Head and Neck - Anatomy - Lecture Slides, Slides of Dental Anatomy

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The Head and Neck

Upper Respiratory Tract

 Nose  Nostril  Nasal Cavity  Oral Cavity  Pharynx

Vestibule

 Superior to nostrils  Skin lined with:  Sebaceous glands  Greasy secretion  Collect dirt  Lubricate  Kill bacteria  Sweat glands  Acidic  Slows growth of bacteria  Hair follicles  Trap small particles of dirt  Vibrissae  Nose hairs  Filter large particles (insects)

Nasal Cavity

Functions: Provides airway for respiration Moistens and warms air Filters inhaled air Resonating chamber for speech Houses olfactory receptors 2 divisions: External nose Internal nasal cavity

Nasal Cavity

 Boundries: Roof – ethmoid bone (cribiform plate) Floor – maxilla (palatine process) palatine (horizontal plate) Lateral walls – nasal bones, superior and middle nasal conchae of ethmoid bone, inferior nasal conchae, maxilla, palatine bone

 Hard palate Palatine bones and maxillary bone

 Soft palate Skeletal muscle posterior portion End in uvula

Lining of the Nasal Cavity

 Respiratory Mucosa  Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium  Goblet cells  Lamina propria  Mucous and serous cells  Venous plexus  Function is to filter and warm inhaled air  Highly innervated  Sneeze!  Olfactory Mucosa  Roof of nasal cavity  Houses smell receptors  No goblet cells  Cilia modified for olfaction

Paranasal Sinuses

 Air filled cavities that surround the nasal cavity  Lined by mucosa  Perform same function as nasal cavity and lightens skull  Located in Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Maxilla bones

Pharynx

 Connects the nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus  Extends from base of skull to level of C 6 vertebra  Common passage for food and air  Lined with skeletal muscle  Divided into: Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Nasopharynx

 Location:  Posterior to nasal cavity  Inferior to sphenoid bone  Superior to level of soft palate  ONLY an air passageway  Closed off during swallowing by the soft palates’ uvula  Giggling!  Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium  Contain:  Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)  Tubal tonsils

Oropharynx

 Location:  Posterior to the oral cavity  Extends inferiorly from level of the soft palate to level of the esophagus  Swallowed food and inhaled air pass through here  Stratified squamous epithelium  Contain:  Palatine tonsils  Lingual tonsils

Larynx

 “Voice box”  Extends from C 4 to C 6  Attachments: Hyoid bone superiorly Continuous with trachea inferiorly  Functions: Vocalization Provides open airway Switches to route air and food into proper channels  Innervation: Vagus  Superior part = stratified squamous epithelium  Below vocal cords= ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Larynx

 All hyaline cartilage except epiglottis  Composed of 9 cartilages connected by membranes and ligaments:  1 Thyroid  1 Cricoid  1 Epiglottis  2 Arytenoid  2 Corniculate  2 Cuneiform

Laryngeal Cartilages

 Cricoid Inferior to thyroid cartilage Forms a complete ring Directly superior to trachea

Laryngeal Cartilages

 Epiglottis Composed of elastic cartilage Covered by mucosa Projects upward from anterior wall of laryngeal inlet to level of base of tongue Close off larynx during swallowing