Download Module 3 Advanced Health Assessment Questions with complete solution 2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Module 3 Advanced Health Assessment
What is the major function of the skin in the body - correct answer To provide homeostasis What are four specific functions that are performed by the skin - correct answer keeps in fluids modulates body temp synthesizes vitamin D protects internal organs / tissues from micro-organisms, radiation, and harmful substances What is the heaviest organ in the body - correct answer the skin - 16% of total body weight What are the three layers of the skin - correct answer epidermis dermis subcutaneous tissue What are the appendages of the skin - correct answer hair, nails, sebaceous and sweat glands What are the two different types of hair - correct answer Vellous terminal What is the definition of vellous hair - correct answer It is short, fine hair with less pigmentation What is terminal hair - correct answer courser and pigmented like scalp and eyebrows What is the function of nails - correct answer to protect distal fingers and toes what parts of the body do not contain sebaceous glands - correct answer palms and soles of the feet
What do the sebaceous glands do - correct answer Secrete a fatty substance onto the skin through the hair follicle What are the two different types of sweat glands - correct answer Eccrine glands Apocrine glands What are Eccrine glands - correct answer glands that open directly onto the skins surface and help control body temperature What are apocrine glands - correct answer they are found in the axilla and groin and are stimulated by emotional stress When performing a health history what are some common concerns of the skin - correct answer hair loss rashes moles What are some ways that you can ask the patient about these potential problems - correct answer Have you noticed any new moles or changes with existing moles Have you noticed any changes in your skin or hair What are some things that a patient can be educated on regarding the skin - correct answer sun exposure early detection of suspicious moles protective measures for skin care What is the most common cancer in the US - correct answer skin cancer Where are skin cancers most often located - correct answer hands, neck and head
greater than 1-4 atypical moles red or light hair heavy sun exposure (especially in childhood) light eye or skin color (freckles or burns easily) actinic lentigines, macular spots or tan spots family history of melanoma What are the ABCDEs for screening for possible melanoma - correct answer Asymmetry Border (irregular, ragged, notched or blurred) Color variation (especially blue or black) Diameter greater or = 6mm with itching, bleeding, different from other moles Elevation or enlargement how does inspection of hair, skin and nails begin - correct answer with a general survey of the patient What should the patient wear for the hair, skin and nails examination - correct answer a gown what kind of light should the surface of the skin be inspected in - correct answer good lighting natural light or artificial light that resembles natural light What is artificial light not good for skin inspection - correct answer It distorts colors what characteristics of the skin should be noted during an examination - correct answer color temperature texture mobility and turgor moisture lesions
when assessing color what should you be looking for - correct answer increased pigmentation loss of pigmentation redness pallor cyanosis yellowing Where is oxyhemaglobin best assessed - correct answer fingertips lips mucous membranes where do you assess for oxyhemaglobin in dark skin individuals (pallor) - correct answer palms and soles of feet how do you assess for central cyanosis - correct answer lips oral mucosa tongue where would you assess for jaundice - correct answer the sclera of the eyes When examining a lesion what should be noted - correct answer anatomic location and distribution patterns and shapes type of lesion (macules, papules, nevi, vesicles) color to arrive at a dermatologic diagnosis what should be evaluated - correct answer the type of lesion location distribution patients history and physical
What are the different types of headaches - correct answer tension cluster migraine what are the characteristics of a migraine - correct answer Photophobia Throbbing, worse behind eye Nausea and/or vomiting Familial Decreases with increased age Often begin during pregnancy If classic will have an aura (common does not) what are the characteristics of a cluster headache - correct answer Wake up at night with headache Lasts 15-180 minutes Not aggravated by exertion Usually occurs in clusters Seasonal What other areas can be used to assess for pallor in dark skin individuals - correct answer what lab test can be used to assess for strep throat - correct answer Rapid antigen detection for strep or throat culture How do you differentiate between dizziness and vertigo - correct answer dizziness is a general term used by patients; vertigo is an actual diagnosis that causes dizziness Describe a stage 1 skin ulcer - correct answer presence of reddened area that fails to blanch with pressure and change in temperature may be red, blue or purple on darker skin, will appear red on lighter skin skin is intact
Describe a stage 2 skin ulcer - correct answer The skin forms a blister or sore. Partial thickness skin loss or ulceration involving the epidermis, dermis or both Describe a stage 3 skin ulcer - correct answer a crater appears in the skin, with full thickness skin loss and damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend to but not through underlying muscle Describe a stage 4 skin ulcer - correct answer pressure ulcer deepens. There is full thickness skin loss, with destruction, tissue necrosis or damage to underlying muscle, bone and sometimes tendons and joints What is a serous effusion - correct answer a problem with the ear that is typically caused by an upper respiratory infection or change in pressure (driving or flying). The Eustachian tube cannot equalize the air pressure in the middle ear. Amber fluid behind the ear drum is characteristic What are s/s of acute otitis media - correct answer earache, fever and hearing loss What does the eardrum look like in acute otitis media - correct answer bulging with most of the landmarks obscured; diffuse redness of the entire drum. Spontaneous rupture may occur with discharge of purulent material into the ear canal What is bullous myringitis - correct answer painful hemorrhagic vesicles which appear on the tympanic membrane, the ear canal or both What are s/s of bullous myringitis - correct answer earache, blood tinged discharge from the ear and conductive hearing loss What type of hearing loss usually happens in childhood and young adulthood up to age 40 - correct answer conductive loss How do you test for conductive hearing loss - correct answer tuning fork at vertex
vasovagal attacks What are some causes of disequalibrium - correct answer loss of vision fear of walking peripheral neuropathy musculoskeletal weakness What are some psychiatric causes of dizziness / vertigo - correct answer panic attacks anxiety hyperventilation depression alcohol and substance abuse somatization disorder Approximately what % of dizziness has no determined cause - correct answer 20% What is the most common type of headache - correct answer tension What is habit tic deformity - correct answer a nail disorder that is causes small horizontal depressions in the nail as a result of repetitive rubbing of the nail with the index finger What is another name for habit tic deformity - correct answer "Christmas tree appearance" What is clubbing of the nails? - correct answer a bulbous swelling of the soft tissue at the nail base that causes loss of normal angle; angle increases to 180 or more. What disease processes can cause clubbing of nails - correct answer congenital heart disease lung disease lung cancer
Inflammatory bowel diseases malignancies What is paronchyia - correct answer A superficial infection of the proximal and lateral nail folds adjacent to the nail plate. The nail folds are usually red, swollen and tender. Most common infection of the hand. What is melanychia - correct answer Caused by increased pigmentation in the nail matrix leading to a streak as the nail grows out What are some causes of melanychia - correct answer can be normal due to ethnic variation can be caused by a nevus a wide streak may indicate subungual melanoma What is oncholysis? - correct answer Separation of distal nail What are some causes of oncholysis - correct answer trauma excess manicuring psoriasis fungal infection diabetes anemia drug reaction hyperthyroidism peripheral ischemia What is pitting - correct answer depressions of the nail plate caused by defective layering of the superficial nail plate by the proximal nail matrix. What conditions can cause pitting of the nails - correct answer psoriasis (most common) reiter syndrome
