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George Kelly's Personal Construct Theory, Study notes of Personality Psychology

University of Saint La Salle (USLS)Personality Psychology

George Kelly's Personal Construct Theory

Typology: Study notes

2018/2019

Uploaded on 09/06/2023

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GEORGE KELLY’S PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY
Who is George Kelly?
Father of Cognitive Clinical Psychology
Born: April 28, 1905, in a farm near Perth, Kansas.
Parents: Theodore Vincent Kelly & Elefelda Merriam Kelly
Education:
Early Education – homeschooled by parents
Wichita, Kansas- at 13, formal education
Friends University Academy- college at 16
- bachelor’s degree major in mathematics and physics in 1926
University of Iowa- completed his PHD in 1931
1927- taught Psychology in Sheldon Junior College Iowa
Slide 1:
Good day??? Doc Gerry and to our classmates. I am Joyce Christine Castañeda and my partner
Shaye Ann Santiago will be discussing George Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory. And I hope
that you guys are ready with your snacks and drinks because this theory has a lot in store for you
all.
To start we will get to know the person behind the Personal Construct Theory which is George
Kelly.
Slide 2:
George Kelly is actually a father of cognitive clinical psychology who was born on April 28,
1905, in a farm near Perth, Kansas. His parents were both farmers, Theodore Vincent Kelly and
Elefelda Merriam Kelly. His early education was limited as he was taught by his parents. At 13,
he started his formal education, in Wichita, Kansas. Then he attended college when he was 16 at
Friends University Academy and earned his bachelor’s degree major in mathematics and physics
in 1926. On the year 1927, he taught psychology in Sheldon Junior College Iowa. In 1931, he
completed his PHD in Psychology in University of Iowa.
Slide 3:
To give you an overview of the Personal Construct Theory, I will pass the mic to Shaye.
Good day once again to everyone.
So what is the Personal Construct theory? (
Slide 4)
George Kelly’s Personal Construct theory addresses psychological reasons for actions.
He proposed that people have personal constructs.
But first, what is a construct? Construct is an intellectual hypotheses that people use to interpret
or explain life events. It must be dichotomous because something can only be labeled as a
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GEORGE KELLY’S PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY

Who is George Kelly? Father of Cognitive Clinical Psychology Born: April 28, 1905, in a farm near Perth, Kansas. Parents: Theodore Vincent Kelly & Elefelda Merriam Kelly Education: Early Education – homeschooled by parents Wichita, Kansas- at 13, formal education Friends University Academy- college at 16

  • bachelor’s degree major in mathematics and physics in 1926 University of Iowa- completed his PHD in 1931 1927- taught Psychology in Sheldon Junior College Iowa Slide 1: Good day??? Doc Gerry and to our classmates. I am Joyce Christine Castañeda and my partner Shaye Ann Santiago will be discussing George Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory. And I hope that you guys are ready with your snacks and drinks because this theory has a lot in store for you all. To start we will get to know the person behind the Personal Construct Theory which is George Kelly. Slide 2: George Kelly is actually a father of cognitive clinical psychology who was born on April 28, 1905, in a farm near Perth, Kansas. His parents were both farmers, Theodore Vincent Kelly and Elefelda Merriam Kelly. His early education was limited as he was taught by his parents. At 13, he started his formal education, in Wichita, Kansas. Then he attended college when he was 16 at Friends University Academy and earned his bachelor’s degree major in mathematics and physics in 1926. On the year 1927, he taught psychology in Sheldon Junior College Iowa. In 1931, he completed his PHD in Psychology in University of Iowa. Slide 3: To give y ou an overview of the Personal Construct Theory, I will pass the mic to Shaye. Good day once again to everyone. So what is the Personal Construct theory? ( Slide 4) George Kelly’s Personal Construct theory addresses psychological reasons for actions. He proposed that people have personal constructs. But first, what is a construct? Construct is an intellectual hypotheses that people use to interpret or explain life events. It must be dichotomous because something can only be labeled as a

