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FISDAP AIRWAY + ANATOMY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025 UPDATED GRADED A+
What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that result from an obstructed airway? a. crackles b. wheezing c. snoring d. stridor - Answer d. stridor is an upper airway obstruction caused by tissue swelling around the trachea, larynx, or epiglottitis. Stridor is often present with an airway obstruction, epiglottitis, or croup What is the term for high-pitched whistling sounds heard during expiration? a. friction rub b. stridor c. snoring d. wheezing - Answer d. wheezing suggests lower airway obstructions or constrictions. Exhalation is a passive process and the wheezing noise is air passively leaving constricted bronchioles What are the structures that branch off the trachea into the lower airway? a. arterioles b. bronchi c. alveoli d. cricoid - Answer b. bronchi The trachea bifurcates (splits) at the carina into left and right bronchus. The bronchi get smaller and smaller until it reaches the terminal bronchioles where the alveoli are located An 18 year old male is cyanotic and complains of sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing after lifting weights. Vital signs are BP 110/66, P 88, and R 22. What is the most likely cause? a. spontaneous pneumothorax b. pulmonary embolism c. tension pneumothorax d. acute myocardial infarction - Answer b. pulmonary embolism Performing strenuous activities can cause a collapsed lung (spontaneous pneumothorax). He has sable vital signs so you should suspect a
spontaneous pneumothorax. If he was hypotensive, you should suspect spontaneous pneumothorax had developed into a tension pneumothorax. An alert 32 year old female complains of difficulty breathing. She speaks in 2-3 word sentences and has an oxygen saturation of 92%. What should you do? a. assist ventilations with a BVM b. obtain VS c. assist her with her MDI d. apply high flow O2 - Answer d. apply high flow O She is alert and her respirations are still effective without the need for assisting ventilations. She only complains of shortness of breath so applying high flow O2 should be the first treatment The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are signs of what type of breathing? a. labored b. normal c. obstructed d. shallow - Answer a. labored The sue of accessory muscles is a sign of respiratory distress or failure. Nasal flaring is the body's response in effort to increase the size of the airway and attempt to draw in more air with each breath. Expect to initially see an increased RR and HR with labored breathing. As the patient begins to tire, the RR and quality will begin to decrease, which worsens the problem What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult? a. 350 ml b. 150 L c. 500 ml d. 750 L - Answer a. 350 ml The average adult ventilation is 500 mL, but there ia an area of dead space that traps 150 ml of air so only 350 mL effectively reaches the alveoli for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. A 56 year old female has a complete airway obstruction from a piece of food. She becomes unconscious while you assess her. What should you do? a. begin chest compressions
Inhaled air is drawn down into the lung tissue which consists of tiny alveoli sacs. Capillaries are located on the outside of the alveoli and they share a membrane with the alveoli sacs, which is where gas exchange takes place. These alveoli sacs are kept open by surfactant which is a soap substance that reduces surface tension, otherwise, alveoli collapse and gas exchange is inhibited. With CHF, blood replaces surfactant and the alveoli collapse. AN 82 year old female complains of difficulty breathing. Before you assist her with her prescribed inhaler, who will you need permission from? a. online medical control b. her personal physician c. staff nurse d. her family - Answer a. online medical control is required for assisting prescribed medications (over the radio or cell phone) A 77 year old female with dyspnea, speaks in short words bursts, and breathes with pursed lips. Lung sounds are diminished, distant, and clear. Vital signs are BP 153/90, P 86 and irregular, RR 23. What should you expect? a. emphysema b. bronchitis c. status asthmaticus d. pulmonary edema - Answer a. emphysema is a chronic obstructive process of the alveoli. The alveoli regenerate but they are misshaped and consist of scar tissue, which inhibits gas exchange. She has pursed lips because she is attempting to keep the alveoli open. Without the extra effort, her alveoli with collapse due to increased surface tension A 42 year old male complains of SOB after being sprayed with super- heated steam. He has burns to his face, neck, and upper chest. Vital signs are BP 112/66, P 124, RR 28 shallow and labored. What should you do? a. apply sterile dressings b. remove excess clothing c. suctions his airway d. assist his ventilations - Answer d. assist his ventilations because he is in respiratory failure. His breathing is ineffective because his respirations are first and shallow, which doesn’t not allow for adequate oxygen exchange because the air is not drawn down far enough into the lungs. Assisting his breathing with positive pressure ventilations will help reduce any developing pulmonary edema from the lower airway burns
