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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification TEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Unit 43: Internet of Things
Submission date Date Received 1st submission
Re-submission Date 9/3/2023 Date Received 2nd submission 9/3/
Student Name Vu Minh Hoang Student ID Gch
Class Assessor name Le Ngoc Anh
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I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
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By analyzing data from machines, manufacturers can predict equipment failures and take preventive measures to avoid long periods of downtime. Additionally, researchers can use IoT devices to collect information about customer behavior and preferences, although this poses significant privacy and security concerns. Figure 1 IoT
- How does IoT work? The first component of an IoT system is the device that collects data, ranging from internet-connected devices with unique IP addresses, such as autonomous robots, sensors that monitor temperature and gas leaks, and personal fitness trackers. Next, the collected data is wirelessly or wired transmitted to a gathering point, such as a data center or cloud, where it is processed and analyzed for further use. However, in the case of critical devices like industrial shutoffs where delays can be dangerous, edge computing is employed. Edge devices analyze data in close physical proximity to the device and can send important data upstream for further processing and storage. The development of edge technologies is rapidly increasing to support use cases that require split-second decision-making, such as autonomous vehicles.
Figure 2 How IoT works
- Applications of IoT The application of IoT (Internet of Things) is vast and varied, as it involves the use of internet-connected devices to collect and exchange data. Here are some examples of how IoT is being used in different industries:
- Smart Homes: IoT technology is used to control and automate various household devices, such as lights, thermostats, and security systems. Smart home systems can be remotely controlled and programmed through a mobile app or voice commands.
- Industrial Automation: IoT devices are used in manufacturing plants to monitor and control machines, track inventory, and optimize supply chain management. IoT sensors can detect and predict equipment failures, reducing maintenance costs and downtime.
- Healthcare: IoT is used in healthcare to monitor patient health and provide personalized care. Wearable devices can track vital signs, monitor medication adherence, and alert healthcare providers in case of emergencies.
- Agriculture: IoT sensors are used to monitor soil moisture, temperature, and humidity, helping farmers to optimize crop yields and reduce water usage. Drones equipped with sensors can also be used to monitor crop health and detect pests.
- Self-adapting These gadgets constantly adapt to various environments because artificial intelligence and machine learning are used to make them smart. For instance, some cameras adjust their settings based on the lighting and shading. IoT devices are connected to networks using sophisticated software, protocols, and algorithms that handle data from millions of data nodes. With the least amount of human input, these devices can update their software as needed. These gadgets can enhance the network and enable the integration of new gadgets into an already-existing network.
- Intelligence IoT devices' intelligence is another crucial feature. The collective intelligence in IoT networks is boosted by straightforward object-level interactions. The acquired data has to be transformed into information that the devices can use. These gadgets must continue to gather information in order to sustain and improve this intelligence. Due to the integration of algorithms, processing, software, and hardware, these gadgets are intelligent. Moreover, the capabilities of IoT devices are enhanced by ambient intelligence. They are sophisticated in their responses to conditions and help IoT do certain duties as a result.
- Dynamic Changes Data gathering from the environment is one of the key features of the Internet of Things. This is made possible by the dynamic changes that take place in the surroundings of these gadgets. Together with the quantity of devices, the condition of these devices varies dynamically as a result of persons, places, and times.
- Strong Connectivity The ability for anybody to connect from anywhere at any time is a crucial aspect of the Internet of Things. This enables interoperability between devices and network connectivity. IoT may link industrial equipment that has network, identification, sensing, and actuation capabilities. These gadgets can be remote controlled thanks to the connection. Businesses risk project failure if they ignore IoT connection since reliable connectivity guarantees that these devices are operating as intended.
- Scalable IoT devices have the capacity for rapid growth without degrading their functionality. IoT devices can scale and manage more data without degrading in performance by adding extra hardware or software to the current system.
- Sensors
The sensors in IoT allow it to accurately detect environmental changes. The analog input from the physical world that is provided by this sensory data helps us understand the complicated environment better. This aids in accurate data collecting, which increases the device's intelligence and increases its use for the user.
- Communication These gadgets are getting more networked as the number of Internet of Things grows. So that they may function more effectively and without hiccups, they must communicate with one another. These gadgets are linked to the internet through a cloud service. This enables device connectivity. To enable connections between different devices, the gateway establishes connections with them. Even when the other device is not online, one device establishes network access using the connectivity of another device. This benefit makes IoT devices more efficient and scalable. They are able to transmit data that can be examined. The range of communication might be small, long, or very long.
