Download Exam 2 | PHIL 103 - Moral and Social Problems (GT-AH3) and more Quizzes Introduction to Philosophy in PDF only on Docsity!
What does Arthur say we must consider,
besides the consequences of our actions, in
helping a starving person?
We must consider that one person deserves the food he has raised. TERM 2
What does Singer mean by talk of human and
animal equality?
DEFINITION 2 Singer doesn't mean we should give the right to vote to pigs but he believes we should give equal consideration to all beings. TERM 3
How does Cohen justify speciesism?
DEFINITION 3 rights exist in the human community and not in the animal community TERM 4
how does Cohen argue that humans do and
animals do not have rights?
DEFINITION 4 Animals (and trees) have none of the attributes which lead to possessing rights: a consciousness of free will, participation in an ethical order, membership in a moral community, or possession of a moral will. TERM 5
For Curnutt, what is the specific harm
involved in killing an animal?
DEFINITION 5 killing them and then eating them for food.
Explain the differences between Kant's moral
theory and utilitarianism?
enter answer TERM 7
Explain why Kant opposes lying.
DEFINITION 7 Kant opposes lying because it takes away another person's right to make a rational choice. TERM 8
What gives an action moral worth for Kant?
DEFINITION 8 our motive, the quality of our will, the intention from which we act. We must do the right thing for the right reason. TERM 9
What does O'Neill say is the central Kantian
argument for feeding hungry/starving people?
DEFINITION 9 were we in desperate circumstances, we would want assistance, just as if our car does not start on cold winter morning we would want a neighbor to help us if possible. But if I want others to help me when I am in need, it is inconsistent for me not help others when they need it, with starting their cars or getting their lives going once again. TERM 10
What is Pope John Paul's definition of a
fetus?
DEFINITION 10 Pope John Paul does not believe in a fetus. He believes from conception that the "fetus" that it is a human being.
Why does Don Marquis say abortion is wrong?
Explain.
Don Marquis believes that everyone is entitled to having a future like ours and killing anything that has the potential to have a future is wrong. TERM 17
What is an example of a standard abortion
argument?
DEFINITION 17
- It is wrong to kill innocent human beings 2. fetuses are innocent human beings 3. Therefore, it is wrong to kill a fetus. TERM 18
Why does Kass object to cloning? How good
are his arguments?
DEFINITION 18 cloning is an attack upon human nature. We cannot preserve our humanity if we permit cloning. TERM 19
What is motive according to Kant?
DEFINITION 19 If our motive is acting from duty, we act morally. However, if our motive is some inclination, then we may be doing the right thing, but our reasons are the wrong ones. TERM 20
How would Warrens concept of personhood
apply to a severely brain-damaged human
being?
DEFINITION 20 If the brain-damaged being did not qualify for warren's criteria of being a person then she would not consider them a person.
Does Warren's concept of personhood apply
to a fetus
No it does not because fetuses have no self-awareness. TERM 22
What is Warren's argument for
abortion?
DEFINITION 22 Only persons have a right to life. A fetus is not a person. So, a fetus does not have a right to life. And from this it follows that ordinarily it is not wrong to kill a fetus. TERM 23
Implantation
DEFINITION 23 Implantation is the connection around day 5 to day 6 of a cell cluster to a womans uterus TERM 24
Viability
DEFINITION 24 Viability occurs around week 21 or so and is the capability of the fetus to survive independently of the mother TERM 25
Birth
DEFINITION 25 Birth is around 36-39 weeks. Parents lives change forever! (All hell breaks loose!)
What attributes lead to possessing rights?
a consciousness of free will, participation in an ethical order, membership in a moral community, or possession of a moral will. TERM 32
According to Cohen, humans are situated
differently than animals because...
DEFINITION 32 Humans have moral capacities, which animals lack. Humans have moral capacities and they are part of a community governed by moral rules. TERM 33
Species do matter for what 3 reasons
according to Cohen...
DEFINITION 33 humans can reflect on their actions (I did the wrong thing); humans have moral autonomy (an ability to make moral choices bases on ones wishes, plans and values); humans are members of moral communities. TERM 34
From a Utilitarian POV, in experimenting with
animals...
DEFINITION 34 we produce far more happiness and pleasure, by experimenting on animals than not experimenting. TERM 35
What is one problem with Cohen's
argument...
DEFINITION 35 Cohen misinterprets Singers position as requiring equal treatment for sentient beings.
