Engineering Utilities 2 - Escalator and Elevator | Study notes Engineering

Module 3.1

BUILDING CONVEYING SYSTEM (BCS) – consume a significant fraction of the TOTAL ENERGY used in tall buildings.

- Mechanically move occupants and goods

ELEVATOR (Electric and hydraulic)

ESCALOTOR (Crisscross and Parallel)

CONVEYOR (Moving ramp, Moving walk)

ELEVETOR – hoisting and lowering mechanism

- moves vertical direction

- serves to or more floor

HISTORY OF ELEVATOR

1600s – lifting freight

- manufacturing plants

- began as SIMPLE ROPE or CHAIN HOISTS

1853 – Elisha Graves Otis (introduced the FIRST SAFETY PASSENGER ELEVATOR at the CRYSTAL PLACE

CONVENTION in NYC)

TYPES OF ELEVATOR

Traction Elevator - pully like (Groove)

2 types of traction elevator

GEARLESS – spun and worm

- high rise building

Travel distance up to 500m

Travel speed (20mps)

GEARED- gear and worm

- mid-rise

- travel distance up to 75m

- travel speed (2mps)

MACHINE ROOM-LESS ELAVATOR

- do not have dedicated machine room

- require less space

- travel distance up to 165m

- travel speed (3mps)

HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR – used FLUID-DRIVEN HYDRAULIC JACK

4 types of hydraulic elevator

1. Conventional- in ground hydraulic jack

2. Telescopic – telescoping plunger

3. Hole less – 1 to 2 jacks

4. Roped- combination of hydraulic jack and cables

Parts of an Elevator:

1. Elevator Car – Cage

2. Elevator Cab – Decorative room

3. Hoistway – shaft like spaced, enclosed by fireproof walls

4. Drive unit – supplies the power of movement of a car.

5. Buffer – Energy absorber, large spring or oil dampener-spring combination

6. Car operating station – Panel mounted

7. Hall station – control panel located outside the elevator doorway

8. Traveling cable – set of electric conductors

9. Elevator controller – microprocessor-based

10. Governor – Stop the elevator in-case of emergency

11. Brake – spring loaded clamping

12. Door interlock – prevent the operation, prevent the opening of the hoist

13. Emergency stop – switch is a hand-operated switch/ stops the elevator and prohibits its running

Safety Features of an Elevator

Governor

Safety

Limit switches

Counterweight

Buffer

Elevator types based on use

Passenger elevator – transport of people through bldg.

Freight elevator – Cargo lift,

- carry material, goods, and equipment

- capable of carrying (13 tons / 26,000lb (11,000kg) ) weight capacity.

Dumbwaiter – used to carry light cargo and has a height of 1.20m

-Passengers are not permitted

Manlift – provide vertical transportation of authorized personnel and their tools and equipment only

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Module 3.

BUILDING CONVEYING SYSTEM (BCS) – consume a significant fraction of the TOTAL ENERGY used in tall buildings.

Mechanically move occupants and goods  ELEVATOR (Electric and hydraulic)  ESCALOTOR (Crisscross and Parallel)  CONVEYOR (Moving ramp, Moving walk) ELEVETOR – hoisting and lowering mechanism
moves vertical direction
serves to or more floor HISTORY OF ELEVATOR  1600s – lifting freight
manufacturing plants
began as SIMPLE ROPE or CHAIN HOISTS  1853 – Elisha Graves Otis (introduced the FIRST SAFETY PASSENGER ELEVATOR at the CRYSTAL PLACE CONVENTION in NYC) TYPES OF ELEVATOR  Traction Elevator - pully like (Groove) 2 types of traction elevator  GEARLESS – spun and worm
high rise building Travel distance up to 500m Travel speed (20mps)  GEARED- gear and worm
mid-rise
travel distance up to 75m
travel speed (2mps)  MACHINE ROOM-LESS ELAVATOR
do not have dedicated machine room
require less space
travel distance up to 165m
travel speed (3mps)  HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR – used FLUID-DRIVEN HYDRAULIC JACK 4 types of hydraulic elevator

