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ESS 101 Midterm UW exam questions
with answers
What mineral group is a major economic source of lead? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔sulfide The _____ mineral group is a major economic source lime for cement. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔carbonate Meteorites that strike the earth are predominantly composed of _____?
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔iron-nickel and silicate minerals Why are P-waves completely absorbed as they enter the outer core? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔none of the above answers are correct as P- waves are not completely absorbed in the outer core During differentiation of the earth, heat was generated from _____. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) kinetic energy of impacting planetesimals
- compressional heating during condensation of planetesimals
- radioactive heating
Why does the Yellowstone hotspot volcanism produce more explosive volcanic eruptions than the Hawaiian hotspot volcanism? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔upwelling basaltic magma partially melts the overlying continental crust producing viscous rhyolitic lava Which of the following bond strength rankings are in the correct order from weakest to strongest? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Van der Waal, ionic, covalent How can we best explain the fact that the inner and outer cores are both composed of metallic iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) yet the outer core is liquid and the inner core solid? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the melting temperature for Fe-Ni is lower than the geothermal gradient temperature in the outer core What type of seismic wave shadow zone is shown on the image above?
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔S-wave How can one best explain the seismic wave properties shown in the above diagram? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) refraction of seismic wave due to density changes
- absorption of seismic waves due to phase change from solid to liquid
As igneous rock partially melts the magma is typically - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) more felsic (silica-rich) than the rock 2)lower density than the rock Match the magma/lava type with the appropriate geographic/tectonic setting where it likely formed.
- Columbia Plateau
- Asthenosphere
- Mount Fuji, Japan - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. basalt
- peridotite
- andesite What is the ratio of Si:O in the tetrahedral structure of this mineral? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1:2: What kind of tectonic setting is represented by the Ural Mountains, which separate Asia from Europe? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ancient collision margin (continent-continent) Following differentiation the Earth became compositionally zoned according to ______. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔density of constituent matter
The cause of volcanism observed in the Andes Mountains (South America) is most similar to that of _____. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Japan What scientific observations of the solar system indicate that the sun and planet formed from a rotating, disk-shaped, nebular dust cloud? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) the planets all revolve in a counter-clockwise direction around the sun
- most of the planets and their moons rotate on their axis in a counter-clockwise direction
- the planetary orbits are aligned along the sun's equatorial plane Divergent margins typically originate under continents because ______.
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the insulating property of thick continental lithosphere retains more heat than ocean lithosphere Magnetic minerals that crystallize in a lava flow erupted near the South Pole today will ______. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) be oriented perpendicular to the surface of the lava flow
- will have a normal polarity and point toward magnetic north A aphanitic (volcanic) rock composed of 10% plagioclase, 5% pyroxene, and 85% olivine would be classified as ______. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔peridotite
tetrahedra? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔this mineral may have Al atom in its tetrahedra which requires additional ionic bonds with Ca atoms Australia has unique faunal (animal) assemblages compared to the other continents because ______. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔it has been tectonically isolated from other continents for a very long period of time In the geologic techniques lab you calculated the stream length of a section of the Wenatchee River ______. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔using a string and a topographic map's bar scale In the plate tectonics lab we observed that oceanic crust comprising the Juan de Fuca plate was being created at the spreading ridge at a rate ______ the rate of its subduction beneath the North American plate. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔less than In the minerals lab the main diagnostic criteria for identifying biotite mica was ______. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔its cleavage into dark flexible sheets Which vest is Terry's favorite color to wear? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔his light tan canvas vest What is Terry's favorite tree? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔bristlecone pine
at what depth does partial melting of the continental crust and fluid occur? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔35-45km what did terry wear - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔his second favorite vest what is the temperature of the rising granitic magma when it solidifies? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔600-800 degrees celsius why does the granitic magma not typically reach the surface? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the melting temp increases with decresing pressure because of high dissolved water content what mineral group is a major economic source of lead and copper? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔sulfide what mineral group is a major source of iron and magnetite? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔oxide why does the yellowstone hotspot volcanism produce more explosive volcanic eruptions than the hawaiian hotspot volcanism? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔upwelling basaltic magma partially melts the overlying continental crust producing viscous rhyolitic lava
true statement regarding the inner and outer core? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the melting temp for Fe-Ni is lower than the actual temp in the outer core lava compostion of mt st. helens compared to larvas erupted from mt rainier - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔it is dacite and it tends to be more silca-rich than rainier before the earth could become differentiated into compisitional zones... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the melting temp of iron must be reached as magma crystallized into igneous rock, the remaining fluid is what - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔more felsic (silica-rich) and higher temp than the residual magma what kind of tectonic setting is represented by the ural mountains separating from europe from asia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔collision margin following differentiation the earth became compositionally zoned according to what - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔density of the constituent matter
the cause of the colcanism observed in teh cascades is most similar to that of - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔japan austalia has unique faunal assemblages compared to the other continents because - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔it has been textonically isolated form other continents for a very long period of time the olympic and coast mountains of washington are composed of what
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔marine sedimentary rocks scraped off the ocean floor during subduction