construct if there is an opposite to compare it to. For example, your friend can only be honest if you know what a dishonest person looks like. Going back to personal constructs, these are the ways of explaining and interpreting events. It's also the key to predicting behaviors. These constructs are subject to change as there is a need to adapt to different situations or events that happen in our lives. A personal construct is a person’s own theory on how the world works which is based on his/her experiences. (SLide 5) Kelly also believed that we are like scientists because we act like one whenever we decide on something. We observe the situation, we ask questions to ourselves, we assume or hypothesize, we act on that decision and we learn from what we did. Anticipation & prediction governs our mind according to Kelly. Kelly said that our differences among each other are the way we predict and interpret events around us. For the next slide, Joyce will be discussing the ideas of this theory. OVERVIEW ● addresses psychological reasons for actions. ● people have personal constructs , ○ Constructs ■ intellectual hypotheses that we use to intepret or explain life events. ■ must be dichotomous because something can only be labeled as that thing if there is an opposite to compare it too. ○ Personal Constructs

  • ways of explaining and interpreting events
  • key to predicting behaviors.
  • can change
  • a person’s individual/personal theory of how the world work sbased on his/her experiences ● We are like scientists. We observe, ask questions, formulate hypothesis, test them and draw conclusions. ● anticipation and prediction are the main drivers of our mind ● The differences between people are the different ways we predict and interpret events in the world around us. Constructive Alternativism
  • One true reality idea
  • Reality experience from 1 perspective Personal Constructs
  • Everyone creates their own view of the world Basic Postulate

Sixth is the Range Corollary, a corollary that refers to a Range of convenience. A construct is convenient for the anticipation of a finite range of events only. Every personal construct has a range or limitation, and few, if any, are relevant to all events. different construct cannot be encompassing with each other, there must be a boundary. For the remaining corollaries, Joyce will be the one to discuss, Joyce take it away :D Thank you Shaye, now let us continue with the corollaries. The seventh corollary is experience which doesn’t only explain experience but also learning. A person’s construction system varies as he successively construes the replications of events. As we apply constructs in our efforts to predict what happens in our lives, we sometimes experience unexpected outcomes. As a result, we reconstruct our constructs, and learn from our experiences. We learn from our past experiences and mistakes The eigth corollary is modulation where a person adapts to experience. The variation in a person’s construction system is limited by the permeability of the constructs within whose range of convenience the variants lie. This corollary assumes that the extent of which people revise their constructs is related to the degree of permeability of their existing constructs. A simple explanation of this is that people who have constructs that are set in stone are hard to permeate but clay-like constructs are easy to mold The ninth is Fragmentation Corollary which refers to Incompatible Constructs. A person may successively employ a variety of construction subsystems which are inferentially incompatible with each other. This corollary extends from the previous one, but with a twist. As an individual encounters unexpected events, they modify their constructs to the extent that they are able. Thus, their behavior may change slowly, or more quickly, depending on the nature of the constructs that guide their openness to change. tenth is Commonality Corollary which mentions Similarities among people. To the extent that one person employs a construction of experience which is similar to that employed by another, his psychological processes are similar to those of the other person. This is important for interpersonal relations. Even though two people cannot experience the same event in exactly the same way, they understand each other and the event through similar experiences. And the las corollary is the Sociality Corollary which pertains to Social Processes. To the extent that one person construes the construction processes of another, he may play a role in a social process involving the other person. Our ability to predict and control our lives is largely based on our ability to predict and either control or work with other people. 11 Corollaries 1) Construction Corollary Similarities among events A person anticipates events by construing their replications. Construing- placing an interpretation upon an event.

  1. Individuality Corollary Differences among people

Persons differ from each other in their construction of events. No matter how closely associated two people are, they cannot play exactly the same role in any situation.

