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Faraday's Law of Induction: Magnet through a Coil, Exercises of Law

An experiment to examine faraday's law of induction. A magnet is dropped through a coil, and the voltage across the coil is graphed as a function of time. The total integrated flux as the magnet moves into the coil is compared to the flux as it moves out of the coil. The experiment aims to demonstrate the phenomena of induction and generation of electromotive force (emf) when a changing magnetic field passes through a coil of wire. Detailed instructions on the experimental setup, data collection, and analysis, including explanations of the observed voltage signals and their relationship to the changing magnetic flux.

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/30/2023

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EN PHYS 1 PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS
2nd semester AY 2022 - 2023
ACTIVITY WORKSHEET
Written by Chuck Hunt
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy . 2, Daet, Camarines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Equipment
1
Modular Circuits
EM-3536-KIT
1
Magnets from Modular Circuits
1
Voltage Sensor
UI-5100
1
No-Bounce Pad
SE-7347
1
Small A-Base
ME-8976
Required but not included:
1
550 Universal Interface
UI-5001
Introduction
The purpose of this experiment is to examine Faraday’s Law of Induction. A magnet
will be dropped through a coil and the voltage across the coil graphed as a function of
time. The total integrated flux as the magnet moves into the coil will be compared to
the flux as it moves out of the coil.
Theory
When the magnetic flux thru a coil of wire changes (as in a magnet falling thru a coil of wire in Figure 1), there is an
EMF (E) generated between the ends of the coil given by Faraday’s Law:
E = -N(dΦ/dt) (1)
where N is the number of turns in the coil and dΦ/dt is the time rate of change of the magnetic flux, Φ, or the derivative
of the magnetic flux with respect to time. The magnetic flux may be thought of as the number of magnetic field lines
(green arrows in Figure 1) passing thru the coil. Integration of Equation 1 yields:
E dt = -NΔΦ = [the area under the curve on an E vs. t graph] (2)
where ΔΦ is the total change in flux (or total number of field lines).
Setup
1. Assemble the circuit shown in Figure 2.
2. Plug the Voltage Sensor into Channel A on the 550 Universal Interface. Insert the sensor's banana plugs into
the banana jacks on the circuit module.
3. Place the No-Bounce pad on the table where the magnet will hit. If the magnet hits the table without the pad,
it may break.
Name:
Rating:
Course/Block:
Date:
05/13/2023
Activity No.
3
:
Induction: Magnet through a Coil
Learning Objective:
At the end of this activity, the student must be able to:
1. Discuss the phenomena of induction and generation of EMF
2. Follow the instruction and work collaboratively.
N
S
Figure 1: Falling Magnet
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EN PHYS 1 – PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS 2 nd^ semester AY 2022 - 2023 ACTIVITY WORKSHEET

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Equipment 1 Modular Circuits EM- 3536 - KIT 1 Magnets from Modular Circuits 1 Voltage Sensor UI- 5100 1 No-Bounce Pad SE- 7347 1 Small A-Base ME- 8976 Required but not included: 1 550 Universal Interface UI- 5001 Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to examine Faraday’s Law of Induction. A magnet will be dropped through a coil and the voltage across the coil graphed as a function of time. The total integrated flux as the magnet moves into the coil will be compared to the flux as it moves out of the coil. Theory When the magnetic flux thru a coil of wire changes (as in a magnet falling thru a coil of wire in Figure 1), there is an EMF (E) generated between the ends of the coil given by Faraday’s Law: E = - N(dΦ/dt) (1) where N is the number of turns in the coil and dΦ/dt is the time rate of change of the magnetic flux, Φ, or the derivative of the magnetic flux with respect to time. The magnetic flux may be thought of as the number of magnetic field lines (green arrows in Figure 1) passing thru the coil. Integration of Equation 1 yields: ∫E^ dt =^ - NΔΦ^ =^ [the area under the curve on an^ E^ vs.^ t^ graph]^ (2) where ΔΦ is the total change in flux (or total number of field lines). Setup

  1. Assemble the circuit shown in Figure 2.
  2. Plug the Voltage Sensor into Channel A on the 550 Universal Interface. Insert the sensor's banana plugs into the banana jacks on the circuit module.
  3. Place the No-Bounce pad on the table where the magnet will hit. If the magnet hits the table without the pad, it may break. Name: Paul Jeremy L. Mendoza Rating: Course/Block: BSEE 1A^ Date: 05/13/ Activity No. 3 : (^) Induction: Magnet through a Coil Learning Objective: At the end of this activity, the student must be able to:
  4. Discuss the phenomena of induction and generation of EMF
  5. Follow the instruction and work collaboratively. N S

Figure 1: Falling Magnet

EN PHYS 1 – PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS 2 nd^ semester AY 2022 - 2023 ACTIVITY WORKSHEET CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

