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MOUSE PARTY: DRUGS AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Use the Mouse Party interactive from the University of Utah Genetic Science Learning
Center to explore effects of each of the drugs listed below. Then, complete the table with
this information:
Drug Neurotransmitter/ Neurotransmitters How does the drug alter activities at the synapse? Agonist or antagonist Behavior and cognitive effects Alcohol Gaba Inhibitory and Glutamate Neurotransmitters First it interacts with the Gaba making them more inhibitory and second that it binds to the Glutamate receptors preventing them to exit the cell Alcohol is an agonist on Gaba, because alcohol mimics the effects of Gaba in the brain and they bind to Gaba receptors therefor inhibiting neuronal signaling While on Glutamate alcohol is an antagonist because alcohol blocks glutamate receptors. increasing aggression, self-disclosure, impairments in judgement, inhibition, motor skills, memory loss, problems with learning and lastly dementia. Cocaine Dopamine Neurotransmitter Cocaine blocks the dopamine transporters, as a result the dopamine receptors are over stimulating the cell. An agonist since it increases the potential time that these neurotransmitters might be active in the synapse. psychosis or paranoia, memory loss, anxiety, panic attacks, or problems with aggression or violence. Methamphetamine Dopamine Neurotransmitter Meth enters the dopamine vesicles forcing the dopamine molecules out. The excess dopamine in the cell will cause the transporters working on reverse actively pumping dopamine out of the cell. Since the dopamine is trapped in the synaptic cleft it binds into the receptors, overstimulating the cell Methamphetamine is an agonist to dopamine. It binds its self to dopamine vesicle competitively, resulting in the sustained release of dopamine, from the cytosol into the synapse. Impaired cognitive functions such as executive function, attention and concentration, social cognition, flexibility, working memory and decision making, judgment and problem solving, motor functions, impulse and emotional control. Regular methamphetamine users are more likely to develop severe psychiatric disorders, such as psychotic-like behaviors such as delusions, hallucinations, and impaired reality testing.
LSD
Serotonin Neurotransmitter LSD chemically resembles serotonin and draws out its effect by binding to the serotonin receptors. LSD interacts with particular receptors that may inhibit or excite the cell and this is also why LSD has a very complex sensory effect. LSD is both an agonist and antagonist Agonist because it mimics what the effects of serotonin, they activate serotonin receptors in a manner similar to that of serotonin, a neurotransmitter and hormone and the endogenous ligand of the serotonin receptors. Antagonist because there are other research and studies say that LSD and its chemical structure BOL acts antagonistic of serotonin-elicited contractions in smooth muscle preparations, Despite the fact that LSD was a partial agonist and BOL was a pure antagonist, both drugs completely blocked the effect of serotonin like increasing concentrations of serotonin could not overcome the blocking effect of LSD or BOL. LSD majorly showed positive effects like increase in positive mood, friendliness, arousal, and decreasing attentional lapses. Negative effects manifested as confusion, anxiety, Psychedelic-induced changes. But those people who take it on a whole new level experience convulsion, hallucinations and paranoia Marijuana Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Dopamine Neurotransmitter in a way THC the chemical in marijuana mimics what the anandamide does and binds its self to the cannabinoid receptor to turn off the inhibitory neurotransmitter and allow dopamine to synapse Marijuana is also both an agonist and antagonist since it mimics what the anandamide is doing and its effects only in a longer duration but THC also serves as a partial antagonist, because it is able to attenuate the effects of Cannabinoid Receptors and the endocannabinoid 2 - arachidonylglycerol on synaptic transmission. THC intoxication has been shown to impair cognitive function on a number of levels from basic motor coordination to more complex tasks, such as the ability to plan, organize, solve problems, make decisions, remember, and control emotions and behavior. However, evidence regarding the effects of long-term heavy cannabis use on cognition remains equivocal.
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