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HESI Scientific Basis Exam with 100% Correct Answers
Case Study 1 - Correct answer A dental hygienist is creating an oral health care program for participants at a local women, infants, and children program (WIC). The hygienist will develop a community profile to determine the WIC participants dental knowledge. Instruction will include toothbrushing, oral physiotherapy techniques, and the relationship between diet and dental decay. The program will be offered for one month on days participants pick up food vouchers. By offering instruction at the WIC site, the dental hygienist hopes to educate caregivers and children early enough to prevent dental decay Which federal department overseas the women, infants and children (WIC) program? - Correct answer Agriculture Which describes WIC historical data used to develop the community profile? - Correct answer Secondary Which type of data is gathered when WIC participants are asked? "Describe how you brush your child's teeth?" - Correct answer Qualitative The statement, "The oral health care program will improve the dental health of women and their children, "is an example of the program - Correct answer Goal Which level of prevention does the oral health care program address? - Correct answer Primary Which provides information to parents on child developmental stages so the child's oral health needs can be adequately met? - Correct answer Anticipatory guidance Case Study 2 - Correct answer An orthodontist hypothesizes a relationship exists between tongue thrust swallowing and the position of anterior teeth. He conducts a study by selecting 35 subjects who have tongue thrust swallowing and a control group of 35 subjects without tongue - trust swallowing. Occlusion was determined using Angle's classification of malocclusion. The overjet of those who had tongue thrust were measured and compared with the corresponding values of the control subjects. The same orthodontist performed all measurements. Results determined that with p < 0.05, overjet measurements were significantly increased in persons with tongue - thrust when compared to persons who did not have tongue - thrust Which study was conducted? - Correct answer Clinical trail Which sampling technique was used to select the subjects? - Correct answer Purposive In this study, which was the independent variable? - Correct answer Tongue - thrust swallowing In this study, which important aspect was achieved by using only one examiner? - Correct answer Intra - examiner reliability Which statistical test is used to test the mean scores of the two groups? - Correct answer Independent t - test Referring to occurrence by chance alone, what does p - Correct answer 5% or less probability
Case Study 3 - Correct answer A community fair was held to provide information to residents regarding issues related to dental health. The dental hygienists organizing the events wanted to determine if the fair had an impact on the attendees' dental knowledge. Attendees were asked to complete a questionnaire prior to visiting five booths and immediately following attendance at the last booth. Ninety - three attendees voluntarily chose to complete the survey. The survey was a 10 - item dental health knowledge questionnaire with each item worth one point. It was administered in a pre - and - post-test design. Questionnaire items were in a true or false format. Each item was scored "1" if answered correctly and "0" if answered incorrectly. Items were totaled and overall pre-test scores were compared with overall post - test scores. Statistical analysis was used to determine the difference between the mean scores (p<.01). The pre-test results revealed a mean score of 6.49 and the post-test score revealed a mean score of 7.91. After reviewing the results the hygienists concluded the dental health fair was a benefit to the community Which study was conducted? - Correct answer Cross - sectional Which sampling technique was used to select the attendees? - Correct answer Convenience In this study, which was the dependent variable? - Correct answer Test scores In this study, which is the independent variable? - Correct answer Dental education Which statistical test measures the mean scores? - Correct answer Dependent t-test Referring to occurrence by chance alone, what does p<.01 indicate? - Correct answer 1% or less probability Case Study 4 - Correct answer City council members are scheduled to listen to concerns of the community at a public meeting regarding fluoride supplementation of city water. The main points of contention within the community revolve around the issues of too much or too little fluoride in the water. In addition, several vocal antifluoridationists declare the city government is forcing medication on them with the fluoridation. The presidents of the local dental hygiene association has been asked to provide the forum with information on the water fluoridation, alternatives to fluoridation, and other community concerns Which level of prevention is water fluoridation? - Correct answer Primary Before January 2011 which is the optimum concentration of fluoride in parts per million (ppm) in community drinking water? - Correct answer 1 Which ethical principle is expressed by the antifluoridationists? - Correct answer Autonomy Which dental index measures dental fluorosis on two or more teeth? - Correct answer Dean's Which United States government agency declared fluoridation of drinking water as one of the ten great public health achievements of the twentieth century? - Correct answer Center for Disease Control and Prevention Which is the most efficacious and cost-effective method of bringing fluoride to a community? - Correct answer Water Fluoridation
