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Class: LAND 2520 - HIS BLT ENVRNMNT II; Subject: Landscape Architecture; University: University of Georgia; Term: Spring 2015;
Typology: Quizzes
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House, Ur Mesopotamia 3rd to 2nd millennium BC mud brick wall and wood framing TERM 2 DEFINITION 2 Ziggurat Ur, Mesoptamia 2100 BC "House of the Mountain, Mountain of the Storm, Bond Between Heaven and Earth" TERM 3 DEFINITION 3 Solomon's Temple Jerusalem 900 BC western wall TERM 4 DEFINITION 4 Palace Khorsabad, Assyria 720 BC house with courtyard TERM 5 DEFINITION 5 Ishtar Gate Babylon, Mesopotamia 612-539 BC Syrians invented the arch
Zoser's Complex Saqquara, Egypt 2630 BC Architect: Imhotep 1st stepped pyramid mastaba: tomb underneath the pyramid 1st use of columns translation of plant forms and nature into the stone symbolizes upper and lower Egypt- Zoser unified the two TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 Great Pyramids of Cheops Giza, Egypt 2570 BC complex is comprised of : temple, sphinx guarding the area, and 3 pyramids oriented to the cardinal points TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 Temple of Amon Re Karnak, Egypt 1300 BC pylon: term for front of Egyptian house Hypostyle Hall: largets gridded room ever built clearstory: high light/window summary: grand house that expresses power becomes Temple of Ramses III- he makes additions to it when he comes to power TERM 9 DEFINITION 9 Palace Knossos Crete, Minoan 1700-1380 BC origin of the labyrinth plan inverted columns (narrowed at the bottom) TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 Parthenon Athens- highest point of Acropolis 448-432 BC Architects: Ictinus Callicrates sculptor: Phidias- sculpted the 70ft tall Athena (god of war) celebrates the defeat of the Persian war, Athena, and the Panathenaic festival refinement of the Doric order optical corrections- columns lean inward slightly, columns at corners are closer together, floor arches (2.6" rise in center)
Kandariya Mahadeva Temple Khajuraho, india - sacred area, lots of temples 10th century Hindu temple mandala: subdivided square oriented to the cardinal points garbhagria: inner holy room shikhara: tall mountain structure above garbhagria, "guiding structure" **melon shaped TERM 17 DEFINITION 17 Brihedesvara Temple Tanjore 11th century gopura: gateway to temple TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 Angor Wat Angkor, Cambodia 9th-12th century reservoir enormous Hindu temple TERM 19 DEFINITION 19 Great Wall 221BC- 1368AD built to keep the mongols out 1,500 miles TERM 20 DEFINITION 20 Tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi Lishan, Shaanxi province 210 BC this emperor put modern China together terra cotta army
Nanchan temple Shaanxi province 782 example of Chinese timber construction: wood frame architecture still used today consists of wooden posts, beams, brackets, roof "kick"-shape of roof earliest building codes TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 Fogong Temple and Monastery Yingxian 1056 pagoda: Chinese version of the Shikara TERM 23 DEFINITION 23 Chang'an 200 BC cheng, du, jing= words for "city" ex. Beijing City revolves around the diety gong= palace * in the North TERM 24 DEFINITION 24 Forbidden City, Beijing 15th century "Forbidden city"- the Palace area outer city- Temple of Agriculture & Temple of Heaven courtyard house- organized like a mini forbidden city TERM 25 DEFINITION 25 Summer Resort Chengde 1730- royal resort nature intertwined
Basilica of Trajan Rome, 100AD clearstory: two story space that lets light in acts as a Roman equivalent of a Stoa but more of a mall TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 Basilica Nuova or Basilica Constantine Rome, 307- differences from Basilica of Trajan: groined vaults, portico out front, few piers rather than lined columns, and thermal windows (arched windows) TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 Arch of Constantine Rome, 315 AD 4 columns defining 3 bays Constantine was the last powerful Roman emperor- sculptures commemorate him barrel vaults and triumphal arch Attic story: half story, no order applied TERM 34 DEFINITION 34 Arch of Titus one central, triumphal arch Titus= Roman emperor that dispersed Jews TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 Old St. Peter's Rome, begun 333 Rome plan derives from the Basilica: nave=center aisle, apse= main altar, transept= cross area, baptistry= can be located at different spots, narthex= vestibule, atrium= derived from the roman house triumphal arch entry articulated structures
S. Apollinare in Classe Ravenna, 540 "in classe"- near the harbor campanile- bell tower (call for battle, worship, and serve as a landmark) TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 Hagia Sophia Istanbul, Turkey 532-537 AD Architects: Anthemius and Isidoras translates to "Holy wisdom" pendentive- spherical triangle built for Emperor Justinian (vowed that if he survived the war, he would build a magnificent church) later converted into a mosque and minarets were added dematerialization- cannot see the structure dome of heaven (outside is earth) TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 Speyer Cathedral Speyer, Germany, 1030-1080 AD Charlemagne founded the Holy Roman Empire- buried here Central church of HRE characters: latin cross form, groin vaults, large west work over time, more space between transept and apse is created celebration of structure crypt- burial area underneath the church TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 St. Sernin Toulouse, France, 1080- pilgrimage church in comparison to Speyer- both have a latin cross, has two aisles around transept, groin vaults over aisles and barrel vault over center chevet- ambulatory (path around apse) and radiating chapels TERM 40 DEFINITION 40 Saint Denis model for French churches 3 portals
Mosque of Suleyman the Magnificent Istanbul 1550- Koca Sinan- considered the Michelangelo of the East heavily influenced by Byzantinne architecture based off of Hagia Sophia TERM 47
DEFINITION 47 Taj Mahal Agra 1631- tomb built for the favorite wife of Shah Jahan representation of Garden of Eden (garden separated into 4 sections by 2 "rivers") horseshoe dome- onion shape TERM 48 DEFINITION 48 Alhambra Palace Granada, Spain 13th-14th century more like a villa Court of Myrtle Tress and Court of Lions Hall of two sisters and Hall of the Abenerrajes confectionary vaults built up with brick and plaster
