Download EMT AAOS Section 7 Trauma Test Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
EMT AAOS Section 7 Trauma Test Questions
with 100% Correct Answers | Verified |
Updated
If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:
A. additional sterile dressings. B. a splint and elevate the extremity. C. a tourniquet proximal to the injury. D. digital pressure to a proximal artery. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -a tourniquet proximal to the injury.
- A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an attack by a gang. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
A. preparing for immediate transport. B. applying oxygen via nasal cannula. C. performing a focused physical exam. D. a detailed assessment of his abdomen. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -preparing for immediate transport.
- What is the approximate blood volume of a 75-kg adult?
A. 5.25 L B. 5.50 L C. 6.25 L
D. 6.50 L - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -5.25 L
- An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:
A. body's demand for oxygen is markedly increased. B. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C). C. systolic arterial blood pressure is at least 60 mm Hg. D. heart rate is maintained at more than 100 beats/min. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).
- The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:
A. systolic blood pressure. B. poor general appearance. C. the mechanism of injury. D. clinical signs and symptoms. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -systolic blood pressure.
- Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for up to 2 hours?
A. brain B. heart C. kidneys D. skeletal muscle - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -skeletal muscle
- Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?
A. Venous and capillary blood typically does not clot spontaneously. B. Bleeding begins to clot when the end of a damaged vessel dilates. C. Direct contact with the environment prevents blood from clotting. D. A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting.
C. a detailed exam is needed to determine the cause. D. many medications interfere with blood clotting. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration
- A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
A. having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine. B. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward. C. placing a rolled 4″ × 4″ dressing between his lower lip and gum. D. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.
- Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?
A. air splint B. vacuum splint C. sling and swathe D. cardboard splint - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -air splint
- Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?
A. an effectively pumping heart B. an intact system of blood vessels C. adequate blood in the vasculature D. the filtering of blood cells in the spleen - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -the filtering of blood cells in the spleen
- Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:
A. dyspnea. B. hematuria. C. hemoptysis. D. hematemesis. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -hematemesis.
- When using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the EMT should:
A. cover the tourniquet with a sterile dressing. B. stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops. C. twist the stick until the radial pulse disappears. D. remove the tourniquet if the bleeding has stopped. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -hematemesis.
- A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should:
A. apply direct pressure to the wound. B. place the patient on 100% oxygen. C. follow appropriate standard precautions. D. perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -follow appropriate standard precautions.
- A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:
A. obtain baseline vital signs. B. apply a nonrebreathing mask. C. perform a secondary assessment. D. assist the patient's ventilations. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -assist the patient's ventilations.
C. apply oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask. D. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -control the bleeding with direct pressure
- As red blood cells begin to clump together to form a clot, __________ reinforces the clumped red blood cells.
A. fibrin B. plasma C. fibrinogen D. plasminogen - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -fibrinogen
- Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:
A. bruising only. B. pain and distention. C. widespread ecchymosis. D. significant hypotension. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -pain and distention.
- An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.
A. 50 mL B. 100 mL C. 150 mL D. 200 mL - Answer ✔️ ✔️ - 100 mL
- Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 15%
D. 20% - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -20%
- Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:
A. is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped. B. should be controlled by packing the nostril with gauze. C. should be assumed to be caused by a fractured septum. D. is usually due to hypertension caused by the head injury. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.
- Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:
A. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first.
B. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.
C. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding.
D. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.
- Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?
A. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets. B. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. C. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting.
c) his or her baseline blood pressure.
d) the part of the body injured. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -how rapidly he or she bleeds.
Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:
a) systolic blood pressure exclusively.
b) white blood cell's ability to fight infection.
c) ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen.
d) ability of the blood to effectively clot. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -ability of the blood to effectively clot.
During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:
a) assess the quality of her pulse.
b) repeat the primary assessment.
c) perform a secondary assessment.
d) begin assisting her ventilations. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -repeat the primary assessment.
Hypoperfusion is another name for:
a) hypoxemia.
b) cyanosis.
c) shock.
d) cellular death. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -shock.
The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:
a) venules.
b) arterioles.
c) vena cavae.
d) capillary arteries. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -arterioles.
In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:
a) a low blood pressure.
b) weakness or dizziness.
c) a heart rate over 120 beats/min.
d) diaphoresis and pale skin. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -weakness or dizziness.
What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?
a) epidermis
b) dermis
c) subcutaneous layer
d) muscular layer - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -epidermis
Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?
a) scalp
b) ears
c) soles of the feet
d) back - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Ears
A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:
a.) epidermis
b.) fatty layer
c.) muscle fascia
d.) dermal layer - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -dermal layer
Which areas have thick/thin skin? - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Thick - Scalp, Back, and Soles of the feet
Hematoma - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Blood that has collected within damaged tissue in body cavity. Large Blood Vessel damaged/bleeds rapidly. From fracture.
