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LATEST BIO 182 FINAL EXAM WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
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"Imprinting - CORRECT ANSWER a type of behavior that includes both learning and innate
components and is generally irreversible; in this behavior, the young offspring can be taught to follow something other than the parent"
"kinesis - CORRECT ANSWER A simple change in activity in response to some stimulus."
"Learning - CORRECT ANSWER the modification of behavior as a result of a specific
experiences"
"mate choice copying - CORRECT ANSWER when individuals in a population copy the mate
choice of others instead of some generally preferred type"
"monogamous - CORRECT ANSWER A type of relationship that involves one male mating with
one female"
"optimal foraging theory - CORRECT ANSWER views feeding behavior as a compromise
between the benefits of nutrition and the costs (risks) of obtaining food"
"Pheromones - CORRECT ANSWER chemical substances important in animal communication"
"Polyandry - CORRECT ANSWER a type of relationship that involves an individual of one sex
mating with several of another sex"
"polygamous - CORRECT ANSWER a relationship involving one female and many males"
"Polygyny - CORRECT ANSWER a relationship involving one male and many females"
"abiotic - CORRECT ANSWER physical rather than biological; not derived from living
organisms."
"aphotic - CORRECT ANSWER these zones are deeper and do not receive enough light for
photosynthesis"
"benthic - CORRECT ANSWER this zone is at the bottom of all aquatic biomes and consists of
sand and organic sediments"
"biosphere ecology - CORRECT ANSWER study of the sum of all the planet's ecosystems"
"Biotic - CORRECT ANSWER components of an environment that includes all the living
organisms"
"Chaparral - CORRECT ANSWER precipitation highly seasonal, cool except for summer;
dominated by shrubs and small trees"
"Climograph - CORRECT ANSWER plot temperature and precipitation"
"community ecology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of whole array of interacting species in a
community"
"desert - CORRECT ANSWER precipitation is low and temperatures are variable seasonally and
daily"
"dispersal - CORRECT ANSWER the movement of individuals away from centers of high
population density or area of origin"
"Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER the geographic range of a species"
"landscape ecology - CORRECT ANSWER focuses on the factors controlling exchanges of
energy, materials, and organisms across multiple ecosystems"
"marine benthic zone - CORRECT ANSWER consists of the seafloor below the surface waters
of the coastal, or neritic, zone and the offshore pelagic zone"
"oceanic pelagic - CORRECT ANSWER a vast realm of open blue water, constantly mixed by
wind-driven oceanic currents"
"organismal ecology - CORRECT ANSWER a study of how an organism's structure and
physiology fit the environment"
"photic - CORRECT ANSWER These zones receive sufficient light for photosynthesis"
"Dispersion - CORRECT ANSWER the pattern of spacing among individuals within the
boundaries of the population"
"dominant species - CORRECT ANSWER Those species in a community that have the highest
abundance or highest biomass. These species exert a powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species."
"dynamic stability hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER Long food chains are less stable than short
chains, and that small fluctuations at low levels are increasingly magnified with successive levels"
"fundamental niche - CORRECT ANSWER the environmental living conditions that an
organism would prefer"
"Immigration - CORRECT ANSWER the influx of new individuals from other areas"
"intermediate disturbance hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER this model suggests that
moderate levels of distribution can create conditions that foster greater species diversity than low or high levels of disturbance"
"iteroparity - CORRECT ANSWER demonstrated by organisms that make repeated efforts at
reproduction"
"keystone species - CORRECT ANSWER not the most abundant species but they play pivotal
ecological roles in the community"
"life tables - CORRECT ANSWER age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a
population"
"logistic growth - CORRECT ANSWER a type of population growth in which the per capita rate
of increases decline as carrying capacity is reached"
"population - CORRECT ANSWER a group of individuals of a single species living in the same
general area"
"primary succession - CORRECT ANSWER occurs in areas where soil has not yet formed has
been stripped away"
"biological augmentation - CORRECT ANSWER Uses organisms to add essential materials to
degraded ecosystems."
"Bioremediation - CORRECT ANSWER the use of living organisms, usually prokaryotes, fungi,
or plants, to detoxify polluted ecosystems"
"detritivores - CORRECT ANSWER consumers that get their energy from nonliving organic
material such as remains of dead organisms, feces, fallen leaves, and wood"
"ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER consists of the community plus the abiotic factors;
characterized by energy flow and chemical cycling"
"Energy - CORRECT ANSWER cannot be recycled so an ecosystem must have a continuous
influx of energy"
"eutrophication - CORRECT ANSWER occurs in lakes polluted by excess amounts of nutrients"
"gross primary production - CORRECT ANSWER unit of light energy that is converted to
chemical energy by photosynthesis"
"Law of Conservation of Energy - CORRECT ANSWER energy cannot be created or destroyed"
"net primary production - CORRECT ANSWER equal to gross primary production minus energy
for respiration"
"organic material - CORRECT ANSWER Decomposes faster in tropical rain forests than in
temperate forests."