Conventional- in ground hydraulic jack
Telescopic – telescoping plunger
Hole less – 1 to 2 jacks
Roped- combination of hydraulic jack and cables Parts of an Elevator:
Elevator Car – Cage
Elevator Cab – Decorative room
Hoistway – shaft like spaced, enclosed by fireproof walls
Drive unit – supplies the power of movement of a car.
Buffer – Energy absorber, large spring or oil dampener-spring combination
Car operating station – Panel mounted
Hall station – control panel located outside the elevator doorway
Traveling cable – set of electric conductors
Elevator controller – microprocessor-based
Governor – Stop the elevator in-case of emergency
Brake – spring loaded clamping
Door interlock – prevent the operation, prevent the opening of the hoist
Emergency stop – switch is a hand-operated switch/ stops the elevator and prohibits its running Safety Features of an Elevator  Governor  Safety  Limit switches  Counterweight  Buffer Elevator types based on use  Passenger elevator – transport of people through bldg.  Freight elevator – Cargo lift,

carry material, goods, and equipment
capable of carrying (13 tons / 26,000lb (11,000kg) ) weight capacity.  Dumbwaiter – used to carry light cargo and has a height of 1.20m -Passengers are not permitted  Manlift – provide vertical transportation of authorized personnel and their tools and equipment only

Module 3.

THE ESCALATOR – moving staircase (move up and down at an incline of about 30 degrees)  As per NBC (sec. 1302)

angle of inclination shall not exceed 30 degrees from the horizontal  In General
27.3degree inclination (H > 6m)
30degree inclination
35degree inclination (H = 6m)  Commercial
35degree inclination is accepted  Speed
32” wide = 90’/min (normal hours)
48” wide = 120’/min (rush hours) HISTORY OF ESCALATOR  1859 (Nathan Ames) – invented the First escalator and he called it “Revolving Stairs”  1892 (Jesse Reno) – he produced “The Inclined Elevator”
was installed nest to the old iron pier on coney island, New York in 1896  1897 (Charles Seeberger) – who coined the name “Escalator” from the words “Scala” Latin means steps and “Elevator” which had been already invented and being used. Types of ESCALATORS

Parallel – up & down escalators are side by side or separated by a distance
Crisscross – Minimize structural space
Multiple Parallel – 2 or more escalator together that travel in one direction next to one or two escalators
Curved – A spiral escalator with curved steps / to enhanced structural beauty and to save space. Types of Escalators based on inclination  The Escalator (moving stairs)- 30degree inclination  The Travelator (moving ramp) – slow conveyor belt that transport people on an incline manner  The Walkalator (moving walk) – transport people horizontally Parts of an Escalator
Balustrade – side of escalator extending above the steps.
Truss – Assembly of structural steel that supports the weight and load of an escalator 2.1. Upper Machine Room / Lower Machine Room  Control panel – control stop/start operation and also supplies electric power to the drive unit  Drive Machine – Located at the top sprocket  Drive Chain – a chain that transmits the drive unis power to the drive wheel.  Upper Sprocket / Lower Sprocket – Drive wheels that installed at the upper and lower parts 2.2. Other Truss Parts  Main Track – A rail to guide the driving rollers  Trailing Track – a rail to guide the trailing rollers  Moving handrail drive unit – device that indirectly drives the moving handrail at the same speed
STEPS – also known as “TRACKS”, moving platform on which escalator passenger ride. TRIVIA  Brushes along the edge – act as a broom and prevent lots of small objects  Skirt Deflector – Brushes are pitched downward to discourage the retention of liquids and other contaminants along the brush surface. ELEVATOR | ESCALATOR BRAND IN PHILIPPINES  Thyssenkrupp  Hyundai  Mitsubishi electric  Toshiba  Schindler  Fujitec  Kone  Hitachi

Engineering Utilities 2 - Escalator and Elevator, Study notes of Engineering

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Module 3.

Module 3.