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An in-depth exploration of fitness exercises, their categories, and their benefits. It discusses the concept of goal setting in fitness, including the importance of enjoyment, progression, overload, and feedback. The document also delves into delayed onset muscle soreness (doms), its relief, and the role of interval and circuit training. The benefits of exercise, both aerobic and resistance, are highlighted, along with their long-term effects on the body. The document concludes with a discussion on exercise and posture, including exercise requirements for correcting poor posture.
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1 ALLAN C. GUANLAO
✓ Goals are like magnets that attract us to higher ground and new horizons. ✓ A goal is a possibility that fulfils dreams. ✓ Goals direct attention to important elements of the skills being performed. ✓ Goals prolong performer persistence. ✓ Goals foster the development of new learning strategies. TYPES
2 ALLAN C. GUANLAO
4 ALLAN C. GUANLAO Reversibility – indicates situation in which the degree of adaptation brought about by the training loads will gradually weaken because the intensity was reduced. Tedium – enjoyable form of trainings Modalities/Supplementary Activities to Improve Performance
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7 ALLAN C. GUANLAO
8 ALLAN C. GUANLAO These types of exercises are low to moderate in intensity using slow twitch muscle fibres, these primarily utilise energy created from the aerobic energy system and typically use large muscle groups in a rhythmical movement for extended periods of time. For example cycling, swimming and running Cardiovascular exercise improves the efficiency of oxygen transfer between the heart and lungs, this can be measured using VO2 max. VO2 max is the maximum capacity of an individual’s body to transport and use oxygen during exercise. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is widely accepted as the single best measure of cardiovascular fitness and maximal aerobic power. Absolute values of VO2 max are typically 40-60% higher in men than in women.” (Hyde & Gengenbach 2007) Standard VO2 max tests include:
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Diet – When exercising, the body requires sufficient quantities of substances for energy, growth and repair. A diet that lacks in quality can lead to fatigue, increased levels of adipose tissue, poor bone growth and slow results in a training programme. Activity level/type – The frequency, intensity, type and time of activities will be a large factor as to the physiological progressions to the human body. Physical disabilities – There are many disabilities that can cause physical impairment, however exercise adaptations can help correct/enhance body functioning with targeted exercises. Illness and fatigue – Illness will affect training directly. Depending on the illness this can be both short and long term. Fatigue will hamper progress. Rest is an essential part of an exercise programme. Drugs – These can be both social and medical. These should be picked up in pre-exercise screening. If medical drugs are prescribed, exercise clearance may need to be sought from the clients GP. If social drugs
11 ALLAN C. GUANLAO are taken this will affect the body in a variety of ways. Training should never take place if you suspect a client has taken recreational drugs. PURPOSE OF WARM-UP AND COOL DOWN When designing an exercise program, it is essential that a specific warm up and cool down are included. These are often neglected by gym users but have an important role in preparing and returning the body to a pre-exercise state to reduce the risk of injury. WARM UP A warm up is an exercise that gradually builds in intensity at the beginning of a workout. This prepares muscles, heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature for the forthcoming exercises. A typical warm up may include cardiovascular exercise with a gradual increase in intensity. This is often referred to as a pulse raiser. Mobilisation exercises to promote joint movement and pre exercise stretching ( static, dynamic or ballistic ) may also be included. A warm up is prescribed to raise the body temperature to 39/40 degrees. This small increase in temperature has many benefits to exercise performance: