IT IS ABOUT ETHICS AND ITS SUBCOMPONENETS THAT IS USEFUL FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS, Lecture notes of Ethics

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UNIVERSAL VALUES

Objectives:

1. Identify universal values
2. Explain why universal values are

necessity for human survival

What is Universal Value?

Universal Values are values that apply to

all types of human beings, regardless of

their social, ethnic or cultural origin. A

value is considered universal when it goes

beyond laws and beliefs; rather, it is

considered to have the same meaning for

all people and does not vary according to

the societies.

Everyone in the world values the following six

universal or core ethical values:

1. Trustworthiness

2. Respect

3. Responsibility

4. Fairness

5. Caring

6. Citizenship

Using these ethical values as the basis for moral

reasoning and thinking will help detect a situation

wherein, we focus hard on one value that we

sacrifice another. For example, you are being loyal

to your family member; hence, you are not always

telling the truth about their actions.

3. Frankness – relationships involving

trust and honesty may require us to

voluntarily give information that another

person needs to know

4. Honesty in conduct – it prohibits

stealing, cheating, fraud, and trickery.

Cheating is not only about being

dishonest but also taking advantage of

those who are not cheating.

*Integrity

Integrity means the absence of differences in the way an ethical

person makes decisions from situation to situation and the way

they act at work and home and in public and private. The person

of integrity takes time for self-reflection so that the events,

crises, and the necessities of the day do not determine the

course of their moral life. They stay in control. The four enemies

of integrity are:

Self-interest – things we want

Self-protection – things we do not want

Self-deception – a refusal to see a situation clearly

Self-righteousness – an end-justifies-the-means attitude

*Responsibility

Life is full of choices. Being responsible means being in

charge of our choices and so our lives. Being responsible

also means recognizing that what we do and what we do

not do matters.

Related to the Empirical findings on the Universal

values, Dr. Keith, M. (2003) came up with a list of

fundamental, or universal moral principles that can

be found throughout the world. These are grouped

into negative and positive statements as follows:

DO NO HARM

Do not do to others what you would not like them to do

to you

Do not lie

Do not steal

Do not cheat

Do not falsely accuse others

Do not commit adultery

Do not commit incest

Do not physically or verbally abuse others

Do not murder

DO GOOD

Do to others what you like them to do you

Be honest and fair

Be generous

Be faithful to your family and friends

Take care of your children when they are young

Take care of your parents when they are old

Take care of those who cannot take care of themselves

Be kind to strangers

Respect all life

Protect the natural environment upon which all life

depends

Second, something

could have universal

value when all people

have reason to believe

it has value.

Amartya Sen interprets the term in this way, pointing out that when Mahatma

Gandhi argued that non-violence is a universal value, he was arguing that all

people have reason to value non-violence, not that all people currently value

non-violence. Many different things have been claimed to be of universal value, for

example, fertility, pleasure, and democracy. The issue of whether anything is

of universal value, and, if so, what that thing or those things are, is relevant

to psychology, political science, and philosophy, among other fields.

Amartya Sen

IMPORTANCE OF UNIVERSAL VALUES

The foundation of universal values should

be accepted universally. We must know the

importance and why universal values are

necessary for our survival. Universal

values require us to recognize human

characteristics, both good and bad, that

we have in common with all our fellow

human beings and to show the same

respect for human dignity and sensitivity

in people of other communities that we

expect them to show to us.

Universal Values for Human Survival

It is undeniable that universal values are highly

necessary for human survival. Universal values as

moral principles help people grow every day with

honesty, dignity, respect, integrity, and responsibility.

Living moral principles create a better world and

future of right decisions and actions. There are some

moral rules that all societies must have in common

because those rules are necessary for society to exist.

For example: Do not lie and do not murder are moral

rules in all viable cultures. There may be legitimate

exemptions but in the larger background, they remain

abhorrent. Not every moral rule can vary from culture

to culture

END OF

DISCUSSION

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