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Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Define Stress - correct answer the nonspecific response of the body to any demand placed on it The adjustment or response to stress can be: - correct answer Physical, mental or emotional Adaptation is defined as - correct answer restoration of homeostasis to the internal environmental system Adaptive behavior is viewed as behavior that - correct answer maintains the integrity of the individual with a timely return to equilibrium Adaptive behavior is viewed as positive and is correlated with - correct answer a healthy response Maladaptive behavior - correct answer disrupts the integrity of the individual, negative Stressor - correct answer a demand placed on the body to adapt
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Stressors causes physical or emotional tension and may be a factor in what? - correct answer the etiology of certain illnesses Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome occurs in ____ stages. - correct answer Three What are the 3 stages of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome? - correct answer Alarm reaction stage, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion Alarm reaction stage - correct answer fight or flight syndrome initiated, sympathetic nervous system, symptoms include increase in heart rate and respirations and may include headache, sweaty palms and sensation of dizziness Stage of resistance - correct answer Body's attempt to react to stressor, symptoms may disappear if adaptation occurs Stage of exhaustion - correct answer symptoms do not disappear, body is
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Weakness to the Miller and Rahe tool (a tool used to measure stress - correct answer it does not consider the individual's personal perception of the event and his or her coping strategies and available support systems at the time of the life change. precipitating event - correct answer a stimulus arising from the internal or external environment and perceived by the individual in a specific manner. Depends on cognitive appraisal or perception Primary appraisal may be _________, ________ or ___________. - correct answer irrelevant, benign-positive, stressful Secondary appraisal includes assessment and evaluation by the individual of ____________, ____________ and _____________ to deal with the stressful situation - correct answer skills, resources, knowledge Predisposing factors - correct answer influence how an individual perceives and responds to a stressful event.
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Predisposing factors include: - correct answer genetics, past experiences, and existing conditions Stress management - correct answer the use of coping strategies in the response to stressful situations Adaptive and coping strategies protect the person from harm and restore ________________ _____________. - correct answer overall homeostasis Examples of adaptive coping strategies - correct answer developing awareness, relaxation, meditation, interpersonal communication with caring other, problem solving, pets, music, and others. Benjamin Rush - correct answer first to include kindness as part of treatment, which included exercise, socialization, bloodletting, purging, physical restraints and extreme temperatures
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms and interfere with the individual's social occupational or physical functioning. Adaptation is determined - correct answer by the extent to which the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interfere with an individual's functioning. #1 prescribed medication for anxiety? - correct answer Benzodiazepines #2 prescribed medication for anxiety? - correct answer Anti-depressants Is anxiety common in our society? - correct answer EXTREMELY common Peplau's 4 levels of anxiety - correct answer mild, moderate, severe, panic Peplau's Mild level of anxiety - correct answer seldom a problem
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Peplau's moderate level of anxiety - correct answer perceptual field diminishes. Attention span decreases Peplau's severe level of anxiety - correct answer perceptual field is so diminished that concentration centers on one detail only or on many extraneous details. Headaches, heart palpitations, insomnia Peplau's panic level of anxiety - correct answer most intense state. Functioning ineffective, hallucinations Mild adaption to stress responses - correct answer eating, drinking, sleeping, exercise, smoking, crying, laughing, and talking it out Mild to moderate ego defense - correct answer denial, displacement, projection, repression, and suppression Moderate to severe level of anxiety that remains unresolved over long period can contribute to physiological disorders such as: -
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Denial stage of Kubler-Ross stages of grief - correct answer stage of shock and disbelief. It is a protective mechanism that allows person to cope in immediate time frame while organizing more effective defense strategies. Anger stage of Kubler-Ross stages of grief - correct answer envy and resentment toward persons not affected by loss are common. Anger can be directed toward self, others, even God Bargaining stage of Kubler-Ross stages of grief - correct answer making deals to reverse or delay the loss. Usually made with God. Depression stage of Kubler-Ross stages of grief - correct answer during this stage the full impact of the loss is experienced. The sense of loss is intense and feelings of sadness and depression Acceptance stage of Kubler-Ross stages of grief - correct answer the final stage brings feelings of peace regarding the loss
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Prolonged response is a ______________ grief response, when grief occurs for a long time. - correct answer maladaptive If a person is fixed in the denial grief stage they are experiencing a - correct answer delayed/inhibited response which is a maladaptive grief response If a person if fixed in another grief stage they are experiencing - correct answer a distorted response, all normal behaviors are exaggerated in this phase The DSM-IV Multiaxial Evaluation System - correct answer AXIX I - V The DSM-IV Multiaxial Evaluation System AXIX I - correct answer ... The DSM-IV Multiaxial Evaluation System AXIX I - correct answer Clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention. This includes all mental disorders (except personality disorders and mental retardation.
