Neurodevelopmental disorders Key points | Study notes Abnormal Psychology

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

Main feature:

Problems in neurological development, thus it interferes with normal neurological function (ex.

Memory, learning, language, motor function, speech, etc)

**Developmentally inappropriate

**Aren’t able to develop normally as expected of their age; didn’t fully developed necessary

milestones

ADHD

Presence of either/both symptoms of INATTENTION or/and

HYPERACTIVITY/IMPULSIVITY

6 or more of the symptoms are present (crit A)

Rule out: medications; other mental disorder ; adhd symptoms must not be explained by

any psychotic disorders or schizophrenia

Duration: 6 months

Symptoms must be present before the age of 12

Cause: highly genetic; dopamine (has a role in attention) activity is linked ; Maternal

factors affecting the baby during prenatal dev increases risk of child dev ADHD

Treatment: medications ; methylphenidate (ritalin and adderal)-stimulants=inhibits DAT1

gene and D5 (both receptor gene); atomoxetine and guanfacine- non stimulants

Treatment: psychotherapy; CBT

SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDER

Deficit in learning basic academic skills such as reading, writing, mathematics.



INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT DISORDER)

Deficits in adaptive functioning and in global mental abilities

Deficits in AF must be due to intellectual deficiencies

IQ will only serve as confirmation of the illness (2SD below the mean or further below);

IQ is not a main basis for diagnosis (there are many reasons for scoring low in IQ test)

(*can some with ID have high IQ score?);

*adaptive behavior- collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that all people

learn in order to function in their daily lives

*There are several factors may influence A.F. such as motivation, personality, culture,

education, specific medical conditions, or other psych dis. (must be ruled out?)

**indiv. With ID as they age has difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; ex. Children must

learn to dress and feed themselves on their own without much support, however children with

ID will have great difficulty doing this (they need support or constant assistance)

Severity of the illness depends on the level of adaptive functioning:

-Mild- can be independent with minor support

-Moderate-can be independent with great support

-Severe-Can do things but only with constant supervision

-Profound-Dependent on others; largely non verbal

Onset: childhood or adolescence

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NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

Main feature: Problems in neurological development, thus it interferes with normal neurological function (ex. Memory, learning, language, motor function, speech, etc) **Developmentally inappropriate **Aren’t able to develop normally as expected of their age; didn’t fully developed necessary milestones

ADHD

 Presence of either/both symptoms of INATTENTION or/and HYPERACTIVITY/IMPULSIVITY  6 or more of the symptoms are present (crit A)  Rule out: medications; other mental disorder ; adhd symptoms must not be explained by any psychotic disorders or schizophrenia  Duration: 6 months  Symptoms must be present before the age of 12  Cause: highly genetic; dopamine (has a role in attention) activity is linked ; Maternal factors affecting the baby during prenatal dev increases risk of child dev ADHD  Treatment: medications ; methylphenidate (ritalin and adderal)-stimulants=inhibits DAT gene and D 5 (both receptor gene); atomoxetine and guanfacine- non stimulants  Treatment: psychotherapy; CBT

SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDER

 Deficit in learning basic academic skills such as reading, writing, mathematics.

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT DISORDER)

 Deficits in adaptive functioning and in global mental abilities  Deficits in AF must be due to intellectual deficiencies  IQ will only serve as confirmation of the illness (2SD below the mean or further below); IQ is not a main basis for diagnosis (there are many reasons for scoring low in IQ test) (*can some with ID have high IQ score?); *adaptive behavior- collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that all people learn in order to function in their daily lives *There are several factors may influence A.F. such as motivation, personality, culture, education, specific medical conditions, or other psych dis. (must be ruled out?) **indiv. With ID as they age has difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; ex. Children must learn to dress and feed themselves on their own without much support, however children with ID will have great difficulty doing this (they need support or constant assistance)  Severity of the illness depends on the level of adaptive functioning: -Mild- can be independent with minor support -Moderate-can be independent with great support -Severe-Can do things but only with constant supervision -Profound-Dependent on others; largely non verbal  Onset: childhood or adolescence

 Factors that contribute:genetic defects; environmental infl. During prenatal dev (exposure to teratogens); TBI; exposure to harmful chemicals  Neurodevelopmental disorders VS neurocognitive disorders: ID is a neurodevelopmental disorder which means the person was not able to develop normally as they should be as they age (in terms of neurological function) thus it results into several problems in areas such as communication, use of language, reasoning,learning, language, etc (They weren’t able to develop abilities expected of their age)

Neurodevelopmental disorders Key points, Study notes of Abnormal Psychology

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NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

ADHD

SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDER

 Deficit in learning basic academic skills such as reading, writing, mathematics.

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT DISORDER)

AUSTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

 Distinctive feature:

-Deficits in social communication and interaction (Initiating&response)

-presence of RRPB (RESTRICTIVE (NARROWED); REPETITIVE; PATTERNS OF

BEHAVIOR, INTEREST, ACTIVITIES)

 They strongly dislike change

 Onset: Early childhood;

COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

-LANGUAGE DISORDER

-SPEECH SOUND DISORDER

-CHILDHOOD-ONSET FLUENCY DISORDER (STUTTERING)

MOTOR DISORDERS

-DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION DISORDER-very clumsy

-STREOTYPIC MOVEMENT DISORDER-

-TIC DISORDERS

*Tourette’s -Presence of both motor and vocal tics >1yr

*Persistent motor or vocal tics- presence of only motor or vocal tics >1yr

*Provisional tic disorder-presence of motor or/and vocal tics <1yr