Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam 2024, Exams of Nursing

Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam 2024

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 03/23/2024

david-ndembu
david-ndembu 🇬🇧

5

(3)

350 documents

1 / 27

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam
2024
1. what principles does the Code of Nursing Ethics include? - ANSWERs advocacy,
responsibility, accountability, & confidentiality
2. primary prevention - ANSWERs Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever
occurring.
3. Ex. Health education programs, nutritional programs, and physical fitness
activities.
4. secondary prevention - ANSWERs focuses on preventing the spread of disease,
illness, or infection once it occurs.
5. Ex: screening techniques and treating early stages of disease to limit disability.
6. teritiary prevention - ANSWERs occurs when a defect or disability is permanent
and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or
disability by interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration.
7. Ex: a patient with a spinal cord injury undergoes rehabilitation to learn how to use
a wheelchair and perform activities of daily living independently.
8. How often should a bed bound patient be repositioned? - ANSWERs Every 2
hours
9. All four side rails up at one time can be considered a - ANSWERs restraint
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b

Partial preview of the text

Download Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam 2024 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam

  1. what principles does the Code of Nursing Ethics include? - ANSWERs advocacy, responsibility, accountability, & confidentiality
  2. primary prevention - ANSWERs Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
  3. Ex. Health education programs, nutritional programs, and physical fitness activities.
  4. secondary prevention - ANSWERs focuses on preventing the spread of disease, illness, or infection once it occurs.
  5. Ex: screening techniques and treating early stages of disease to limit disability.
  6. teritiary prevention - ANSWERs occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration.
  7. Ex: a patient with a spinal cord injury undergoes rehabilitation to learn how to use a wheelchair and perform activities of daily living independently.
  8. How often should a bed bound patient be repositioned? - ANSWERs Every 2 hours
  9. All four side rails up at one time can be considered a - ANSWERs restraint
  1. what type of precautions should you take with a patient who has C.difff? - ANSWERs Contact precautions and always wash your hands with soap and water.
  2. two components that are critical to the nursing process: - ANSWERs critical thinking and clinical judgement
  3. what are the 5 stages of Benner's Theory of nursing proficiency? - ANSWERs 1. Novice
    1. Advanced beginner
    1. Competent
    1. Proficient
    1. Expert
  4. when did the ANA establish Center for Ethics & Human Rights - ANSWERs 1990
  5. who regulates the scope of nursing practice? - ANSWERs the state board of nursing
  6. professional nursing organizations seek to: A. improve standards of practice. B. expand nursing roles. C. improve the welfare of nurses in specialty areas. D. all of the above. - ANSWERs D. all of the above.
  1. C. Pharmacist
  2. D. Registered Nurse
  3. A nurse is acquainting a group of newly licensed nurses with the roles of the various members of the health care team they will encounter on a medical-surgical unit. When providing examples of the types of tasks certified nursing assistants (CNAs) can perform, which of the following client activities should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Bathing B. Ambulating C. Toileting D. Determining pain level E. Measuring vital signs - ANSWERs A. Bathing
  4. B. Ambulating
  5. C. Toileting
  6. E. Measuring vital signs
  7. What is the definition of Health - ANSWERs A state of complete physical, mental, & social well-being, NOT merely the absence of disease or infirmity. A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, & lifestyle
  8. under what category of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs does oxygen, fluid, nutrition, and vital signs fall? - ANSWERs physiological (basic needs).
  9. health promotion - ANSWERs Helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health. (e.g., fitness instructor)
  1. illness prevention - ANSWERs Protects people from actual or potential threats to health (e.g. vaccines).
  2. what are the three levels of prevention - ANSWERs primary, secondary, and tertiary
  3. You will use the concept of primary prevention when instructing a client to: A. get a flu shot every year. B. take a blood pressure reading every day. C. explore hiring a client with a known disability. D. undergo physical therapy following a cerebrovascular accident. - ANSWERs A. get a flu shot every year.
  4. What are risk factors? - ANSWERs •Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an illness or accident
  5. What are some examples of risk factors? - ANSWERs •Nonmodifiable risk factors (e.g. age)