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Bioethics - correct answer term applied to ethics when they refer to concepts within the scope of medicine, nursing, and allied health. Utilitarianism - correct answer an ethical theory that promotes action based on the end result that produces the most good (happiness) for the most people. Greatest Happiness Principle Kantianism - correct answer suggests that decisions and actions are bound by a sense of duty. Often called the deontology which means "that which is binding; duty") Opposite utilitarianism Christian Ethics - correct answer unto others as you would have them do unto you. The Golden Rule Natural law theories - correct answer do good and avoid evil. Human knowledge of the difference between good and evil directs decision making.
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Ethical egoism - correct answer decisions are based on what is best for the individual making the decision. Autonomy - correct answer emphasizes the status of persons as autonomous moral agents whose rights to determine their destinies should always be respected Beneficence - correct answer to one's duty to benefit or promote the good of others Nonmaleficence - correct answer abstaining from negative acts toward another, includes acting carefully to avoid harm Justice - correct answer based on the notion of a hypothetical social contract between free, equal, and rational persons. The concept of justice reflects a duty to treat all individuals equally and fairly. Veracity - correct answer refers to one's duty to always be truthful
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Model for making ethical decisions Evaluation - correct answer Evaluate outcomes Ethical issues - correct answer patients have the right to refuse medication, the right to the least restrictive treatment alternative, provide freedom as much as possible, patients have these rights unless dangerous to themselves or others Legal considerations - correct answer Nurse Practice Act defines the legal parameters of the professional and practical nursing. Types of Law: - correct answer Statutory Law and Common Law Statutory law - correct answer enacted by state Common law - correct answer decisions from previous cases
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Civil Law - correct answer Protects the private and property rights of the individuals and businesses Torts - correct answer a violation of civil law in which an individual has been wronged. Contracts - correct answer in a contract action, one party asserts that the other party, in failing to fulfill an obligation, has breached the contract, and either compensation or performance of the obligation is sought as remedy. Criminal law - correct answer provides protection from conduct deemed injurious to the public welfare Confidentiality and Rights to Privacy - correct answer HIPPA, Doctrine of privileged communication, exception: a duty to warn Informed Consent - correct answer preservation and protection of individual autonomy in determining what will and will not happen to the person's body.
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Nursing Liability - Negligence - correct answer failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would have exercised in a similar situation; any conduct that falls below the legal standard established to protect others against unreasonable risk of harm, except for conduct that is intentionally, wantonly, or willfully disregardful of others' rights. Breach of confidentiality lawsuit - correct answer revealing aspects about a client's case, or even letting it be known that the person has been hospitalized. Defamation of character lawsuit - correct answer Libel-written, Slander-spoken Nursing Liability - Invasion of privacy - correct answer client is searched without probable cause Nursing Liability - Assault - correct answer fear or apprehension that person will be touched without consent. Battery- unconsented touching of another person.
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Nursing Liability - Battery - correct answer un-consented touching of another person. How to avoid liability - correct answer respond to the client, educate, comply with standards of care, adhere to the nursing process, document carefully, follow up as required, develop and maintain a good interpersonal relationship with client and family Therapeutic relationship - correct answer an interaction between 2 people (usually a caregiver and a care receiver) in which input from both participants contributes to a climate of healing, growth promotion, and illness prevention. Peplau identified 6 sub roles within the role of the nurse - correct answer The stranger, the resource person, the teacher, the leader, the surrogate, the counselor Peplau's stranger sub role within the role of nursing - correct answer in the beginning, nurse and client are strangers to each other: accept the client as they are and treat the client as emotionally able and relate on this basis until evidence shows other wise