"primary consumers - CORRECT ANSWER this trophic level consists of herbivores"
"primary producers - CORRECT ANSWER This trophic level consists of autotrophs"
"restoration ecology - CORRECT ANSWER applies ecological principles in an effort to return
degraded ecosystems to their natural, pre-degraded state"
"secondary consumers - CORRECT ANSWER carnivores that eat herbivores"
"tertiary consumers - CORRECT ANSWER carnivores that eat other carnivores"
b. a female elephant living around 1960 was more likely to have a baby than a female elephant living around 1920 c. the elephant adapted to the new park condition around 1955 d. the vegetation the elephant eat could support more than 5000 elephants
e. the more elephants there are, the more tourists will visit the park - CORRECT ANSWER d."
"Female sea turtles emerge from the ocean and crawl up the beach, lay about 100 eggs or more per nest, and then cover the eggs with sand. What can you conclude about sea turtle populations? a. the population will increase in size rapidly due to a high reproductive rate b. the population would exhibit a Type I survivorship curve if graphed c. the population exhibits high mortality among older age classes d. the population relies on parental care
e. the population exhibits high mortality among young individuals - CORRECT ANSWER e."
"The European starling made it to the Atlantic coast of North America over 100 years ago. Fifty years after that, the bird was found in many sates throughout the Midwest. This is an example of a. Density b. Disturbance c. Demographics d. Survivorship
e. Dispersion - CORRECT ANSWER e."
"A population of deer grows from 100 to 200 to 600, and when it gets to 600, it levels off. This population must have reached a. exponential growth b. carrying capacity c. logistic growth d. exponential capacity
e. unlimited resources - CORRECT ANSWER b."
"If a population of geese is sampled by scientist and is found to be experiencing growth, then which of the following is accurate? a. Deaths outnumbers births every year of the study b. Births outnumbers deaths, on average, over the period studied c. the birds are growing to a larger size each year d. there is no limit to the population size
e. No geese are dispersing out of the population - CORRECT ANSWER b."
"What is the difference between semelparity and iteroparity?
a. semelparous organism return to their place of birth to reproduce, but iteroparous organisms can reproduce anywhere b. semelparous refer only to plants, but iteroparous refers to animals c. semelparous organisms live after their first reproduction, but iteroparous organism die d. semelparoud organisms die after their first reproduction, but iteroparous organisms are
capable of repeated reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER d."
"What is one difference between the fundamental niche and the realize niche? a. the realized niche is large b. the fundamental niche is determined by competitors c. the realized niche is determined by abiotic resources d. individuals will be found only in the realized niche
e. the difference is called the occupied niche - CORRECT ANSWER d."
"Character displacement a. can be observed in sympatric population of two species b. is usually observed in allopatric populations of two species c. is usually observed for two species in widely separated habitats d. is the result of niche partitioning e. is an interaction between two species in which one generally dominated the competition due
to its morphology - CORRECT ANSWER a."
"This graph shows the effect of soil pH on microbial diversity. One conclusion you should draw from this figure is a. the higher the soil pH, the higher the microbial diversity b. the lower the soil pH, the higher the microbial diversity c. microbes do not exist in acidic conditions d. the scientist couldn't find any acidic or basic soils
e. there appears to be an optimal pH value for maximizing microbial diversity - CORRECT
ANSWER e."
"Disturbance is an important component of succession because it a. removes keystone species b. changes the biome from one form to another c. introduces invasive species d. is associated with humans
e. tends to promote earlier successional stages - CORRECT ANSWER e."
"A rapid method of speciation that has been important in the history of flowering plants is -
CORRECT ANSWER Polyploidy"
"In evolutionary terms, the more closely related two different organisms are, the - CORRECT
ANSWER more recently they shared a common ancestor"
"A biologist studied a population of squirrels for 15 years. During that time, the population was never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45. Her data showed that over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce, because of competition for food and predation. In a single generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the population
increased to 80. What inferences might you make about this population? - CORRECT ANSWER
A. The amount of available food may have increased B. The number of predators may have decreased C. The Squirrels of subsequent generations should show greater levels of variation than previous"
"A defining characteristic of allopatric speciation is - CORRECT ANSWER geographic isolation"
"How many half-lives should have elapsed if 3.125% of the parent isotope remains in a fossil at
the time of analysis - CORRECT ANSWER Five"
"In binomial nomenclature where humans are: Homo Sapiens Homo is the - CORRECT
ANSWER genus"
"The common housefly belongs o all of the following taxa. Assuming you had access to textbooks or other scientific literature, knowing which of the following should provide you with the most
specific information about the common housefly? - CORRECT ANSWER Genus Musca"
"Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time? A) All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors. B) The environment is changing at a relatively slow rate. C) The population size is large.
