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PNLE I for Foundation of
Professional Nursing Practice
- The nurse In-charge in labor and delivery unit administered a dose of terbutaline to a client without checking the client’s pulse. The standard that would be used to determine if the nurse was negligent is:
A. The physician’s orders. B. The action of a clinical nurse specialist who is recognized expert in the field. C. The statement in the drug literature about administration of terbutaline. D. The actions of a reasonably prudent nurse with similar education and experience.
- Nurse Trish is caring for a female client with a history of GI bleeding, sickle cell disease, and a platelet count of 22,000/μl. The female client is dehydrated and receiving dextrose 5% in half-normal saline solution at 150 ml/hr. The client complains of severe bone pain and is scheduled to receive a dose of morphine sulfate. In administering the medication, Nurse Trish should avoid which route?
A. I.V
B. I.M
C. Oral D. S.C
- Dr. Garcia writes the following order for the client who has been recently admitted “Digoxin .125 mg P.O. once daily.” To prevent a dosage error, how should the nurse document this order onto the medication administration record?
A. “Digoxin .1250 mg P.O. once daily” B. “Digoxin 0.1250 mg P.O. once daily” C. “Digoxin 0.125 mg P.O. once daily” D. “Digoxin .125 mg P.O. once daily”
- A newly admitted female client was diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis. Which nursing diagnosis should receive the highest priority?
A. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion. B. Risk for injury related to edema. C. Excess fluid volume related to peripheral vascular disease. D. Impaired gas exchange related to increased blood flow.
- Nurse Betty is assigned to the following clients. The client that the nurse would see first after endorsement?
A. A 34 year-old post operative appendectomy client of five hours who is complaining of pain. B. A 44 year-old myocardial infarction (MI) client who is complaining of nausea. C. A 26 year-old client admitted for dehydration whose intravenous (IV) has infiltrated. D. A 63 year-old post operative’s abdominal hysterectomy client of three days whose incisional dressing is saturated with serosanguinous fluid.
- Nurse Gail places a client in a four-point restraint following orders from the physician. The client care plan should include:
A. Assess temperature frequently. B. Provide diversional activities. C. Check circulation every 15-30 minutes. D. Socialize with other patients once a shift.
- A male client who has severe burns is receiving H receptor antagonist therapy. The nurse In-charge knows the purpose of this therapy is to:
A. Prevent stress ulcer B. Block prostaglandin synthesis C. Facilitate protein synthesis. D. Enhance gas exchange
- The doctor orders hourly urine output measurement for a postoperative male client. The nurse Trish records the following amounts of output for 2 consecutive hours: 8 a.m.: 50 ml; 9 a.m.: 60 ml. Based on these amounts, which action should the nurse take?
A. Increase the I.V. fluid infusion rate B. Irrigate the indwelling urinary catheter C. Notify the physician D. Continue to monitor and record hourly urine output
- Tony, a basketball player twist his right ankle while playing on the court and seeks care for ankle pain and swelling. After the nurse applies ice to the ankle for 30 minutes, which statement by Tony suggests that ice application has been effective?
A. “My ankle looks less swollen now”. B. “My ankle feels warm”. C. “My ankle appears redder now”. D. “I need something stronger for pain relief”
10.The physician prescribes a loop diuretic for a client. When administering this drug, the nurse anticipates that the client may develop which electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hypernatremia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypokalemia D. Hypervolemia
11.She finds out that some managers have benevolent- authoritative style of management. Which of the following behaviors will she exhibit most likely?
A. Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates. B. Gives economic and ego awards. C. Communicates downward to staffs. D. Allows decision making among subordinates.
- Nurse Amy is aware that the following is true about functional nursing
A. Provides continuous, coordinated and comprehensive nursing services. B. One-to-one nurse patient ratio. C. Emphasize the use of group collaboration. D. Concentrates on tasks and activities.
13.Which type of medication order might read “Vitamin K 10 mg I.M. daily × 3 days?”
A. Single order B. Standard written order C. Standing order D. Stat order
14.A female client with a fecal impaction frequently exhibits which clinical manifestation?
A. Increased appetite B. Loss of urge to defecate C. Hard, brown, formed stools D. Liquid or semi-liquid stools
15.Nurse Linda prepares to perform an otoscopic examination on a female client. For proper visualization, the nurse should position the client’s ear by:
A. Pulling the lobule down and back B. Pulling the helix up and forward C. Pulling the helix up and back D. Pulling the lobule down and forward
- Which instruction should nurse Tom give to a male client who is having external radiation therapy:
A. Protect the irritated skin from sunlight. B. Eat 3 to 4 hours before treatment. C. Wash the skin over regularly. D. Apply lotion or oil to the radiated area when it is red or sore.