Which oral physiotherapy is indicated for a patient with type 1 embrasures? - Correct answer Dental floss The exaggerated inflammatory response of gingival tissues for local irritants that can occur during pregnancy is commonly known as pregnancy gingivitis. this exaggerated response of gingival tissue is due to an increase in the systematic level of the hormone testosterone - Correct answer First statement is true, second is false Where on the learning-ladder continuum does a patient recognize a problem and indicate a tentative inclination toward action? - Correct answer Self interest Where on the learning ladder is the patient motivated to act on the information provided? - Correct answer Involvement Where on the learning ladder continuum does a patient institute a new behavior? - Correct answer Action Dental needles are available in three lengths : long short and ultrashort. the lower the gauge number, the smaller the diameter of the lumen - Correct answer First is true second is false Which is the most common desensitizing agent found over the counter denitrifies? - Correct answer Potassium nitrate Pain threshold is the point at which an uncomfortable stimulus is perceived as painful. Pain tolerance is the maximum amount of pain a person can tolerate. - Correct answer Both are true Which preservative ingredient is in local anesthetic? - Correct answer Sodium bisulfate Which strategy should be implemented for a patient who presents with a sustained bp reading of 160/100 mmhg with no previous hypertension? - Correct answer Postpone treatment and refer patient to physician of record Which oral hygiene index includes all teeth in the assessment and is used for plaque visualization and oral hygiene motivation? - Correct answer O"Leary plaque control record Which is classified as an acquired disability? - Correct answer Multiple sclerosis Which is a developmental disability? - Correct answer Chromosomal abnormality Which should be obtained when physical restraint is recommended for patient safety during a dental procedure? - Correct answer Informed consent Which persons may give consent when presenting a treatment plan fir an incompetent adult? - Correct answer Legal guardian For elective dental procedures in which trimester should be a pregnant patient be treated? - Correct answer Second
When developing oral hygiene instruction for an elderly patient, at what age should the educational material be directed? - Correct answer Functional During a case presentation, which patient visual impairment requires the clinician to be positioned to the patients side? - Correct answer Macular degeneration Which best describes the principle cause of periodontitis? - Correct answer Host response to bacterial plaque biofilm Which bony structure is initially destroyed by the periodontitis? - Correct answer Cortical plate of interdental septum The initial examination of a 45 year old female reveals localized advanced periodontitis. Which is the initial treatment? - Correct answer Nonsurgical periodontal therapy Which periodontal disease does NOT benefit from systemic antibiotic treatment? - Correct answer Localized advanced chronic Which sequence of debridement is recommended for moderate periodontitis? - Correct answer Quadrant scaling and root planning in four treatment appointments At which interval of maintenance treatment, in months does the long term-success of nonsurgical periodontal therapy rely? - Correct answer 3 An assessment of the patients dentition reveals the presence of a large amalgam overhang. radiographic evidence confirms that nearly 2/3 of the interproximal embrassue space is obstructed by amalgam. Which procedure is indicated? - Correct answer Replacement of restoration Which is true regarding sutures? - Correct answer Sutures are always knotted on buccal surfaces Periodontal dressings are used to stop gingival bleeding after periodontal surgery. surgical wounds heal more quickly when protected by a periodontal dressing - Correct answer both are false Which are side effects of locally administered antibiotics? - Correct answer nonexistent Which periodontal probing depth is recorded when the 3 mm mark is just barley covered? - Correct answer 4 The patients periodontal evaluation reveals a localized 6mm probe reading accompanied by 3mm of recession and 1mm of mesiolingual mobility. which figure, in millimeters, represents the clinical attachment loss - Correct answer 9 From which approach is the mesial furcation of tooth 3 examined? - Correct answer Palatal Which assess fremitus? - Correct answer Clinicians index finger
Which communication technique is most beneficial when addressing an ethical concern with the dentist? - Correct answer Provide sound scientific evidence The dental hygienist attempts to view the dentist directive to expose radiographs every 6 months. Which is evident? - Correct answer Empathy Each of the following should be included in a dismissal letter except one. Which one is the exception? - Correct answer Financial details and method of payment Dental professionals who volunteer their time and services for nonprofit are exempt from liability. Dental professionals who treat family members at no charge are giving a gift that is not subject to malpractice action or damage award - Correct answer Both false How long should a minor's record to be kept? - Correct answer Until the child reaches age of majority Which is the best reason to maintain a separate incident file for documenting irrational or belligerent patient behavior? - Correct answer Dentist clinic attorney privileges The dentist cannot be