GENETIC MATERIALS &
CENTRAL DOGMA OF
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Erma Musbita Tyastuti
BioEdu UMS
2021
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Molecular Biology and Central Dogma, Slides of Molecular biology
This document will give you a brief introduction on molecular biology, specially on how protein is being synthesized, what materials are needed, the steps to be undergone and how the process is different between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
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2020/2021
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GENETIC MATERIALS &
CENTRAL DOGMA OF
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Erma Musbita Tyastuti
BioEdu UMS
Chromosome
s
A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells
Nucleic Acids
Polimers of nucleotides
Types : DNA & RNA
Function : preserve and deliver inherit
information of organisms
Structure of a single nucleotide :
Sugar (pentose)
Nitrogen bases
Phosphate
Double Helix
RNA
Zoppi, Lois. 2021. What is Nucleic Acid?. www.news-medical.net
Crick, Francis. 1970. Central Dogma of Moleculer Biology. https://www. nature.com/articles/227561a www.yourgenome.org
The Gene
Genom total genes in a haploid cell Genes : A unit of inheritance that passed from parents to offspring and contain the information needed to specify trait Some genes act as intructions to make proteins. However many genes don’t. The basic physical and functional unit of heredity Made up of DNA In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundreds DNA bases to more than 2 million bases HGP (Human Genome Projects) has estimated taht humans have between 20.000 and 25. genes https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Gene https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basic/ gene
Prokaryots vs Eukaryots
No introns
Polycystronic : 1 mRNA codes more than 1 polipeptides
Clustered
Unprocessed protein- coding mRNA
Recent discoveries : CRISPR, a spacer in prokaryots gene
Non-coding introns Monocystronic : single copy 1 mRNA codes 1 polipeptides 3 classes of genes : Class 1 : code 18s & 28s RNA Class 2 : code protein- coding mRNA Class 3 : code 5s RNA & tRNA Processed protein- coding mRNA DNA spacer between genes
Prokaryots structural genes
a (^) c (^) b
ATGCAATCGTACCAG
mRNA
Polipeptide
Transcription
Translation
ATGCAATCGTACCAG
mRNA
Polipeptide
Transcripti on
Translatio n
: Intron
: Exon
Eukaryots structural genes
Genetics codes