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EMT AAOS Chapter 11 Pharmacology Exam
Questions and Answers
A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it:
A. may cause harm or have no positive effect.
B. produces actions other than the desired ones.
C. is used to treat a multitude of conditions.
D. is used to treat a specific medical condition. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. may cause harm or have no positive effect.
Activated charcoal is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that:
A. significantly slows the process of digestion.
B. binds to any chemicals that are in the stomach.
C. facilitates movement through the digestive system.
D. disguises the unpleasant taste of the activated charcoal. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -c. facilitates movement through the digestive system.
Your patient is complaining of chest pain. He states it feels just like his last heart attack. You have applied oxygen with no relief. He does not take any medications. His BP is 88/64, pulse is 100, and respirations are 20. Your treatment should include.
A. Asprin
B. Nitroglycerin
C. albuterol MDI
D. epinephrine - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. aspirin
You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After confirming the drug's name and expiration date, you should:
A. administer the drug.
B. contact medical control.
C. ask her if she takes other medications.
D. request an ALS ambulance to administer the drug. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -B. contact medical control
C. Parenteral routes tend to be absorbed more quickly than enteral.
E. Parenteral medications tend to have fewer side effects. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. parenteral routes tend to be absorbed more quickly than enteral.
With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _______ oxygen. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -44%
Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct? - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used.
When administering naloxone (Narcan) via the intranasal route, the EMT should administer: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -a half dose into each nostril.
Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route? - Answer ✔️ ✔️ - Intravenous (IV)
You arrive at a residence approximately 20 minutes after a 7-year-old boy, who weighs 22 kg, ingested a bottle of Advil. He is conscious and alert and has stable vital signs. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal and then transport the child at once. The appropriate maximum dose of activated charcoal for this child is:
A. 22 g.
B. 44 g.
C. 11 g.
D. 36 g. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -B. 44 g.
The _____ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered.
A. type
B. form
C. class
D. name - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -B. Form
You are attending to a 52-year old female patient who appears to have suffered a stroke. The patient is alone in her apartment and is unable to speak or communicate with you. In determining her medical history, it is most appropriate to: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -search for and document all medications (prescription and nonprescription) that the patient may be taking.
You are attending to a 26-year-old suspected overdose patient who is unresponsive. As part of your care you administer naloxone to reverse the effects of the suspected opioid overdose. Immediately after administering the drug you realize that while the dose and the route were correct, the patient condition did not warrant Naloxone as per your local protocols. Your most appropriate next step should be to: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -continue to provide care for the patient and address any issues that the naloxone administration may have caused.
a 49-year-old-male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should:
A. administer one nitroglycerin and call medical control.
B. obtain physician approval to give the nitroglycerin.
You are attending to a 54-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain that appears to be cardiac in origin. As part of your management of the patient, you administer nitroglycerin as long as the patient meets defined conditions. This is an example of: - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -standing orders
After taking diphendydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):
A)side effect.
B)untoward effect.
C)therapeutic effect.
D)unpredictable effect. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. Side effect
Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:
A. prevents the aggregation of platelets.
B. dissolves the coronary artery clot.
C. causes direct coronary vasodilation.
D. reduces the associated chest pain. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. prevents the aggregation of platelets.
You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should:
A. contact medical control, apprise him or her of the patient's chief complaint and vital signs, and request permission to give him aspirin.
B. confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.
C. assist the patient in taking one of his prescribed nitroglycerin, assess his vital signs, and give him aspirin if he is still experiencing chest discomfort.
D. ensure that the patient's systolic blood pressure is at least 100 mm Hg since aspirin dilates the blood vessels and can cause a drop in bl - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -B. confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.
Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:
A. transport her in a sitting position.
B. place her supine and elevate her legs.
C. assist ventilations with a bag-mask device.
D. wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -B. place her supine and elevate her legs.
When given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain, nitroglycerin:
A. relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries.
Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption?
A. oral
B. inhalation
C. rectal
D. sublingual - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. oral
You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After administering 100% oxygen, you should:
A. verify the medication name.
B. administer the drug.
C. contact medical control.
D. check the drug's expiration date. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. contact medical control.
You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her
breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?
A. Begin immediate transport and request an intercept with a paramedic ambulance.
B. Administer her epinephrine, reassess her condition, and transport her promptly.
C. Give her half the dose of her epinephrine in case her allergic reaction is delayed.
D. Give her oxygen, transport her to the hospital, and monitor her condition en route. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ - D. Give her oxygen, transport her to the hospital, and monitor her condition en route.
A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:
A. check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current.
B. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.
C. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress.
D. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -B. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.
How is nitroglycerin usually given by the emt - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Sublingually
After taking Benadryl for an allergic reaction a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of an - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Side effect
Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are brand(trade) names for the generic medication - Answer ✔️ ✔️ - ibuprofen
A 62 year old male presents with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering 100% oxygen and contacting medical control, you should
- Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100
Which of the following is not a characteristic of epinephrine - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Decreases heart rate and blood pressure
Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto injector is correct? - Answer ✔️ ✔️ - The epinephrine auto injector delivers a preset amount of the drug
A 62 year old male presents with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering 100% oxygen and contacting medical control, you should
- Answer ✔️ ✔️ -Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100