- Some examples for real world applications of IoT 9 real world application of IoT
- Smart City A smart city, often known as the "City of the Future," is a well-known internet of things application idea that categorizes technology as accountable for upgrading urban infrastructure to make urban centers more effective, affordable, and pleasant places to live. It also seeks to promote economic development and support environmental sustainability. Using innovative and sustainable service automation, the "Smart City" idea tackles planning and public administration. Several industries, including government services, transportation and traffic management, energy, healthcare, water, creative urban agriculture, and waste management, are improved and modernized by smart cities.
Figure 5 Smart Home
- Smart Self-Diving Cars Once considered to be a thing of the future, self-driving and functioning automobiles are now a reality. You can utilize smart vehicle technology to manage some features on your smartphone. To assess the engine oil level, radiator water temperature, and other information, central computers installed in the vehicle collect data from sensors placed throughout the vehicle. With a phone app, you can even keep tabs on the condition of the vehicle, including its position, oil levels, petrol, and other factors.
Figure 6 Smart Self-Driving Cars
- IoT farming Farmers have the opportunity to change the agricultural business by using sophisticated IoT farming applications to optimize several labor- intensive farm processes. You may use IoT to develop soil-chemistry-based fertilizer profiles, monitor soil nutrient and moisture concentrations, and assist you choose the optimal time to harvest crops. In order to monitor the health of the animals, a number of sensors are deployed across the agricultural sector, including the livestock. One illustration of a smart farm device that aids farmers in weather data forecasting and crop and livestock status monitoring is Pynco Agricultural Sensors.
Figure 8 Fitness Trackers
- IoT-Connected Factories IoT technology, sometimes referred to as the Industrial Internet of Things, is used in smart factories to collect data on industrial equipment and processes in order to develop strategic goals and increase productivity. Sensors are connected to production equipment and machine tools to enhance analytics. To safeguard revenues and boost supply chain productivity, such technology may assist manufacturers in reducing energy usage, enhancing asset monitoring, and identifying equipment concerns early.
Figure 9 IoT-Connected Factories
- IoT Hospitality and Tourism Operations in the hotel and tourist sectors can be greatly improved by the IoT. For hotels and motels in the hospitality sector, manpower is a significant expenditure, but IoT may automate some exchanges to lighten staffing obligations. For instance, mobile electronic keys enable hotel visitors to enter and check into their rooms without contacting a member of staff. Customers may order room service and report any problems with their rooms, such as a shortage of towels, through their smartphones, which helps hotels get vital information more promptly.
Figure 11 Retail IoT
- Smart Grid The IoT that takes care of energy systems is known as the smart grid. Utility firms employ smart grid technology to identify energy savings by tracking energy use, forecasting energy shortages and power outages, and gathering information on how diverse people and businesses use energy. The typical person may monitor their personal energy usage and identify efficiencies in their home by using the smart grid's data.
Figure 12 Smart Grid
- Standard architectures, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs for IoT development
- Mesh Network A mesh network is a network where devices, also known as nodes, are connected to one another and branch off of other nodes. These networks are designed to transport data between devices and clients effectively. They assist businesses in establishing a constant link throughout a physical area. Mesh network topologies design several paths for data to transit between linked nodes. By using this strategy, the network will be more resilient in the event of node or connection failure. Several routers, switches, and other devices that act as nodes may be present in larger mesh networks. A mesh network may cover a huge area since it can have hundreds of wireless mesh nodes.
Figure 14 Local gateway
- Direct connection A direct connection refers to a link or a communication pathway between two entities that does not involve any intermediary or third-party system. In other words, it is a communication channel that connects two systems or devices directly without any other systems in between. A direct connection can take various forms, such as a wired connection between two computers, a wireless connection between two mobile devices, or a dedicated network connection between two servers. It is often preferred for its reliability, security, and speed, as there are fewer points of failure or potential security breaches in a direct connection.
Figure 15 Direct Connection
- Frameworks A framework is a structure, either real or conceptual, that is designed to serve as a foundation or guide for creating something useful. In computer systems, frameworks are often layered structures that define what kinds of programs can be built and how they should interact. These frameworks may include actual programs, programming interfaces, or tools for using the framework. Examples of computer system frameworks include the Resource Description Framework, the Internet Business Framework, the Sender Policy Framework, the Zachman Framework, the .NET Framework, COBIT, the NIST cybersecurity framework, the Spring Framework, Hadoop, and MITRE ATT&CK. These frameworks are designed to help developers create programs more easily and to provide standards and guidelines for IT governance, cybersecurity, and big data processing. (Lutkevich, 2021)
