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Moral Experience and Development: An Examination of Ethics and Moral Principles, Study notes of Ethics

Southwestern University (SWU)Ethics

This document delves into the concept of moral experience, exploring its role in shaping one's moral consciousness and decision-making. It discusses the nature of morality, ethics, and beliefs, and the sources of these principles. The text also covers moral dilemmas, moral actions, and moral development, including kohlberg's stages of moral development and giligan's critique. This study is valuable for understanding the complexities of moral reasoning and the development of moral principles throughout life.

Typology: Study notes

2022/2023

Available from 04/16/2024

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hestia-maddox 🇵🇭

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MORAL EXPERIENCE
-An
experience of moral value
such that one’s moral consciousness comes to work as one is called to
make a
moral response.
-Experience is a generic term in the sense that whatever affects a person can be called an ‘
experience
’. It can
be an emotion like love or hatred.It can be active or passive like love for afriend or love of a friend. One can
speak of one’s progress in studies as ‘knowledge experience.’ Any experience
leaves behind an impression or
memory.
Such impressions or memories cumulatively add up to one’s experience. The totality of such
experiences contributes to the
formation of a human personality.
Morality
Ethics
Meaning
Beliefs held by an
individualorgroupastodo what
is right and wrong.
Guiding principles held by an
individual or group to decide
(know) what is good or bad.
Nature
Cultural framework and
principles for assessing and
doing what is right or wrong.
Normative standards of behavior
pertaining to the ideal code of
conduct of human beings
Source
Culture, values, and principles
inherited from families and
communities, as well as
religion (Christianity,
Buddhism).
Legal and institutional norms
(ethical frameworks such as
Virtue Ethics,
Utilitarianism,Deontology)created
by society.
Focus
Doing what is right
Knowing what is right
Moral Dilemmas and Moral Development
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MORAL EXPERIENCE

-Anexperience of moral value such that one’s moral consciousness comes to work as one is called tomake a moral response. -Experience is a generic term in the sense that whatever affects a person can be called an ‘experience’. It can be an emotion like love or hatred.It can be active or passive like love for a friend or love of a friend. One can speak of one’s progress in studies as ‘knowledge experience.’ Any experienceleaves behind an impression or memory. Such impressions or memories cumulatively add up to one’s experience. The totality of such experiences contributes to theformation of a human personality. Morality Ethics Meaning Beliefs held by an individualorgroupastodo what is right and wrong. Guiding principles held by an individual or group to decide (know) what is good or bad. Nature Cultural framework and principles for assessing and doing what is right or wrong. Normative standards of behavior pertaining to the ideal code of conduct of human beings Source Culture, values, and principles inherited from families and communities, as well as religion (Christianity, Buddhism). Legal and institutional norms (ethical frameworks such as Virtue Ethics, Utilitarianism,Deontology)created by society. Focus Doing what is right Knowing what is right

Moral Dilemmas and Moral Development

 MORAL PRINCIPLES

Associated with a fixed set of rules that ignores the complexities of the situation and fails to adapt one’s behavior to changing circumstances. It is a general sense ofwhat ought to be done. Moral principles can then be regarded asstatements picking out those factors of situations that can be appealed to as moral lesson.  DILEMMAS

  • Experiences where an agent is confused about the right decision to make because there are several competing values that are seemingly equally important and urgent.
  1. Personal Dilemma. An extremely difficult situation for someone to handle. It can be moral or non moral. Examples: •A child choosing where to live when parents are separated, with his/her mother or father. (non-moral) •A member of the family decides to steal bread or starve to death.(moral)
  2. Moral Dilemma. Any difficult moral problems that raise hard moral questions.It occurs when one moral reason conflicts with another, nor normally conflict with religious or aesthetic reasons. A moral reason is a requirement just in case it would be morally wrong not to act on it without an adequate justification. Features: •The agent is required todo each of two or more actions. •The agentcan do each of the actions, but they cannot do both or all the actions at the same time. •The agent seemscondemned to moral failure; no matter what s/he does, s/he will do something wrong or fail to do something that he ought to do.  MORAL ACTIONS –For an action to be morally good, all three determinants must be complete. A lack, in any of them, will, at least in a qualified way, make the morality of the act to be bad.
  3. Object of the Act. Refers to the objective moral character of the act. There are actions that are objectively in conformity or not in conformity, thus, actions in conformity or not in conformity are objectively good or evil as such (e.g., Murder is objectively wrong because it messes with reality and social order).
  4. Intention of the Act. Refers to thepurpose or motive of the act,the ends should always justify the means. All intentions should be inconformity to the objective truth.
  5. Circumstance of the Act. Refers to theconditions/elements of the act (time and place) that will modify its morality. The who, what, when, and where of actions are bearing on the goodness or badness of the action because they canincrease or decrease the degree of goodness or evil in the act.