17.In assisting a female client for immediate surgery, the nurse In-charge is aware that she should:
A. Encourage the client to void following preoperative medication.
B. Explore the client’s fears and anxieties about the surgery. C. Assist the client in removing dentures and nail polish. D. Encourage the client to drink water prior to surgery.
- A male client is admitted and diagnosed with acute pancreatitis after a holiday celebration of excessive food and alcohol. Which assessment finding reflects this diagnosis?
A. Blood pressure above normal range. B. Presence of crackles in both lung fields. C. Hyperactive bowel sounds D. Sudden onset of continuous epigastric and back pain.
- Which dietary guidelines are important for nurse Oliver to implement in caring for the client with burns?
A. Provide high-fiber, high-fat diet B. Provide high-protein, high-carbohydrate diet. C. Monitor intake to prevent weight gain. D. Provide ice chips or water intake.
20.Nurse Hazel will administer a unit of whole blood, which priority information should the nurse have about the client?
A. Blood pressure and pulse rate. B. Height and weight. C. Calcium and potassium levels D. Hgb and Hct levels.
- Nurse Michelle witnesses a female client sustain a fall and suspects that the leg may be broken. The nurse takes which priority action?
A. Takes a set of vital signs. B. Call the radiology department for X-ray. C. Reassure the client that everything will be alright. D. Immobilize the leg before moving the client.
22.A male client is being transferred to the nursing unit for admission after receiving a radium implant for bladder cancer. The nurse in-charge would take which priority action in the care of this client?
A. Place client on reverse isolation. B. Admit the client into a private room. C. Encourage the client to take frequent rest periods. D. Encourage family and friends to visit.
23.A newly admitted female client was diagnosed with agranulocytosis. The nurse formulates which priority nursing diagnosis?
A. Constipation B. Diarrhea C. Risk for infection D. Deficient knowledge
B. Primary intention healing C. Third intention healing D. First intention healing
36.An 80-year-old male client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Nurse Oliver learns that the client lives alone and hasn’t been eating or drinking. When assessing him for dehydration, nurse Oliver would expect to find:
A. Hypothermia B. Hypertension C. Distended neck veins D. Tachycardia
37.The physician prescribes meperidine (Demerol), 75 mg I.M. every 4 hours as needed, to control a client’s postoperative pain. The package insert is “Meperidine, 100 mg/ml.” How many milliliters of meperidine should the client receive?
A. 0.
B. 0.
C. 0.
D. 0.
- A male client with diabetes mellitus is receiving insulin. Which statement correctly describes an insulin unit?
A. It’s a common measurement in the metric system. B. It’s the basis for solids in the avoirdupois system. C. It’s the smallest measurement in the apothecary system. D. It’s a measure of effect, not a standard measure of weight or quantity.
39.Nurse Oliver measures a client’s temperature at 102° F. What is the equivalent Centigrade temperature?
A. 40.1 °C
B. 38.9 °C
C. 48 °C
D. 38 °C
40.The nurse is assessing a 48-year-old client who has come to the physician’s office for his annual physical exam. One of the first physical signs of aging is:
A. Accepting limitations while developing assets. B. Increasing loss of muscle tone. C. Failing eyesight, especially close vision. D. Having more frequent aches and pains.
41.The physician inserts a chest tube into a female client to treat a pneumothorax. The tube is connected to water-seal drainage. The nurse in-charge can prevent chest tube air leaks by:
A. Checking and taping all connections.
B. Checking patency of the chest tube. C. Keeping the head of the bed slightly elevated. D. Keeping the chest drainage system below the level of the chest.
42.Nurse Trish must verify the client’s identity before administering medication. She is aware that the safest way to verify identity is to:
A. Check the client’s identification band. B. Ask the client to state his name. C. State the client’s name out loud and wait a client to repeat it. D. Check the room number and the client’s name on the bed.
43.The physician orders dextrose 5 % in water, 1,000 ml to be infused over 8 hours. The I.V. tubing delivers 15 drops/ml. Nurse John should run the I.V. infusion at a rate of:
A. 30 drops/minute B. 32 drops/minute C. 20 drops/minute D. 18 drops/minute
44.If a central venous catheter becomes disconnected accidentally, what should the nurse in-charge do immediately?
A. Clamp the catheter B. Call another nurse C. Call the physician D. Apply a dry sterile dressing to the site.
45.A female client was recently admitted. She has fever, weight loss, and watery diarrhea is being admitted to the facility. While assessing the client, Nurse Hazel inspects the client’s abdomen and notice that it is slightly concave. Additional assessment should proceed in which order:
A. Palpation, auscultation, and percussion. B. Percussion, palpation, and auscultation. C. Palpation, percussion, and auscultation. D. Auscultation, percussion, and palpation.