  6. •Modifiable risk factors (e.g., smoking)
  7. •Environment (e.g., urban vs rural)
  8. illness - ANSWERs A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
  9. what is infection? - ANSWERs Results when a pathogen invades tissues & begins growing within a host
  10. colonization - ANSWERs Presence & growth of microorganisms within a host without tissue invasion or damage
  1. Nutritional status
  2. Stress
  3. Disease process
  4. HIGHER than normal WBC's indicate: - ANSWERs Infection or inflammation
  5. LOWER than normal WBC's indicate: - ANSWERs leukopenia: an autoimmune disorder that destroys white blood cells
  6. bone marrow problems
  7. cancer
  8. Nursing process in order: - ANSWERs assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
  9. reflection - ANSWERs Purposefully reviewing a situation to discover its purpose or meaning
  10. What does S.M.A.R.T stand for when relating to goals? - ANSWERs specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time based.
  11. what is the #1 nursing injury? - ANSWERs back strain
  12. what is the normal range for potassium? - ANSWERs 3.5-5.1 mEq/L
  13. what is the normal range for calcium? - ANSWERs 8.2-10.2 mg/dL
  14. what is the normal range for hemoglobin? - ANSWERs 12 - 16 g/dL in females
  15. 12 - 18 g/dL in males
  16. what is the normal range for albumin? - ANSWERs 3.5-5.0 g/dL
  17. what is the normal range for hematocrit? - ANSWERs 37-48% female
  18. 45 - 52% male
  19. How to calculate BMI: - ANSWERs ▪weight (kg) ÷ height (m2)
  1. lab values to assess pertaining to nutrition - ANSWERs ▪cholesterol, triglycerides,
  2. ▪ hemoglobin,
  3. ▪ electrolytes,
  4. ▪ Albumin (long term), prealbumin (short term),
  5. ▪ transferrin, lymphocyte count, nitrogen balance
  6. What does ISBAR stand for? - ANSWERs Introduction
  7. Situation
  8. Background
  9. Assessment
  10. Recommendation
  11. True or false.
  12. osteoporosis, a chronic condition, may cause a broken bone, an acute condition - ANSWERs True.
  13. While conducting a survivor assessment of Ms. Williams, which question asked by Hanna is most appropriate?
  14. A."My grandmother died of cancer last year. It's a terrible disease, don't you think?"
  15. B."How long have you been sick?"
  16. C."What are the biggest concerns you face with regard to your cancer?"
  1. Size (longest length and widest width)
  2. Depth
  3. Undermining and tunneling
  4. •Documented as it related to a clock (ex: at 5 o'clock)
  5. Wound margin (normal, macerated, erythema)
  6. Wound base (eschar, slough, exudate_
  7. Document
- Consistency, color, odor or drainage 
  1. Document in cm
  2. what should you limit the HOB to when trying to prevent pressure injuries in a bed bound patient? - ANSWERs Limit head elevation to 30 degrees
  3. how often should a wound vac dressing be changed? - ANSWERs every 24 - 72 hours depending on the amount of drainage.
  4. what is the preferred site to give an IM injection? - ANSWERs ventrogluteal muscle
  1. when inhaling what does the diaphragm do? - ANSWERs contract (moves down)
  2. When exhaling the diaphragm does what? - ANSWERs relaxes and moves up
  3. Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs? - ANSWERs alveoli
  4. 6 P's of Dyspnea - ANSWERs Possible foreign body
  5. Pulmonary bronchial constriction
  6. Pneumothorax
  7. Pulmonary embolus
  8. Pneumonia
  9. PUMP (heart failure)
  10. early signs and symptoms of hypoxia include: - ANSWERs Restlessness
  11. Fatigue
  12. Agitated
  13. Confused
  14. Unable to lay down
  15. Vital sign changes
  16. Late signs of hypoxia - ANSWERs Declining level of consciousness
  17. Decreased activity level
  18. Hypotension
  19. Bradycardia
  20. Metabolic acidosis- increased CO
  21. •Cyanosis
  1. An HCP is discharging a client who has a prescription for home oxygen therapy via nasal cannula. Client and family teaching by the nurse should include which of the following instructions? SATA A. Apply petroleum jelly around and inside the nares. B. Remove the nasal cannula during mealtimes. C. Check the position of the cannula frequently. D. Report any nausea or difficulty breathing. E. Post "No Smoking" signs in prominent locations. - ANSWERs C. Check the position of the cannula frequently.
  2. D. Report any nausea or difficulty breathing.
  3. E. Post "No Smoking" signs in prominent locations.
  4. where is urine formed in the kidney? - ANSWERs nephron
  5. True or False.
  6. urinary problems are common in patients who have diabetes and in older adults - ANSWERs True.
  7. urinary retention - ANSWERs An accumulation of urine due to the inability of the bladder to empty
  8. urinary incontinence - ANSWERs involuntary leakage of urine
  9. The HCP may suspect that a patient is experiencing urinary retention when the patient has:

A. large amounts of voided cloudy urine. B. pain in the suprapubic region. C. spasms and difficulty during urination. D. small amounts of urine voided two to three times per hour. - ANSWERs D. small amounts of urine voided two to three times per hour.

