should drink extra fluids for the remainder of the day." B. " I should not take any medications for atleast 4 hours." C. "I should eat lightly for the remainder of the day." D. " I should rest quietly for the remainder of the day."
B. Minor headache C. Difficulty speaking D. Difficulty awakening C. Head of bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees head and neck midline ✔✔The nurse is caring for a client who has undergone craniotomy with a supratentoral incision. The nurse should plan to place the client in which position post-op? A. Head of bed flat, head and neck midline B. Head of bed flat, head turned to the nonoperative side C. Head of bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees head and neck midline D. Head of bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees, head turned to the operative side D. Comparing the amount of prescribed weights with the amount in use ✔✔The client with a cervical spine injury has Crutchfield tongs applied in the ER. The nurse should preform which essential action when caring for this client? A. Providing a standard bed frame B. Removing a standard bed frame C. Removing the weights if the client is uncomfortable D. Comparing the amount of prescribed weights with the amount in use B. " I will drive only during the daytime" ✔✔The nurse has provided discharge instructions to a client with an application of a halo device. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching if which statement is made? A. " I will use a straw for drinking" B. " I will drive only during the daytime" C. " I will use caution because the device alters balance" D. " I will wash the skin daily under the lambs wool liner of the vest" C. Severe, throbbing headache ✔✔The nurse is caring for the client who has suffered a spinal cord injury. The nurse further monitors the client for signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia and suspects this complication if which sign and symptoms is noted? A. sudden tachycardia B. Pallor of face and neck C. Severe, throbbing headache D. Severe and sudden hypotension D. Limiting bladder catherization to once every 12 hours ✔✔The client with a spinal cord injury is prone to experiencing autonomic dysreflexia. The least appropriate measure to minimize the risk of autonomic dysreflexia is which action? A. Strictly adhering to a bowel retraining program B. Keeping the linen wrinkle-free under the client C. Avoiding unnecessary pressure on the lower limbs D. Limiting bladder catherization to once every 12 hours
A. raise the head of bed and removed the noxious stimulus ✔✔The client with spinal cord injury suddenly experiences an episode of autonomic dysreflexia. After checking the vital signs, which immediate action should the nurse take? A. raise the head of bed and removed the noxious stimulus B. lower the head of bed and remove the noxious stimulus C. lower the head of bed and administer an antihypertensive agent D. remove the noxious stimulus and administer an antihypertensive agent D. Side- laying with legs pulled up and chin to the chest ✔✔The client is having a lumbar puncture preformed. The nurse should place the client in which position for the procedure? A. Supine, in semi-fowlers B. Prone, in slight Trendelenburg C. Prone, with a pillow under the abdomen D. Side- laying with legs pulled up and chin to the chest