Download Final Exam, part 1 | ISP 203B - Natural Hazards & Environment and more Quizzes Natural Resources in PDF only on Docsity!
Urbanization generally...
Increases river discharge and decreases lag time INVERSE RELATIONSHIP TERM 2
A paved parking lot for 1000 cars. As a city
planner what do you need to worry about?
DEFINITION 2 Increased discharges TERM 3
Flood Control dams and levees
DEFINITION 3
- Flood control dams can reduce agricultural fertility downstream- Diversion of water flow can cause serious problems when the discharge gets too high- Flood control dams increase evaporation TERM 4
Large hail storms can form when
DEFINITION 4 There is a strong updraft TERM 5
How do standard doppler radars improve
tornado warnings
DEFINITION 5 They tell us where rotation may be occurring in the atomsphere
"Line of severe storms are expected to
approach this afternoon. residents are
advised to" (example of what?)
Weather watch TERM 7
Watch vs Warning
DEFINITION 7 Watch - conditions are favorable or expected, but not occurring or imminentWarning - Conditions are occurring ("has developed" ) TERM 8
Why do tornado leave trails of damaged
buildings that are curved to circular in form
DEFINITION 8 Damage is concentrated along tracks of suction vortices inside a tornado TERM 9
Tornados (and hurricanes) basically basically
destroys houses by...
DEFINITION 9 The wind lifting them up in sections and sending the pieces flying TERM 10
Significance of dual polarization radar
DEFINITION 10
- Can identify the velocity of the material falling- Can provide insights on what is falling
What is a Storm Surge?
- The increase in level of the ocean during a hurricane- Major factor in coastal damage and casualties TERM 17
Natural hazard preparedness, awareness and
response:
DEFINITION 17
- Money spent on preparing for one hazard will take away from something else --> funding is limited-The costs of making a building slightly more earthquake resistant becomes extremely costly after a point. Costs become prohibitive.- Some casualties will always occur due to human behavior- We cannot be prepared for every contingency that could possible occur TERM 18
Tornado Formation
DEFINITION 18
- Lift (or instability of the atomosphere) & rotation.- rotation results from wind shear in the mid-levels of the atomsphere in thunderstorms.-Temperature gradient creates lift which helps to tilt the horizontal rotation. TERM 19
Energy and Energy Transfer
DEFINITION 19
- in convection heat moves with a material- heat moves through a wall by conduction-energy from the sun drives the atomosphere TERM 20
The mantle of the Earth is a __ & heat is
transferred within most of it by __
DEFINITION 20
- Solid2) Convection
Lithosphere
- Synonymous with plate- A zone of conductive heat transfer- Very rigid TERM 22
An isotope half life is 50mil years. The
daughter to parent ratio is .5 ; how old is the
sample
DEFINITION 22 25 Million TERM 23
Plates are composed of the __ and move
approx __ per year
DEFINITION 23 (1) lithosphere(2) few centimeters TERM 24
Why don't continental plates
subduct?
DEFINITION 24 Less dense than oceanic platesP TERM 25
Primary energy source that drives plate
tectonics
DEFINITION 25 Heat from radioactive decay and cooling of the earth
Induced
Earthquakes
- Most fracking related earthquakes are due to waste water reinjection-Loading of the crust by filling large resevoirs could produce earthquakes-Fluids reduce friction in the Earth and can cause rocks to slide TERM 32
Tsunamis
DEFINITION 32
- The sea can either first recede or come onto shore- They can be the result of underwater volcanic eruptions-The first tsunami wave is not always the highest-Tsunami waves can keep coming for hours TERM 33
Hawaiian eruptions generally rate __ on the
Volcano Explosivity Index because ___
DEFINITION 33 (1) Low(2) They erupt low silica magmas TERM 34
Where Earth's magmas
originate
DEFINITION 34 Upper mantle TERM 35
Mass Movements
DEFINITION 35
- occur when force due to gravity exceeds the resistance of the material sliding-Can be triggered by strong storms- Common along shorelines
How water generally reduces slope stability:
increasing pore pressure forcing grains and cracks apart TERM 37
Swelling or expansive solid are a very
expensive hazard. The cause damage by...
DEFINITION 37 the ground absorbing water and expanding, "crushing" foundations TERM 38
Arcuate
DEFINITION 38 In the form of an arc, that is curved or elliptical TERM 39
The tilt (angle) of the side of a
volcano...
DEFINITION 39 Increases prior to an eruption as magma inflates the magma chamber. TERM 40
Conduction vs Convection
DEFINITION 40 Conduction is when heat moves through a material, the material does not move - the heat does. Convection is when heat moves by being contained in a moving container - that is the heat that moves because the material moves.