held liable for ask my employees because the patient must prove the dentist new the employee was incompetent - Correct answer The statement is not correct but the reason is correct What is not a purpose for accurate chart documentation? - Correct answer Genetic mapping Two tone disclosing solution is used to assess the patient's overall home care routine. Violet blue pigment stains The lingual surfaces of the mandibular premolars, which are tilted Lingually towards Prominent mandibular Tori.All other tooth surfaces are clean and unstained. Which brushing modification will likely produce an improvement - Correct answer Augment current routine with a child size toothbrush and area specific instructions Which instruction is not recommended for maintenance of a partial denture with clasps? - Correct answer Soak partial denture overnight and a dilute sodium hypo chloride solution Which tooth brushing is most effective for cleaning around fixed orthodontic appliances? - Correct answer Charter A patient in her second trimester of pregnancy experiences severe morning sickness. what should the patient do immediately after vomiting? - Correct answer Rinse mouth thoroughly with a solution of baking soda and water A thorough review of the health history and nutritional analysis indicates the patient is an elevated Risk for developing osteoporosis. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with a loss of mineralize bone tissue? - Correct answer D Which oral finding is indicated of habitual thumb sucking? - Correct answer Extreme overjet of maxillary incisors
Which restorative material provides the greatest compressive strength? - Correct answer Amalgam Which polishing method is the least damaging to enamel? - Correct answer Air powder using sodium bicarbonate and water Which technique produces the most accurate Alginate impression? - Correct answer Mix Alginate powder with cool water Impressions for athletic mouth guards are acquired With removable appliances in place. Athletes should be advised to remove these appliances in participating in sports. - Correct answer the first statement is false amd the second is true Which patient is the best candidate for a aesthetic bleaching? - Correct answer 32 - year-old male with trauma related discoloration in non-vital teeth During sealant placement which angle, and degrees, provides the greatest retention? - Correct answer 45 Which sequence of steps correctly prepares a tooth for sealants placement? - Correct answer Clean, dry, etch, rinse and dry The thin layer of on cured resin which forms on the surface of a newly cured to sealants should be removed with the gauze or a cotton roll because this oxygen-inhibited layer is harmful to the patient - Correct answer The statement is correct but the reason is not Each of the following can be recommended in the fluoride rinse except one. Which one is the exception - Correct answer 4 year-old female with visible heavy plaque and clinical evidence of incipient caries Which instruction supports proper mouth protector athletic (mouth guard) home care? - Correct answer Clean with a toothbrush and liquid soap The operator is caution to close his or her eyes when curing materials because Direct exposure to the intense blue light may damage the retina - Correct answer The statement is not correct but the reason is correct Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is widely used chemotherapeutic rinse proven effective reducing plaque and gingivitis. Chlorhexidine gluconate is effective against gram - positive and gram - negative bacteria - Correct answer Both statements are true Which is NOT a local functional factor that contributes to the retention of dental biofilm? - Correct answer Tooth anatomy Locally administered antimicrobials placed in a periodontally diseased pocket have proven to produce a positive change in the health of the periodontium. Locally administered antimicrobials are designed to be applied in periodontal pockets 5mm or greater - Correct answer Both ture According to the classification system of the American Academy of Periodontology, which classification of periodontal disease is generalized aggressive periodontist? - Correct answer III
Which is true of a phenolic disinfectant? - Correct answer Leaves residue on surfaces Where does the base of a suprabony pocket lie? - Correct answer Above crest of alveolar bone Which ethical principle does informed consent uphold? - Correct answer Autonomy A dental materials resilience estimates the total elastic energy it can absorb before deformation occurs. A dental material's elastic strain represents its stiffness - Correct answer First false, second true A 42 - year - old patient presents to the dental office for periodontal care. The health history indicates she is currently undergoing cancer treatment. which is recorded other than in the patient's disease status information? - Correct answer Patient's appearance due to cancer A 53 year old patient returns to the dental office 5 weeks afternoon periodontal therapy for re - evaluation. Although the tissue response is generally positive, the hygienist notes one area of localized inflammation with bleeding on probing. Which action should the hygienist take? - Correct answer Explore site for residual calculus deposits or plaque retentive factors Which describes the dental hygienist's role in treating a person with ADHD? - Correct answer Allow patient to be involved with appointment and hold suction Under which classification of gingival diseases and conditions is puberty-associated gingivitis found? - Correct answer Plaque- induced Gingival Diseases Modified by Systemic Factors A patient with a short, thick