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1. A set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that presents a systematic view of events in order to explain or predict is known as a a. Concept b. Variable c. Model d. Theory ANSWERV ¥ Theory Which of the following are designed to provide a framework on which health education/promotion can create plans for a program? a. Constructs b. Concepts c. Variables d. Models ANSWERV V Models The primary features of a theory include all of the following except: a. Elements. b. Concepts c. Constructs d. Variables ANSWERV ¥ Elements What differentiates intrapersonal from interpersonal theories is that, interpersonal theories consider: a. Individual's knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs b. Individual's physical environments c. Individual's perceived self-efficacy d. Individual's social environment ANS WER¥ ¥ Individual’s social environment Which of the following models categorizes individuals based upon when they adopt a new behavior? a) Coping Theory b) Diffusion of Innovations Theory c) Community Readiness Model d) Problem-behavior Theory ANSWER¥ ¥ Diffusion of innovations theory 6. The main reason why health education specialists should plan and use programs based upon theory is a) It improves the chances for a successful program. b) Other disciplines use models for planning. c) It is required by most work settings. d) It sounds good. ANSWERV ¥ It improves the chances for a successful program 8. In the Health Belief Model, the reduction of the threat of a disease is made up of a. Perceived susceptibility and severity. b. Perceived susceptibility and barriers. c. Perceived benefits and severity. d. Perceived benefits and barriers. ANSWER ¥ Perceived susceptibility and severity 9. In the Health Belief Model, the threat of disease is made up of a. Perecived susceptibility and severity. b. Perceived blockades and barriers. c. Perceived benefits and barriers. d. Cues to action. ANSWERV ¥ Perceived susceptibility and severity Identify which is an intrapersonal or interpersonal theory. Social cognitive theory ANSWERV ¥ Interpersonal Identify which is an intrapersonal or interpersonal theory. Social network theory ANSWERV ¥ Interpersonal Identify which is an intrapersonal or interpersonal theory. Transtheoretical model ANSWERY ¥ Intrapersonal The concept that identifies the feeling of competency to overcome perceived barriers to act is referred to as a. Perceived benefits. b. Self-determination. c. Self-efficacy. d. Deciding to act. ANSWERV V Self-efficacy A person who registers for a smoking cessation program because he/she 1s really interested in quitting is considered to be in which stage of the Transtheoretical Model of Change? a. Pre-contemplation b. Contemplation c. Maintenance d. Action ANSWERV V Contemplation Using the Theory of Planned Behavior, questions such as: "Do others think you should behave this way?" and "How much do you care what others think?" can be used to measure which construct? a. Attitudes b. Perceived control c. Subjective norms d. Intentions ANSWERV ¥ Subjective norms . According to which theory is a given behavior a function of attitude toward performing the behavior? a. Health Belief Model b. Transtheoretical Model of Change ¢. Theory of Planned Behavior d. Social Cognitive Theory ANSWERV ¥ Theory of planned behavior . The provision of love, empathy, trust and caring is what type of social support? a. Instrumental b. Emotional c. Appraisal d. Informational ANSWERV V Emotional Providing someone with tangible aid and service, such as giving them a ride to the airport, describes what type of social support? a. Instrumental b. Emotional c. Appraisal Unsafe neighborhood ANSWERV ¥ Social determinant Identify each of the following as a health outcome, social determinant, or health behavior: Binge Drinking ANS WERV V Health behavior What would be a harm reduction approach to prevent overdoses from injection drug use? a) Creating safe injection sites where people can inject drugs safely under medicalsupervision b) Providing health education on the harms of drug use c) Referring people who inject drugs to drug rehabilitation treatment programs d) Requiring people who inject drugs to get treatment ANSWERV V Creating safe injection sites where people can inject drugs safely under medical supervision Harm reduction approaches to substance use can be controversial, even among public health professionals. Which of the following reasons is a potential explanation as to why this is? e) Harm reduction goes against abstinent-only approaches f) Harm reduction permits harmful behavior g) Harm reduction can be perceived as encouraging drug use h) Harm reduction does not consider the individual being affected by drug use ANSWERYV ¥V Harm reduction goes against abstinent-only approaches What is the most common reason Mexican immigrants are deported from the United States? i) Committing a violent crime j) Drug-related offenses k) Traffic violations 1) Robbery ANSWERV ¥ Traffic violations Tijuana, Mexico, people who inject drugs are to be IIIV positive if they have been deported from the United States. a) Less likely b) More likely c) Equally likely ANSWERV V More likely Which Presidential Administration is responsible for the highest number of deportations in the history of the United States? In other words, which President deported the most immigrants? d) Biden Administration e) Trump Administration f) Obama Administration. g) Bush Administration ANS WERV ¥ Obama administration ‘The primary means of funding the work of a governmental health agency is through a) fees b) dues c) grants d) tax dollars ANSWERV ¥ D. Tax Dollars The primary means of funding the work of a yoluntary health agency is through a) fees b) dues c) grants d) donations ANSWERV ¥ Donations d) Fees for certain licenses ANSWERV V Government bonds The Indiana State Department of Health is considered a local health agency. ANSWERV J False The Kiwanis Club is an example of a philanthropic foundation. ANSWERY V False The Rockefeller Foundation is an example of a philanthropic organization. ANSWERV JV Truc Harm reduction is a public health approach aimed at reducing the negative consequences of risky behaviors (such as drug use) rather than focusing solely on eliminating the behavior itself. - It is often criticized for being seen as condoning or enabling risky behaviors instead of promoting complete abstinence. ANS WER¥V V Harm Reduction - General Concept, Why Criticized - Deportation can increase HIV risk due to disruptions in healthcare access and social support networks for affected individuals. - Deportation policies can have negative impacts on public health outcomes, including mental health issues and reduced access to essential health services. ANSWERV JV Deportation/HIV Risk/Health Governmental health agencies include international (e.g., World Health Organization), national (e.g., Department of Health and Human Services in the US), state, and local health departments. - Quasi-governmental organizations (e.g., American Red Cross) operate with some official health responsibilities but independently of direct government supervision. - Nongovernmental health agencies (¢.g., American Cancer Society) are funded by private donations or membership dues and operate free from governmental interference. ANSWERVY¥ Agencies and Organizations Associated with Health - Types, Examples, Funding Sourecs Theory in health promotion refers to a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that provide a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables to explain and predict health behaviors or outcomes. ANSWERV / Theory in Health Promotion - Definition Theory is crucial in health promotion as it helps explain behavior, guides behavior change interventions, targets interventions effectively, provides a plan for intervention implementation, aids in intervention evaluation, and incorporates field experiences for continuous refinement. ANSWERV V Importance of Theory Choosing a theory involves considering the behavior or health issue being addressed, identifying relevant determinants and levels of influence, and selecting a theory that aligns with the specific context and goals of the intervention. ANSWER ¥V/ How to Choose a Theory Behaviors can be classified based on their level of influence in the social ecological model (e.g., intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, societal). Determinants are factors that influence behaviors or outcomes and can operate at multiple levels. - Outcomes refer to the results or effects of behaviors or interventions. ANSWERV / Components of Theory that aligns with those factors, and use the theory to guide intervention planning or analysis of the scenario. ANSWERV V Applying Theory or Construct to a Scenario 
