Transaction and Concurrency
Database System
Informatics Engineering
Gunadarma University
2024
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Transactions and Concurrency Control in Database Systems, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Database Management Systems (DBMS)
An in-depth exploration of transactions and concurrency control, essential concepts in database management systems. It explains the acid properties, transaction states, and concurrency control techniques such as lock-based, timestamp-based, and multiversion concurrency control. The document also covers conflict resolution mechanisms and deadlock detection and resolution strategies. With practical examples, it demonstrates how these concepts can be applied in a banking system context to ensure data integrity and consistency in multi-user environments.
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2023/2024
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Transaction and Concurrency
Database System
Informatics Engineering
Gunadarma University
Introduction to Transactions: A transaction is a logical unit of work that consists of one or more database operations. It is an essential concept in database management systems (DBMS) to ensure data integrity and consistency. Transactions follow the ACID properties:
- Atomicity: A transaction is atomic, meaning it either completes successfully and commits all changes, or it fails and rolls back all changes.
- Consistency: Transactions bring the database from one consistent state to another consistent state.
- Isolation: Transactions operate independently of each other, and their intermediate states are not visible to other transactions until they are committed.
- Durability: Once a transaction is committed, its changes are permanent and survive system failures. Concurrency Control: Concurrency control ensures that multiple transactions can execute concurrently without interfering with each other. It prevents issues like lost updates, dirty reads, and inconsistent analysis. Key Concepts in Transactions and Concurrency Control:
- Transaction States: o Active: The initial state of a transaction when it is executing. o Partially Committed: The transaction has executed all its operations successfully, but has not yet been committed. o Committed: The transaction has completed successfully, and its changes are made permanent. o Failed: The transaction has encountered an error and cannot be completed. o Aborted: The transaction has failed and rolled back all its changes.
- Lock-Based Concurrency Control: o Before executing the transaction, acquire exclusive locks on the affected accounts to prevent other transactions from accessing them simultaneously. o Release locks after the transaction is committed or rolled back.
- Deadlock Detection and Resolution: o Implement deadlock detection mechanisms to identify cycles in the transaction wait- for graph. o Resolve deadlocks by aborting one of the involved transactions to break the cycle. Conclusion: Transactions and concurrency control are fundamental concepts in database management systems for ensuring data integrity and consistency in multi-user environments. By understanding transaction states, concurrency control techniques, and conflict resolution mechanisms, you can design and implement robust database systems that support concurrent access and maintain data consistency. Practice implementing transactions and concurrency control in various scenarios to reinforce your understanding.