lingual frenum that results in limited tongue movement affecting speech, what is likely the diagnosis of this condition? - Correct answer Ankyloglossia When is tooth eruption complete?When is tooth eruption complete? - Correct answer Tooth has made contact with its antagonist(s)in opposing jaw When does mixed dentition begin? - Correct answer with the eruption of the first permanent tooth Which is the number of successional (succedaneous) teeth in the permanent dentition? - Correct answer 20 - teeth replace primary teeth T/F The junction of a buccal and lingual triangular ridge is a transverse ridge. The oblique ridge of a maxillary molar is an example of a transverse ridge - Correct answer T;F Which factor makes aging enamel less susceptible to caries? - Correct answer Reduced permeability Which groove is the most identifying characteristic of a three-cusp mandibular second premolar? - Correct answer distolingual
True regarding the height of contour of a tooth - Correct answer Greatest elevation of tooth either incisocervically or occlusocervically How many primary and permanent teeth are typically present in an 8 year old child? - Correct answer Fourteen primary; ten permanent teeth Define: the junction of two surfaces of a crown - Correct answer Line angle G.V Black classification that involves the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth including the incised edge or angle - Correct answer IV Which ridge is a unique characteristic of permanent maxillary molars? - Correct answer Oblique Which division of the fifth cranial nerve innervates the TMJ - Correct answer Mandibular Facial paralysis can result from damage to the motor neurons of which cranial nerve? - Correct answer VII(7) Target area for the inferior alveolar nerve block - Correct answer Mandibular foramen on medial surface of mandible Which salivary gland is unencapsulated? - Correct answer Sublingual What type of joint is the temporomandibular? - Correct answer synovial Which peripheral nervous system and subdivision are responsible for a shutdown of salivary gland secretion? - Correct answer Autonomic; sympathetic T/F Destroyed enamel cannot reform since the cells that formed it no longer exists. Cavitated enamel can repair itself by incorporation of calcium and phosphate ions from saliva. - Correct answer T;F Which bacterium is most important in causing the progression of carious lesions? - Correct answer Aciduric- produces acids and can survive in the acidic environment present within a carious lesion Anaerobic bacteria - Correct answer Grow only in the absence of oxygen Which bacterial structure interferes with phagocytosis? - Correct answer Capsule Which bacteria grow best in refrigerated conditions? - Correct answer Psychrophils
Which meal lacks an excellent source of vitamin C - Correct answer Steak, brown rice, corn (broccoli, strawberries, and cantaloupe are good sources) Element found in proteins and NOT carbohydrates - Correct answer Nitrogen Some of vitamin K requirements are met through the synthesis of - Correct answer intestinal bacteria Which vitamin is associated with the deficiency beriberi? - Correct answer Thiamin Which is primarily responsible for pharmaologic metabolism? - Correct answer Liver Which procedure establishes the most definitive diagnosis for oral cancer? - Correct answer Scalpel biopsy A 17 year old presents for third molar evaluation. The panoramic radiograph reveals the apical third of roots #1 and #2 have fused together. Which best defines this anomaly? - Correct answer Concrescence Well circumscribed, raised lesion along the lateral border of the tongue. The lesion is soft, deep purple and measures approx. 2mm in diameter. The patient believes it first appeared accidentally biting the tongue. Which best defines the lesion? - Correct answer Hemangioma Intraoral lesions may occur with each of the following EXCEPT:Basal cell carcinomaKaposi sarcomaChickenpoxInfectious mononucleosis - Correct answer basal cell carcinoma Which infectious disease is NOT caused by coxsackievirus - Correct answer verruca vulgaris- is an oral wart caused by human papilloma virus Which reason does an early symptom of measles appear? - Correct answer buccal mucosa A pregnant women with a freely moveable, deep red tissue mass, which extends from the labial gingival between maxillary right premolars. The surface of the lesion is ulcerated and bleeds easily. A histologic analysis indicated the lesion is composed of connective tissue, capillaries and inflammatory cells. What is this lesion? - Correct answer Pyogenic granuloma A patients buccal mucosa exhibits tiny white nodules connected by slender raised lines in a lace-like pattern. The finding is a clinical manifestation of - Correct answer lichen planus The parents of a 7 year old are concerned by the development of a soft, blue, vesicle-like swelling on the gingiva where tooth #8 is expected to erupt. No significant radiographic finding exist other than the partial eruption of tooth #8. Which course of action is recommended? - Correct answer No treatment is require; the cyst will dissipate naturally Best described the etiology of pemphigus vulgaris? - Correct answer Autoimmune response
The most common tumor of the salivary glands is ranula. A ranula is clinically found on the floor of the mouth. - Correct answer F;T During pregnancy, when do most embryonic cleft malformations occur? - Correct answer First trimester Where is chronic atrophic candidiasis most likely found? - Correct answer Palate- this is also known as denture stomatitis Which description best explains the phenomenon of referred pain? - Correct answer Convergence of sensory nerve impulses
