Human Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy
– means other consequences which might arise
if the disease progresses
– is the study of the structure or morphology
of the body and how the body parts are
organized.
Pathology
– is the study of diseases of the body.
Etiology
– means a cause of the disease.
• Developmental anatomy – study of the
structural changes that occur between
conception and adulthood
• Embryology - a subspecialty of developmental
anatomy, considers changes from conception to
the end of the eighth week of development
• Cytology - examines the structural features of
cells
• Histology - examines tissues, which are
composed of cells and the materials
surrounding them.
ANATOMICAL ANOMALIES
• physical characteristics that differ from the
normal pattern
vary in severity from relatively harmless to life-
threatening
Example:
• each kidney is normally supplied by one blood
vessel, but in some individuals a kidney is
supplied by two blood vessels
• blue baby” syndrome - certain blood vessels
arising from an infant’s heart are not attached
in their correct locations.
Pathogenesis
– the nature of the disease process and its
effect on normal body functioning.
Complications
– means other consequences which might arise
if the disease progresses.
Prognosis
-means the likely outcome
Congenital
-a means disorder which on is born with
Acquired
– means a disorder which develops any time
after birth (compare with congenital)
Acute
– a disease with sudden onset often requiring
urgent treatment (compare with chronic)
Chronic
– means a long-standing disorder which cannot
usually be cured (compare with acute).
Sign
– an abnormally seen or measured by people
other than the patient.
Symptom
- an abnormally described seen or measured by
people other than the patient.
Syndrome
– means a collection of signs and symptoms
which tend to occur together.