- Nurse Betty is assessing tactile fremitus in a client with pneumonia. For this examination, nurse Betty should use the:
A. Fingertips B. Finger pads C. Dorsal surface of the hand D. Ulnar surface of the hand
- Which type of evaluation occurs continuously throughout the teaching and learning process?
A. Summative
B. Informative C. Formative D. Retrospective
48.A 45 year old client, has no family history of breast cancer or other risk factors for this disease. Nurse John should instruct her to have mammogram how often?
A. Twice per year B. Once per year C. Every 2 years D. Once, to establish baseline
49.A male client has the following arterial blood gas values: pH 7.30; Pao2 89 mmHg; Paco2 50 mmHg; and HCO3 26mEq/L. Based on these values, Nurse Patricia should expect which condition?
A. Respiratory acidosis B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Metabolic alkalosis
50.Nurse Len refers a female client with terminal cancer to a local hospice. What is the goal of this referral?
A. To help the client find appropriate treatment options. B. To provide support for the client and family in coping with terminal illness. C. To ensure that the client gets counseling regarding health care costs. D. To teach the client and family about cancer and its treatment.
51.When caring for a male client with a 3-cm stage I pressure ulcer on the coccyx, which of the following actions can the nurse institute independently?
A. Massaging the area with an astringent every 2 hours. B. Applying an antibiotic cream to the area three times per day. C. Using normal saline solution to clean the ulcer and applying a protective dressing as necessary. D. Using a povidone-iodine wash on the ulceration three times per day.
52.Nurse Oliver must apply an elastic bandage to a client’s ankle and calf. He should apply the bandage beginning at the client’s:
A. Knee B. Ankle C. Lower thigh D. Foot
53.A 10 year old child with type 1 diabetes develops diabetic ketoacidosis and receives a continuous insulin infusion. Which condition represents the greatest risk to this child?
A. Hypernatremia B. Hypokalemia C. Hyperphosphatemia D. Hypercalcemia
54.Nurse Len is administering sublingual nitrglycerin (Nitrostat) to the newly admitted client. Immediately afterward, the client may experience:
A. Throbbing headache or dizziness B. Nervousness or paresthesia. C. Drowsiness or blurred vision. D. Tinnitus or diplopia.
55.Nurse Michelle hears the alarm sound on the telemetry monitor. The nurse quickly looks at the monitor and notes that a client is in a ventricular tachycardia. The nurse rushes to the client’s room. Upon reaching the client’s bedside, the nurse would take which action first?
A. Prepare for cardioversion B. Prepare to defibrillate the client C. Call a code D. Check the client’s level of consciousness
56.Nurse Hazel is preparing to ambulate a female client. The best and the safest position for the nurse in assisting the client is to stand:
A. On the unaffected side of the client. B. On the affected side of the client. C. In front of the client. D. Behind the client.
57.Nurse Janah is monitoring the ongoing care given to the potential organ donor who has been diagnosed with brain death. The nurse determines that the standard of care had been maintained if which of the following data is observed?
A. Urine output: 45 ml/hr B. Capillary refill: 5 seconds C. Serum pH: 7. D. Blood pressure: 90/48 mmHg
- Nurse Amy has an order to obtain a urinalysis from a male client with an indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse avoids which of the following, which contaminate the specimen?
A. Wiping the port with an alcohol swab before inserting the syringe. B. Aspirating a sample from the port on the drainage bag. C. Clamping the tubing of the drainage bag. D. Obtaining the specimen from the urinary drainage bag.
A. Keep the identities of the subject secret B. Obtain informed consent C. Provide equal treatment to all the subjects of the study. D. Release findings only to the participants of the study
69.Patient’s refusal to divulge information is a limitation because it is beyond the control of Tifanny”. What type of research is appropriate for this study?
A. Descriptive- correlational B. Experiment C. Quasi-experiment D. Historical
70.Nurse Ronald is aware that the best tool for data gathering is?
A. Interview schedule B. Questionnaire C. Use of laboratory data D. Observation
71.Monica is aware that there are times when only manipulation of study variables is possible and the elements of control or randomization are not attendant. Which type of research is referred to this?
A. Field study B. Quasi-experiment C. Solomon-Four group design D. Post-test only design
72.Cherry notes down ideas that were derived from the description of an investigation written by the person who conducted it. Which type of reference source refers to this?
