Understanding Data Attributes: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio, Lecture notes of Data Mining

Download Understanding Data Attributes: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio and more Lecture notes Data Mining in PDF only on Docsity!

Tid Refund Marital Status

Taxable Income Cheat

1 Yes Single 125K No

2 No Married 100K No

3 No Single 70K No

4 Yes Married 120K No

5 No Divorced 95K (^) Yes

6 No Married 60K No

7 Yes Divorced 220K No

8 No Single 85K Yes

9 No Married 75K No

10 No Single 90K Yes 10

Attributes

Objects

1

2

3

5

5

7

8

15

(^10 )

A

B

C

D

E

•  –  –  – 

Attribute

Type

Description Examples Operations

Nominal The values of a nominal attribute are

just different names, i.e., nominal

attributes provide only enough

information to distinguish one object

from another. (=, )

zip codes, employee

ID numbers, eye color,

sex: { male, female }

mode, entropy,

contingency

correlation, ^2 test

Ordinal The values of an ordinal attribute

provide enough information to order

objects. (<, >)

hardness of minerals,

{ good, better, best },

grades, street numbers

median, percentiles,

rank correlation,

run tests, sign tests

Interval For interval attributes, the

differences between values are

meaningful, i.e., a unit of

measurement exists.

calendar dates,

temperature in Celsius

or Fahrenheit

mean, standard

deviation, Pearson's

correlation, t and F

tests

Ratio For ratio variables, both differences

and ratios are meaningful. (*, /)

temperature in Kelvin,

monetary quantities,

counts, age, mass,

length, electrical

current

geometric mean,

harmonic mean,

percent variation

Attribute

Level

Transformation Comments

Nominal Any permutation of values If all employee ID numbers

were reassigned, would it

make any difference?

Ordinal An order preserving change of

values, i.e.,

new_value = f(old_value)

where f is a monotonic function.

An attribute encompassing

the notion of good, better

best can be represented

equally well by the values

{1, 2, 3} or by { 0.5, 1,10}.

Interval new_value =a * old_value + b

where a and b are constants

Thus, the Fahrenheit and

Celsius temperature scales

differ in terms of where

their zero value is and the

size of a unit (degree).

Ratio new_value = a * old_value Length can be measured in

meters or feet.

• – –  – –  – – – –

•  –  – 



Projection Distance Load Thickness

of y load

Projection

of x Load

Projection Distance Load Thickness

of y load

Projection

of x Load

Document 1

timeoutseason team coachy pla ball score gamen wi lost

Document 2

Document 3

Data Mining

Graph Partitioning

Parallel Solution of Sparse Linear System of Equations

N-Body Computation and Dense Linear System Solvers

GGTTCCGCCTTCAGCCCCGCGCC

CGCAGGGCCCGCCCCGCGCCGTC

GAGAAGGGCCCGCCTGGCGGGCG

GGGGGAGGCGGGGCCGCCCGAGC

CCAACCGAGTCCGACCAGGTGCC

CCCTCTGCTCGGCCTAGACCTGA

GCTCATTAGGCGGCAGCGGACAG

GCCAAGTAGAACACGCGAAGCGC

TGGGCTGCCTGCTGCGACCAGGG

Average Monthly

Temperature of

land and ocean