  1. what should you look for when assessing urine for infection? - ANSWERs Color
  2. Clarity
  3. Odor
  4. what is Crede's method? - ANSWERs Credé's method involves putting pressure on the suprapubic area and is used for the relief of urinary retention.
  5. long term use of a catheter can result in what complication? - ANSWERs UTI
  6. what is the gateway to the rest of your body? - ANSWERs The mouth. providing oral care multiple times a day is essential in preventing serious complications.
  7. what does a cookie swallow assess? - ANSWERs dysphagia
  8. A newly admitted patient states that he has recently had a change in medications and reports that stools are now dry and hard to pass. This type of bowel pattern is consistent with: A. abnormal defecation. B. constipation.
  1. what are some examples of therapeutic communication techniques? - ANSWERs Sharing observations
  2. Sharing empathy
  3. Sharing hope
  4. Sharing humor
  5. Sharing feelings
  6. Using touch
  7. Using silence (being with)
  8. what are some examples of nontherapeutic techniques? - ANSWERs Asking personal questions
  9. Giving personal opinions
  10. Changing the subject
  11. Automatic responses
  12. False reassurance
  13. Sympathy
  14. A nurse has just admitted a client with a medical diagnosis of congestive heart failure. When completing the admission paperwork, the nurse needs to record: A. an interpretation of client behavior. B. objective data that are observed. C. lengthy entry using lay terminology.

D. abbreviations familiar to the nurse. - ANSWERs B. objective data that are observed.

  1. If a nurse decides to withhold a medication because it might further lower the patient's blood pressure, the nurse will be practicing the principle of: A. responsibility. B. accountability. C. competency. D. moral behavior. - ANSWERs B. accountability
  2. True or False.
  3. incident reports should be charted in the patients chart - ANSWERs False. there is a separate form that needs to be filled out.
  4. When an incident like a fall occurs what is the first thing you want to do? - ANSWERs assess the patient. You can fill out the incident report at any point in your shift.
  5. what are some teaching techniques when educating a client? - ANSWERs Verbal one-on-one discussion
  6. Group instruction
  7. Preparatory instruction
  8. Demonstrations
  9. Analogies
  10. Role-playing
  1. it is mandated that the nurse ask about advanced directives upon every hospital admission. - ANSWERs True.
  2. Benefits of advanced directives include: - ANSWERs 1.Remain in control of healthcare decisions at end-of-life
  3. 2.Enhanced quality of care consistent with wishes
  4. 3.Families & loved ones know your wishes & are less stressed
  5. 4.Decreased financial burden
  6. 5.Allows healthcare providers to deliver treatment according to patient's preferences
  7. A patient comes into the emergency department complaining of chest pain. When discussing possible reasons why the chest pain has occurred, the nurse learns that the patient is depressed because of the loss of a job. This type of crisis can be classified as: A. maturational. B. situational. C. sociocultural. D. posttraumatic. - ANSWERs B. situational.
  8. Factors that influence stress & coping: - ANSWERs - situational factors: personal, job, family changes, etc.
    • maturational factors: stressors vary with life stage, ex: identity or self esteem in in preadolescents
    • sociocultural factors: environmental and social stressors. Ex: poverty, divorce, handicap
  1. Oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) - ANSWERs a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system.
  2. hydrostatic pressure - ANSWERs pressure exerted by a fluid within a compartment such as blood within the vessels. Moves fluid from an area of greater pressure to an area of lesser pressure. Hydrostatic pressure within vessels of the body moves fluid from intravascular compartment interstitial compartment
  3. what is it called when the lungs are unable to excrete enough CO2 and the pH is out of range? - ANSWERs Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
  4. what is it called when the the lungs excrete too much carbonic acid? - ANSWERs respiratory alkalosis
  5. ◦Occurs from an increase of metabolic acid or a decrease of base - ANSWERs metabolic acidosis
  6. Occurs from a direct increase of base (HCO_3^-) or a decrease of metabolic acid - ANSWERs metabolic alkalosis
  7. If a patient's albumin lab value is low, the patient may develop what? - ANSWERs edema - especially in the lower extremities
  8. the device used to prevent DVT's in immobile patients: - ANSWERs SCD ( sequential compression device)