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I want to share you my notes when I was reviewing for the Psychometrician board exam 2024. I hope this may help you to in your own review. This note contains information about the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development during the prenatal stage, and infancy/ toddlerhood stage.
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-conception to birth -it’s all about the growing live being inside the mother’s womb -Dependent to mother -we all started as a zygote -Age : Conception to birth
Prenatal stages of development:
*diet *consumption or use of drugs *exposure to chemicals or toxic env or any kinds of env. -exposure to x-ray, radiation *Psychological state of the mother (stress, depress) *age *Weight *Disease (Measles, parasites, HIV) PATERNAL FACTORS *consumption of drugs; habitual smoking before conceiving a baby (can produce bad sperm) *Age (old and young father can create bad ver. of sperm) LIST OF COMPLICATIONS THAT CAN HAPPEN DUE TO NEGATIVE INFLUENCES DURING PRENATAL DEV.: Low birth weight Premature baby Stillbirth Mental retardation or any other mental issues /disorder Medical diseases
Gestation - conception to birth Gestation age - LMP to current (birth) *The last mentrual period (LMP) refers to the first day (onset of bleeding) of your last menstrual period before falling pregnant Teratogens - Any substances that can negatively impact prenatal dev. -this may include viruses, bacteria, (anything that may cause illness) as well that may cause problems to the baby in the womb Cephalocaudal principle - the direction of development starts from head to bottom Proximodistal principle -the direction of development starts from the center to the appendages or sides.
-Milestone: Walking (Once achieved-> toddler) Weaning Teething-3rd to 4 th^ month -Dev challenges: *Adjusting to the world by making our own organ system function on its own; no longer reliant to the mother *Reliant to caregiver to be fed, hygiene,
*growth is rampant or rapid BRAIN DEVELOPMENT:
According to Gibson’s ecological theory, sensory perception and motor activity are coordinated from birth, helping infants figure out how to navigate in their environment. Thelen’s dynamic systems theory holds that infants develop motor skills, not by maturation alone but by active coordination of multiple systems of action within a changing environment.