D) The population lives in a habitat where there are no competing species present. - CORRECT
ANSWER A. All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors"
"What would be the best technique for determining the evolutionary relationships among several
closely related species, each of which still contains living members? - CORRECT ANSWER DNA
or protein analysis" "What is thought to be the correct sequence of these events, from earliest to most recent in the evolution of life on earth?
- origin of mitochondria
- origin of multi cellular Eukaryotas
- origin of chloroplasts
- origin of cyanobacteria
5. origin of fungal-plant symbioses - CORRECT ANSWER 4.origin of cyanobacteria
- origin of mitochondria
- origin of chloroplasts
- origin of multicellular eukaryotes
- origin of fungal- plant symbiosesI" "In hardy-weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium the frequency of
allele a is 0.1 What is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for this allele? -
CORRECT ANSWER A.18"
"A fruit fly population has a gene with two alleles, A1 and A2. Tests show that 70% of the gametes produced in the population contain the A1 allele. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium, what proportion of the flies carry both A1 and A2? - CORRECT ANSWER 0.42"
"Races of humans are unlikely to evolve extensive differences in the future for which of the following reasons? I. The environment is unlikely to change. II. Human evolution is complete. III. The human races are incompletely isolated. A) I only B) III only C) I and II only D) II and III only
E) I, II, and III - CORRECT ANSWER B) III only"
"Which gas was the least abundant in Earth's early atmosphere , prior to 2 billion years ago? -
CORRECT ANSWER O"
"Which of the following must exist in a population before a natural selection can act upon that population? A) Genetic variation among individuals B) variation among individuals caused by environmental factors C) sexual reproduction D) A and C only
E) A, B, and C - CORRECT ANSWER A) Genetic variation among individuals"
""Improving intelligence of an adult through education will result in that adult's descendants being born with greater native intelligence" This statement is an example of? A)Scala naturae B) Malthusianism C) uniformitarianism D) Darwinism
E) Lamarckism - CORRECT ANSWER E) Lamarckism"
"Briefly explain 2 lines of evidence for evolution by natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER
Direct observation = seeing something as evidence of evolution like bacteria isn't affected by antibiotics Homology species come from a common ancestor or similar ancestor for example species with vertebrae embryos looks the same. In human embryos there is an appearance of fish gills." "Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events, under the influence of natural selection?
- Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals.
- A change occurs in the environment.
- Genetic frequencies within the population change.
4. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship. - CORRECT ANSWER 2. A change
occurs in the environment
- poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivor ship
- well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals
- Genetic frequencies within the population change" "The theory of evolution is most accurately described as A) one possible explanation, among several scientific alternatives, about how species have come into existence B) An educated guess about how species originate C) An idea about how acquired characteristics are passed on to subsequent generations. D) An opinion that some scientists hold about how living things change over time.
E) An overarching explanation, supported, by much evidence , for how populations change over
time. - CORRECT ANSWER E. An overarching explanation, supported by much evidence, for
how populations change over time." "Which statement about natural selection is most correct? A) Natural selection is the sole means by which populations can evolve B) Well- adapted individuals leave more offspring, and thus contribute more to the next generation's gene pool, than do poorly adapted individuals. C) Adaptations beneficial at one time should generally be beneficial during all other times as well. D) Different species that occupy that same habitat will adapt to that habitat by undergoing the same genetic changes. E) Adaptations beneficial in one habitat should generally be beneficial in all other habitats as well.
- CORRECT ANSWER B. Well- adapted individuals leave more offspring, and thus contribute
more to the next generation's gene pool, than do poorly adapted individuals." "Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time? A) All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors. B) The environment is changing at a relatively slow rate. C) The population size is large.
D) The population lives in a habitat where there are no competing species present. - CORRECT
ANSWER A) All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors."
