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Physical and Developmental Characteristics of Preschoolers, Schemes and Mind Maps of Nursing

Information on the physical and developmental characteristics of preschoolers. It covers topics such as height, weight, sleep, dental care, vital signs, nutrition, skills, bladder control, play, and safety. The document also includes information on the vocabulary and language development of preschoolers.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2022/2023

Available from 01/30/2024

hannah-adan
hannah-adan 🇵🇭

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NCM 107 CARE OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENTS (LECTURE)
PREFINALS PRESCHOOLER
Hannah Adan 1
PRESCHOOLER 3-5 YRS OLD
Physical
Height
o Grows 2½ to 3 inches (6.5 to 7.5 cm) per year
o Average height is 37 inches (94 cm) at age 3,
40½ inches (103 cm) at age 4, and 43 inches
(110 cm) at age 5
Weight
o Gains approximately 5 pounds (2.25 kg) per
year; average weight is 40 pounds (18 kg) at
age 5
Sleep
o Requires about 12 hours of sleep each day A
security object and a nightlight help with
sleeping
Dental care
- At the beginning of the preschool period, the
eruption of the deciduous (primary) teeth is
complete
- Regular dental care is essential, and the preschooler
O may require assistance with brushing and flossing
of teeth; fluoride supplements may be necessary if
the water is not fluoridated
Vital Signs
Temperature: Axillary, 97.5°F to 98.6°F (36.4°C to
37°C)
Apical Heart Rate: 70 to 110 beats/minute
Respirations: 16 to 22 breaths/minute
Blood Pressure: Average, 95/57 mm Hg
Nutrition
- Nutritional needs are similar to those required for the
toddler although the daily amounts of minerals,
vitamins, and protein may increase with age
- The MyPlate food guide is appropriate for
preschoolers
Skills
> The preschooler has good posture
> Develops fine motor coordination
> Can hop, skip, and run more smoothly
> Athletic abilities begin to develop
> Demonstrates increased skills in balancing
> Alternates feet when climbing stairs
> Can tie shoelaces by age 6
> May talk continuously and ask many "why" questions
> The child can be understood readily by others and
can understand clearly what others are saying
> Vocabulary increases to about 900 words by age 3
and to 2100 words by age 5
> By age 3, the preschooler usually talks in 3- or 4-word
sentences and speaks in short phrases
> By age 4, the preschooler speaks 5 or 6 -word
sentences, and by age 5, speaks in longer sentences
that contain all parts of speech
Bladder
> By age 4, the preschooler has daytime control of
bowel and bladder but may experience bed-
wetting accidents at night
> By age 5, the preschooler achieves bowel and
bladder control, although accidents may occur in
stressful situations
Play
The preschooler is cooperative
The preschooler has imaginary playmates
The child likes to build and create things, and play is
simple and imaginative
The child understands sharing and is able to interact
with peers
The child requires regular socialization with mates of
similar age
Play activities include a large space for running and
jumping
The preschooler likes dress-up clothes, paints, paper,
and crayons for creative expression
The child likes to build and create things, and play is
simple and imaginative
Swimming and sports aid in growth development
Puzzles and toys aid with fine motor development
Safety
> Preschoolers are active and inquisitive
> Because of their magical thinking, they may believe
that daring feats seen in cartoons are possible and
may attempt them
> The preschooler can learn simple safety practices
because they can follow simple verbal directions
and their attention span is longer
> Teach the preschooler basic safety rules to ensure
safety when playing in a playground such as near
swings and ladders
> Guns should be stored unloaded and secured under
lock and key (ammunition should be locked in a
separate place)
> The preschooler should be taught what to do in the
event of a fire or if clothes catch fire; fire drills should
be practiced with the preschooler
> Teach the preschooler never to play with matches
or lighters
> Teach the preschooler his or her full name, address,
parents' names, and telephone number
> Teach the preschooler how to dial 911 in an
emergency situation
> Keep the Poison Control Center number available
> Teach a preschooler and school-age child to leave
an area immediately if a gun is visible and to tell an
adult. The preschooler should also be taught never
to point a toy gun at another person

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NCM 107 CARE OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENTS (LECTURE)

PREFINALS PRESCHOOLER

Hannah Adan 1

PRESCHOOLER 3-5 YRS OLD

Physical

  • Height o Grows 2½ to 3 inches (6.5 to 7.5 cm) per year o Average height is 37 inches (94 cm) at age 3, 40½ inches (103 cm) at age 4, and 43 inches (110 cm) at age 5
  • Weight o Gains approximately 5 pounds (2.25 kg) per year; average weight is 40 pounds (18 kg) at age 5
  • Sleep o Requires about 12 hours of sleep each day A security object and a nightlight help with sleeping Dental care
  • At the beginning of the preschool period, the eruption of the deciduous (primary) teeth is complete
  • Regular dental care is essential, and the preschooler O may require assistance with brushing and flossing of teeth; fluoride supplements may be necessary if the water is not fluoridated Vital Signs
  • Temperature: Axillary, 97.5°F to 98.6°F (36.4°C to 37°C)
  • Apical Heart Rate: 70 to 110 beats/minute
  • Respirations: 16 to 22 breaths/minute
  • Blood Pressure: Average, 95/57 mm Hg Nutrition
  • Nutritional needs are similar to those required for the toddler although the daily amounts of minerals, vitamins, and protein may increase with age
  • The MyPlate food guide is appropriate for preschoolers Skills

The preschooler has good posture Develops fine motor coordination Can hop, skip, and run more smoothly Athletic abilities begin to develop Demonstrates increased skills in balancing Alternates feet when climbing stairs Can tie shoelaces by age 6 May talk continuously and ask many "why" questions The child can be understood readily by others and can understand clearly what others are saying Vocabulary increases to about 900 words by age 3 and to 2100 words by age 5 By age 3, the preschooler usually talks in 3- or 4-word sentences and speaks in short phrases By age 4, the preschooler speaks 5 or 6 - word sentences, and by age 5, speaks in longer sentences that contain all parts of speech Bladder By age 4, the preschooler has daytime control of bowel and bladder but may experience bed- wetting accidents at night By age 5, the preschooler achieves bowel and bladder control, although accidents may occur in stressful situations Play - The preschooler is cooperative - The preschooler has imaginary playmates - The child likes to build and create things, and play is simple and imaginative - The child understands sharing and is able to interact with peers - The child requires regular socialization with mates of similar age - Play activities include a large space for running and jumping - The preschooler likes dress-up clothes, paints, paper, and crayons for creative expression - The child likes to build and create things, and play is simple and imaginative - Swimming and sports aid in growth development - Puzzles and toys aid with fine motor development Safety > Preschoolers are active and inquisitive > Because of their magical thinking, they may believe that daring feats seen in cartoons are possible and may attempt them > The preschooler can learn simple safety practices because they can follow simple verbal directions and their attention span is longer > Teach the preschooler basic safety rules to ensure safety when playing in a playground such as near swings and ladders > Guns should be stored unloaded and secured under lock and key (ammunition should be locked in a separate place) > The preschooler should be taught what to do in the event of a fire or if clothes catch fire; fire drills should be practiced with the preschooler > Teach the preschooler never to play with matches or lighters > Teach the preschooler his or her full name, address, parents' names, and telephone number > Teach the preschooler how to dial 911 in an emergency situation > Keep the Poison Control Center number available > Teach a preschooler and school-age child to leave an area immediately if a gun is visible and to tell an adult. The preschooler should also be taught never to point a toy gun at another person