HYPERTHYROIDISM
1. Problem
In this endocrine and metabolic block essay, I will address the problem of an enlarged
neck, hand tremors, and accompanied by skin rashes or hives. Diseases that can cause
this problem are thyroid hormone levels that are too high or can also be called
hyperthyroidism.
2. Discussion
A. Hyperthyroidism
a. Definition
Hyperthyroidism, which is commonly known by the public, namely goiter is a
thyroid problem that can cause swollen neck, hand tremors, and rashes on the
skin or hives. More than 95% of hyperthyroidism is caused by morbus grave
(toxic diffuse goiter) and morbus plummer (toxic diffuse goiter).
Hyperthyroidism is a clinical condition caused by an increase in the
concentration of thyroid hormone in tissues due to an increase in hormone
synthesis by the thyroid gland in the form of an increase in the release of
endogenous thyroid hormone or exogenous extrathyroidal sources. On the
other hand, thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical manifestations resulting from
excessive turnover of thyroid hormone. The most common triggers of
hyperthyroidism are Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic
adenoma. Another trigger that is also often found is thyroiditis, after which the
rare causes include trophoblastic disease, excessive iodine consumption or
thyroid hormone drugs, amiodarone drugs and hypersecretion of Thyroid
Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
Raflesia Medical Daily Vol. 6 (1) 202031 the most common cause of
hyperthyroidism is found around 60-80% of all cases of thyrotoxicosis
worldwide. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism in Indonesia ranges from 6.9%
(Indonesian Basic Health Research Information, 2007) and in the United
States, the total prevalence of hyperthyroidism is 1.2%. and 0.8% in Europe.
Hyperthyroidism increases with age and is more common in women. The ratio
between women and men is 8:1 manifestation occurs in the third and fourth
decades of life. In some conditions, the signs and symptoms of
hyperthyroidism are very clear, and by physical examination alone,
thyrotoxicosis can be established quickly. In general, to diagnose the presence
of thyrotoxicosis and determine the cause requires an even, thorough,
thorough history and physical examination, assisted by supporting tests such