"Who was the naturalist who synthesized a concept of natural selection independently of Darwin? A) John Henslow B) Charles Lyell C) Gregor Mendel D) Thomas Malthus
E) Alfred Wallace - CORRECT ANSWER E) Alfred Wallace"
"The average birth weight for human babies is about 3kg. While birth weights of much less than this or much more than this are rare. Which of the following terms best describes this? A) stabilizing selection B) Disruptive Selection C) Artificial selection D) Directional selection
E) Sexual Selection - CORRECT ANSWER A) Stabilizing selection"
D) euglenids
E) golden algae - CORRECT ANSWER B) Dinoflagellates"
"Which of the following can be found in gymnosperms?? A) Fruits B) Pollen C) non-fertile flower parts D) Triploid endosperm
E) Carpels - CORRECT ANSWER B) pollen"
"Which of the following is not common to all phyla of vascular plants? A) Dominance of the diploid generation B) The addition of lignin to cell walls C) Alternation of generations D) the development of seeds
E) xylem and phloem - CORRECT ANSWER D) development of seeds"
"Not present in all bacteria, this structure enables those that possess it to germinate after exposure to harsh conditions, such as boiling: A) sex pilus B) Flagellum C) Capsule D) endospore
E) Cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER D) endospore"
"In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are unique to the seed-producing plants? A) Lignin present in cell walls B) use of air currents as a dispersal agent C) sporopollenin
D) pollen - CORRECT ANSWER D) pollen"
"Angiosperm double fertilization is so-called because it features the formation of : A) two embryos from two sperm cells and two eggs. B) one embryo from one egg fertilized by two sperm cells. C) One embryo from two eggs fertilized by a single sperm cell. D) Two embryos from one egg and two sperm cells.
E) one embryo involving one sperm cell and of endosperm involving a second sperm cell. -
CORRECT ANSWER E) one embryo involving one sperm cell and of endosperm involving a
second sperm cell." "Pollination is found in: A) ferns only B) angiosperms only C) gymnosperms only D) both angiosperms and gymnosperms
E) All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D) both angiosperms and gymnosperms"
"The most recent common ancestor of all land plants was most similar to modern-day members of which group? A) Diatoms B) brown algae C) green algae D) angiosperm
E) red algae - CORRECT ANSWER C) green algae"
"Which of the following is involved in providing structural support to the plant? A) phloem B) xylem C) Both phloem and xylem D) neither phloem nor xylem
E) either phloem or xylem - CORRECT ANSWER B)xylem"
"The relationship in a lichen is described as: A) parasitism B) predation C) mutualism D) Commensalism
E) Competition - CORRECT ANSWER C) mutualism"
"The strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles is the similarity between extant prokaryotes and which of the following? A)mitochondria and ribosomes B) cilia and mitochondria C) mitochondria and chloroplasts D)mitochondria and nuclei
"Chemicals, secreted by soil fungi, that inhibit the growth of bacteria are known as A) aflatoxins B) antibiotics C) antigens D) hallucinogens
E)antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER B) antibiotics"
"Bryophytes never formed forests (mats, yes, but not forests) because A) they possess flagellated sperms. B) not all are heterosporous. C) they lack lignified vascular tissue. D) they have no adaptations to prevent desiccation.
E) the sporophyte is too weak. - CORRECT ANSWER C) they lacked lignified vascular tissue"
"Lyme diseased is caused by a: A) bacteria B) tick C) mosquito D) protist
E) Flea - CORRECT ANSWER A) bacteria"
"Which of the following is found in the cells walls of fungi? A) chitin B) cellulose C) glycogen D) lignin
E) peptidoglycan - CORRECT ANSWER A) chitin"
"Which of the following types of bacteria are more likely to be resistant to antibiotics? A) Gram negative B) spiral C) bacillia D) gram positive
E) cocci - CORRECT ANSWER A) gram negative"
"Arrange the following form largest to smallest
- ascospore
- ascocarp
- ascomycete
4. ascus - CORRECT ANSWER 3. ascomycete
- ascocarp
- ascus
- ascospore" "If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is, has both male and female gametangia on the same plant), then it: A) belongs to a species that is homosporous B) must be diploid C) has antheridia and archegonia combined into a single-sex organ D) is actually not a fern because fern gametophytes are always either male or female
E) has lost the need for a sporophyte generation - CORRECT ANSWER A) belongs to a species
that is homosporous" "A biologist is trying to classify a newly discovered fungus on the basis of the following characteristics: filamentous appearance, reproduction by asexual spores, eight sexual spores contained within another structure, and parasitism of woody plants. If asked for advice, to which group would you assign this new species A) Ascomycota B) Glomeromycota C) Deuteromycota D) Zygomycota
E) basidomycota - CORRECT ANSWER A) ascomycota"
"How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms? A) by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat B) by attracting insects to the pollen inside C) by facilitating dispersal of seeds D) by producing triploid cells via double fertilization
E) by nourishing the plants that make them - CORRECT ANSWER C) facilitating disperal of
seeds" "Each of the following is a general characteristics of byophytes except: A) cellulose cell wall B) being photosynthetic autotrophs C) Vascular tissue D) chlorophylls a and b
E) being eukaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER C) vascular tissue"
"unlike any other group of organisms, these organisms can have any nutritional type, including chemautotrophs.