A. Footnote B. Bibliography C. Primary source D. Endnotes
73.When Nurse Trish is providing care to his patient, she must remember that her duty is bound not to do doing any action that will cause the patient harm. This is the meaning of the bioethical principle:
A. Non-maleficence B. Beneficence C. Justice D. Solidarity
74.When a nurse in-charge causes an injury to a female patient and the injury caused becomes the proof of the negligent act, the presence of the injury is said to exemplify the principle of:
A. Force majeure B. Respondeat superior
C. Res ipsa loquitor D. Holdover doctrine
75.Nurse Myrna is aware that the Board of Nursing has quasi-judicial power. An example of this power is:
A. The Board can issue rules and regulations that will govern the practice of nursing B. The Board can investigate violations of the nursing law and code of ethics C. The Board can visit a school applying for a permit in collaboration with CHED D. The Board prepares the board examinations
- When the license of nurse Krina is revoked, it means that she:
A. Is no longer allowed to practice the profession for the rest of her life B. Will never have her/his license re-issued since it has been revoked C. May apply for re-issuance of his/her license based on certain conditions stipulated in RA 9173 D. Will remain unable to practice professional nursing
77.Ronald plans to conduct a research on the use of a new method of pain assessment scale. Which of the following is the second step in the conceptualizing phase of the research process?
A. Formulating the research hypothesis B. Review related literature C. Formulating and delimiting the research problem D. Design the theoretical and conceptual framework
- The leader of the study knows that certain patients who are in a specialized research setting tend to respond psychologically to the conditions of the study. This referred to as :
A. Cause and effect B. Hawthorne effect C. Halo effect D. Horns effect
79.Mary finally decides to use judgment sampling on her research. Which of the following actions of is correct?
A. Plans to include whoever is there during his study. B. Determines the different nationality of patients frequently admitted and decides to get representations samples from each. C. Assigns numbers for each of the patients, place these in a fishbowl and draw 10 from it. D. Decides to get 20 samples from the admitted patients
- The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing theory is:
A. Florence Nightingale B. Madeleine Leininger C. Albert Moore D. Sr. Callista Roy
81.Marion is aware that the sampling method that gives equal chance to all units in the population to get picked is:
A. Random B. Accidental C. Quota D. Judgment
82.John plans to use a Likert Scale to his study to determine the:
A. Degree of agreement and disagreement B. Compliance to expected standards C. Level of satisfaction D. Degree of acceptance
83.Which of the following theory addresses the four modes of adaptation?
A. Madeleine Leininger B. Sr. Callista Roy C. Florence Nightingale D. Jean Watson
84.Ms. Garcia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This principle refers to:
A. Span of control B. Unity of command C. Downward communication D. Leader
85.Ensuring that there is an informed consent on the part of the patient before a surgery is done, illustrates the bioethical principle of:
A. Beneficence B. Autonomy C. Veracity D. Non-maleficence
86.Nurse Reese is teaching a female client with peripheral vascular disease about foot care; Nurse Reese should include which instruction?
A. Avoid wearing cotton socks. B. Avoid using a nail clipper to cut toenails. C. Avoid wearing canvas shoes. D. Avoid using cornstarch on feet.
87.A client is admitted with multiple pressure ulcers. When developing the client’s diet plan, the nurse should include:
A. Fresh orange slices B. Steamed broccoli C. Ice cream D. Ground beef patties
88.The nurse prepares to administer a cleansing enema. What is the most common client position used for this procedure?
A. Lithotomy B. Supine C. Prone D. Sims’ left lateral
89.Nurse Marian is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Arrange for typing and cross matching of the client’s blood. B. Compare the client’s identification wristband with the tag on the unit of blood. C. Start an I.V. infusion of normal saline solution. D. Measure the client’s vital signs.
90.A 65 years old male client requests his medication at 9 p.m. instead of 10 p.m. so that he can go to sleep earlier. Which type of nursing intervention is required?
A. Independent B. Dependent C. Interdependent D. Intradependent
91.A female client is to be discharged from an acute care facility after treatment for right leg thrombophlebitis. The Nurse Betty notes that the client’s leg is pain-free, without redness or edema. The nurse’s actions reflect which step of the nursing process?
A. Assessment B. Diagnosis C. Implementation D. Evaluation
92.Nursing care for a female client includes removing elastic stockings once per day. The Nurse Betty is aware that the rationale for this intervention?
A. To increase blood flow to the heart B. To observe the lower extremities C. To allow the leg muscles to stretch and relax D. To permit veins in the legs to fill with blood.
93.Which nursing intervention takes highest priority when caring for a newly admitted client who’s receiving a blood transfusion?
A. Instructing the client to report any itching, swelling, or dyspnea.