A 64 year old male is not breathing. What should you do after initiating ventilations with a BVM? a. look for inflation of his chicks b. look for rise and fall of the chest c. listen for gurgling and check the mask position d. look for signs that he begins breathing on his own - Answer b. look for rise (inhale, which shows adequate amounts of air is getting into the patient's lungs) and fall of the chest (exhale, which can show if air is able to passively leak) A 53 year old male is sleepy, diaphoretic, difficult to arouse, and breathing 8 times per minute. What do you expect? a. respiratory failure b. respiratory arrest c. respiratory distress d. respiratory alkalosis - Answer a. respiratory failure because slow rate (too slow for adequate gas exchange) and is sleep/difficult to arouse. A febrile 44 year old male complains of SOB and has dull chest pain. He has been coughing up "rusty" sputum for the last 3 days. What is the most likely cause? a. chronic bronchitis b. pneumonia c. emphysema d. CHF - Answer b. pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue and the "rusty sputum is a sign of lower airway infection. He is febrile from an immune response to the infection with a common associated symptom of dull chest pain. A 75 year old female complains of a sudden onset of right-sided chest pain and dyspnea. She is recovering from a recent hip surgery. What do you suspect? a. hypotension b. pneumonia c. pulmonary embolism d. myocardial infarction - Answer c. pulmonary embolism is typically the result of a blood clot formed in a lower extremity with poor circulation. Hip surgery caused patient to be immobilized for an extensive time. The
a. cricoid cartilage b. diaphragm c. epiglottis d. carina - Answer a. cricoid cartilage which is inferior to the thyroid cartilage What area is directly posterior to the mouth? a. oropharynx b. trachea c. larynx d. nasopharynx - Answer a. oropharynx is the central location of the pharynx and is located from the opening of the mouth until the epiglottis Where is Sellick's maneuver applied? a. trachea b. esophagus c. thyroid gland d. cricoid cartilage - Answer d. cricoid cartilage. Sellick's maneuver or cricoid pressure inhibits gas entering the stomach during assisted ventilations What is the most common location for an airway obstruction? a. trachea b. larynx c. pharynx d. epiglottis - Answer c. pharynx since this passageway is shared by air and food, or a flaccid tongue What is the name of the passageway shared by the digestive and respiratory systems for air and food? a. pharynx b. larynx c. trachea d. nasopharynx - Answer a. pharynx (throat). The nasal cavity and the mouth share the same passageway as air moves down the larynx and food travels into the esophagus What is the name of the hollow, semi-flexible tube that carries inhaled air from the larynx to the lungs? a. alveoli
b. bronchi c. trachea d. larynx - Answer c. trachea What leaf-shaped structure closes during swallowing to prevent foods and foreign objects from entering the trachea? a. oropharynx b. cricoid cartilage c. epiglottis d. alveoli - Answer c. epiglottis When you swallow, it falls down and coves the trachea opening. When you breath it lifts upwards and allows air to pass What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge in the trachea at which the right and left lungs split? a. xiphoid process b. cricoid cartilage c. epiglottis d. carina - Answer d. carina What happens to your diaphragm during inhalation? a. relaxes b. enlarges c. moves upwards d. contracts - Answer d. contracts in a downward motion drawing air into the lungs. Inhalation is an active process. What is the name of the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity? a. carina b. smooth muscle c. alveolus d. diaphragm - Answer d. diaphragm is the muscle used for breathing. On inhalation, it contracts downwards, allowing air to be drawn in the mouth of nose and proceed down into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, allowing air to passively leave the airway