Ecchymosis - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Buildup of blood produced blue or black discoloration.
Crushing Injuries - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Great amount of force applied to the body. Cuts off circulation
Compartment Syndrome - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Blood Vessels compressed cutting off blood flow to the tissues.
A 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his arm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man's arm has been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be MOST concerned that this patient has:
a.) internal hemorrhage
b.) compartment syndrome
c.) a severe closed fracture
d.) damage to the radial nerve - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -compartment syndrome
Crushing Syndrome - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Area of the body trapped for longer than 4+ hours; Arterial blood flow is compromised. Can lead to renal failure and death.
Three types of soft-tissue injuries: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Closed injuries
Open injuries
Burns
Five types of open injuries: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A.....Abrasions
L.....Lacerations
E.....Eviscerations
A.....Avulsions
P.....Penetrating wounds
Treatment for closed soft-tissue injuries using the
RICES mnemonic. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -R.....Rest
I.....Ice
C.....Compression
E.....Elevation
S.....Splinting
The hallmark sign of compartment syndrome is:
a. A lack of pain despite the severity of the injury
b. Extreme redness to the injury site
c. A bounding pulse distal to the injury
d. Pain out of proportion to the injury - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -d. Pain out of proportion to the injury
An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):
a. Incision
b. Avulsion
c. Laceration
d. Amputation - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -b. Avulsion
A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):
a. Abrasion
b. Contusion
c. Hematoma
d. Swelling may mask hidden injuries - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -a. Of the risk for airway problems
A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his/her field of vision has MOST likely experienced:
a. Conjunctivitis
b. Acute hyphema
c. A blowout fracture
d. A detached retina - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -d. A detached retina
Whenever skin has been burned - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -the body begins shifting fluids to the affected area in an effort to begin the recovery process. This leads to non-hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock. This leads to hypothermia.
Burn severity depends on: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Depth of burn
Extent of burn
Critical areas involved
...face, upper airway, hands, feet, genitalia.
Preexisting medical conditions
Patients younger than 5 or older than 55
Easy way to measure 1% of patients body? - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Palm is 1%
Types of Burns: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Thermal heat
Frictional heat
Chemicals
Electricity
Nuclear radiation
Regardless of the type of burn injury, it is important for you to: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -i. Stop the burning process.
ii. Apply dressing to prevent contamination.
iii. Treat the patient for shock.
1st Degree
2nd Degree
3rd Degree - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -superficial only; epidermis; sunburn
partial thickness burn; epidermis and portion of dermis; blisters are present; intense pain
Full thickness burn - Burned skin that is dry, leathery, and often either white or charred.
all skin layers and maybe subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, internal organs
2 problems that pt's can have from an electrical burn: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -i. There may be a large amount of deep tissue injury.
ii. The patient may go into cardiac or respiratory arrest from the electric shock.
Irritation or damage to the pleural surfaces that causes sharp chest pain during inhalation is called - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Pleurisy
The ________ nerves control the diaphragm. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Phrenic
The face is composed of: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ --Eyes, ears, nose, mouth, cheeks, & jowls
- Six bones (nasal, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomas, & the mandible)
The mastoid process is located approximately where? - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -The prominent bony mass at the base of the skull about 1" posterior to the external opening of the ear.
a) mastoid process bruising
b) ecchymosis around the eyes
c) noted deformity to the skull
d) superficial scalp lacerations - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -d) superficial scalp lacerations
The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ - 7 - cervical, 12 - thoracic, 5-lumbar, 5-sacral, and 4-coccygeal.
Spinal column has how many vertebrae? - Answer ✔️ ✔️ - 33 bones make the vertebrae
Vertebrae are connected by ligaments and separated by cushions called: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ - Intervertebral Disks
The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C3, C4, and C5.
S/S of Skull fractures- - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Visible bone fragments,
bits of brain tissue,
altered mental status,
depressions or deformity,
battle's signs,
Unequal or nonreactive pupils,
Raccoon eyes,
bleeding from ear or nose,
increased blood pressure,
decreased pulse rate,
temperature increase,
impaired hearing,
ringing ears,
posturing(decorticate, decerebrate),
Paralysis,
seizures.
What are the 4 types of skull fractures? - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Linear- No physical sign of deformity
Compressed-High Energy direct trauma-Blunt object; baseball bat. Frontal/Partial areas of skull are very thin
Basilar-High Energy direct trauma - falls, MVA; csf drainage from the ears possible
Open-severe forces w/multiple body systems; Brain tissue may be exposed
Which of the following organs or structures does NOT reside within the mediastinum?
A. lungs
B. trachea
C. vena cavae
D. esophagus - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. Lungs
When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A specialist may need to be called.
Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A blowout fracture