  1. Cut an 8.5" x 11" piece of paper in half so it is 8.5" x 5.5". Tightly roll up a piece of paper around a pencil to make a tube 8.5 inches long, remove the pencil, and insert it into the coil. This will guide the falling magnet so it hits the hole.
  2. In this lab, we will use 8 disk magnets together to form a single long cylindrical magnet. Use the compass to identify which end of the magnet is the North end and stick a small piece of tape to that end for identification.
  3. When you are ready to drop the magnet through the coil, stand the circuit on its side as shown. You can steady the circuit by slipping the feet of the small A-base into the back of the circuit modules. Hold the magnets so your fingers are just above the top of the tube. Figure 2: Setup Figure 3: Paper Roll Guide
  4. In PASCO Capstone, set the sample rate to 2.0 kHz and create a graph of Voltage vs. time. Procedure
  5. When you are ready to drop the magnet through the coil, stand the circuit on its side as shown. Hold the magnets so the North end is down. Hold the magnets so your fingers are just above the top of the tube.
  6. Start recording. Drop the magnet. Then stop recording.
  7. Click open the Data Summary at the left of the page. Re-label this run as “N down”.
  8. Repeat steps 1 & 2 with the south end down. Label it “S down”.

EN PHYS 1 – PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS 2 nd^ semester AY 2022 - 2023 ACTIVITY WORKSHEET CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

S DOWN

Solution: System First Pulse Second Pulse a.) N down (1.450s)(- 0.102 V) (1.5s)(0.183 V) = - 0.1479 Vs = 0.2745 Vs b.) S down (2.3s)(0.305 V) (2.35s)(- 0.2 3 1 V) = 0.7015 Vs =- 0.54285 Vs

  1. Select the “N down” run on the graph. Adjust the scale so induction part fills the graph.
  2. Click on the Selection icon in the graph toolbar. Adjust the handles on the selection box to select the first pulse of the data.
  3. Click the Area icon. It will calculate the area under the curve. Recall from Theory that this is the change in the magnetic flux through the coil. If the Area box does not show three significant figures, right-click on the Area box and change the properties to 3 significant figures. Enter the value in the First Pulse column of Table I on the N down line.
  4. Move the selection box to select all the negative data. Enter the value in the Second Pulse column of Table I.
  5. Use the Coordinates tool to find the maximum voltage of the first pulse and the second pulse and enter the values in Table 1.
  6. Repeat for the “S down” data set.

EN PHYS 1 – PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS 2 nd^ semester AY 2022 - 2023 ACTIVITY WORKSHEET CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Conclusions

  1. On the graph, select the “N down” run. Why is the peak voltage higher on the 2nd^ pulse than on the 1st^ pulse?

When the magnet moves through the coil, it creates a magnetic field around it. This magnetic field changes

as the magnet moves, which generates a voltage in the coil. This voltage is called an electromotive force

(EMF). The peak voltage is higher on the second pulse than on the first pulse because of the direction of the

changing magnetic field. When the magnet is falling through the coil, it creates a changing magnetic field

which induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the coil. The direction of the EMF and the resulting current

depend on the direction of the changing magnetic field.

During the first pulse, the magnet is moving towards the coil, and the changing magnetic field induces an

EMF in one direction which creates a voltage in the coil that adds up to a peak voltage. During the second

pulse, the magnet is moving away from the coil, and the changing magnetic field induces an EMF in the

opposite direction. Since the EMF induced during the second pulse is in the opposite direction, it adds to the

EMF induced during the first pulse, resulting in a higher peak voltage.

  1. Why is one pulse up and the other pulse down?

When the magnet moves through the coil, it creates a changing magnetic field that induces an

electromotive force (EMF) in the coil. This EMF generates a voltage that can be measured using the voltage

sensor.

The polarity of the induced EMF during the first pulse is positive, meaning the voltage at the output of the

coil increases from zero to a positive maximum value and then returns to zero as the magnet moves through

the coil. This is because the changing magnetic field induced by the moving magnet produces a current that

flows in one direction in the coil, generating a positive voltage.

During the second pulse, the magnet is moving away from the coil, and the changing magnetic field

induces an EMF in the opposite direction to that of the first pulse. As a result, the polarity of the induced EMF

during the second pulse is negative, meaning the voltage at the output of the coil decreases from zero to a

negative maximum value and then returns to zero as the magnet moves through the coil. This is because the

current induced in the coil during the second pulse flows in the opposite direction to that of the first pulse,

generating a negative voltage.

This is why one pulse is up and the other pulse is down, with different polarities of induced EMF. The

peak voltage of the second pulse is higher because the EMF induced during the second pulse adds to the EMF

induced during the first pulse, resulting in a higher peak voltage.

  1. Is the flux of the first pulse equal to the flux of the second pulse? Why or why not?

The flux of the first pulse is not necessarily equal to the flux of the second pulse because the direction of

the magnetic field and, therefore, the induced EMF and current are different for each pulse.

During the first pulse, the magnet is moving towards the coil, and the changing magnetic field induces

an EMF in one direction. The induced current flows in the coil, creating a magnetic field that opposes the