  1. Organization Corollary Relationships among constructs Each person characteristically evolves, for his convenience in anticipating events, a construction system embracing ordinal relationships between constructs. When faced with conflict, there may be solutions that contradict one another. 4) Dichotomy Corollary Dichotomy of constructs A person’s construction system is composed of a finite number of dichotomous constructs. 5) Choice Corollary Choice between dichotomies A person chooses for himself that alternative in a dichotomized construct through which he anticipates the greater possibility for extension and definition of his system.
  2. Range Corollary
  • Range of convenience A construct is convenient for the anticipation of a finite range of events only Every personal construct has a range or limitation, and few, if any, are relevant to all events 7) Experience Corollary
  • Experience and Learning A person’s construction system varies as he successively construes the replications of events. 8) Modulation Corollary
  • Adaptation to experience The variation in a person’s construction system is limited by the permeability of the constructs within whose range of convenience the variants lie. assumes that the extent of which people revise their constructs is related to the degree of permeability of their existing constructs.
  1. Fragmentation Corollary
  • Incompatible Constructs A person may successively employ a variety of construction subsystems which are inferentially incompatible with each other. As an individual encounters unexpected events, they modify their constructs to the extent that they are able. their behavior may change slowly, or more quickly, depending on the nature of the constructs that guide their openness to change.
  1. Commonality Corollary

● Problems in life are caused when individuals can’t transition from an ineffective construct to an effective construct ● Major problems are psychological phenomena of threat , fear , guilt , and anxiety. ○ Threat - experienced when they perceive that the stability of their basic constructs might be shaken ○ Fear - like threat but more specific and incidental ○ Guilt - Kelly defined guilt as “the sense of having lost one’s core role structure” ○ Anxiety - Kelly defined anxiety as “ the recognition that the events with which one is confronted lie outside the range of convenience of one’s construct system.”

  1. Psychotherapy
    • people should be free to choose those courses of action most consistent with their prediction of events Now that you’ve known the ideas, concepts, and applications of the personal construct theory, I will now talk about the advantages and disadvantages of this theory. The advantages of the personal construct theory is that we see the world through our own "lens" of our constructs. This theory helps predict and anticipate events, which influences our actions, feelings, and thoughts. It uncovers indirect knowledge, which is used by individuals in everyday life. It also Explains observations and experiences. This theory is a widely used method for studying personal and interpersonal systems of meaning. This is Used to assess the meaning systems of clients in psychotherapy, and the changes over the course of treatment. This is Useful for identifying how ‘tightly’ or ‘loosely’ a given person's meaning system is organized, as revealed. As we can see this theory has many advantages, but there are also some disadvantages to this theory. This doesn’t use classification methods like trait theories. It cannot assist an individual in receiving additional help, such as if they need to be classified to receive help with a split personality. It does not divide agency and structure. It often actively resists change. For the next slide, Shaye will be talking about the theory’s strengths & criticisms and its concepts of humanity. Advantages ● We see the world through the "lens" of our constructs. ● Helps predict and anticipate events, which influences our actions, feelings, and thoughts. ● uncovers indirect knowledge, which is used by individuals in everyday life. ● Explains observations and experiences. ● Widely used method for studying personal and interpersonal systems of meaning. ● Used to assess the meaning systems of clients in psychotherapy, and the changes over the course of treatment. ● Useful for identifying how ‘tightly’ or ‘loosely’ a given person's meaning system is organized, as revealed. Disadvantages

● Has flaws because it does not use classification methods like trait theories do. ● It cannot assist an individual in receiving additional help, such as if they need to be classified to receive help with a split personality. ● does not divide agency and structure. ● often actively resist change. The strengths of this theory is that it is appropriate for social psychology. It is aligned in clinical work. In research, this theory is qualitative. And this has an optimistic view. However, Kelly did not explain where constructs came from on how people develop different systems of construction. It is also Less influential because the information from this theory can’t be generalized to wider populations This theory promotes free choice and is optimistic because every person has their own view or construct of the world. It is under teleology because this theory anticipates future events. It is conscious because people are aware of what they do. The personal construct of a person depends on how he/she was nurtured but at the same time he/she also learns from the environment which can influence the personal construct. The personal construct differs from one person to another but two or more persons exchange experiences with each other so that they can relate. Strengths ● appropriately fitting in social psychology ● Aligned in clinical work ● In research, this theory is qualitative ● Optimistic view Weaknesses ● George Kelly did not explain where constructs came from on how people develop different systems of construction ● Less influential because the information from this theory can’t be generalized to wider populations Concepts of Humanity ● Free choice ● Optimistic ● Teleology ● Conscious with a mix of unconscious ● Both Biological & social influences ● Uniqueness & universality And this concludes George Kelly’s theory on Personal Construct. Again this is Joyce, and this is Shaye. Thank you for listening to our discussion. (both)