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cp102 chapter 2 notes for computer science, Study notes of Computer Science

Wilfrid Laurier UniversityComputer Science

chapter 2 notes for intro to microprocessing

Typology: Study notes

2019/2020

Uploaded on 10/04/2020

jord-awesome
jord-awesome 🇨🇦

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Chapter 2- Looking at Computers: Understanding the Parts
Understanding Digital Components
Learning Outcome 2.1 You will be able to describe the devices that make up a computer
system.
Understanding your Computer
What exactly does a computer do? Four major functions:
Difference between data and information
Data: a representation of a fact, a figure or an idea (number, word, picture, etc)
Information: data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion (contact listing)
How do computers interact with data and information?
Processing (manipulating, calculating or organizing)
Binary language (
Binary digit ( binary digit)
What else can bits and bytes be used for?
Used as the language for computers
Represent the quantity of data and info that the computer inputs and outputs
Sizes
Byte (B): 1 byte
Kilobyte (KB): 1000 bytes (1 page of plain text) Megabyte (MB): 1 million bytes (4 books)
Gigabyte (GB): 1 billion bytes (4500 books) Terabytes(TB): 1 Trillion bytes (4.6 million
books) Petabyte(Pb): 1000 terabytes (4.7 billion books)
Exabyte (Eb): 1 million terabytes (4.8 trillion books) Zettabyte (ZB): 1 billion terabytes
(4.9 quadrillion books)
o Input: It gathers data or allows users to enter data.
o Process: It manipulates, calculates, or organizes that data into information. o Output: It
displays data and information in a form suitable for the user.
o Storage: It saves data and information for later use.
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Chapter 2- Looking at Computers: Understanding the Parts

Understanding Digital Components Learning Outcome 2.1 You will be able to describe the devices that make up a computer system. Understanding your Computer What exactly does a computer do?  Four major functions: Difference between data and information Data: a representation of a fact, a figure or an idea (number, word, picture, etc) Information: data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion (contact listing) How do computers interact with data and information?   Processing (manipulating, calculating or organizing)   Binary language (   Binary digit ( binary digit)  What else can bits and bytes be used for?  Used as the language for computers  Represent the quantity of data and info that the computer inputs and outputs Sizes Byte (B): 1 byte Kilobyte (KB): 1000 bytes (1 page of plain text) Megabyte (MB): 1 million bytes (4 books) Gigabyte (GB): 1 billion bytes (4500 books) Terabytes(TB): 1 Trillion bytes (4.6 million books) Petabyte(Pb): 1000 terabytes (4.7 billion books) Exabyte (Eb): 1 million terabytes (4.8 trillion books) Zettabyte (ZB): 1 billion terabytes (4.9 quadrillion books) o Input: It gathers data or allows users to enter data. o Process: It manipulates, calculates, or organizes that data into information. o Output: It displays data and information in a form suitable for the user. o Storage: It saves data and information for later use.

How do computers process data into information? consists of just two digits: 0 and 1) Each 0 and 1 is a Byte: Eight binary digits (or bits) combine to create one byte Types of Computers  Two basic designs of computers: portable and stationary Portable computers -tablet computer -laptop -ultrabook -2-in-1 PC -Chromebook Stationary -Desktop computers o system unit: houses the main components of the computer plus peripheral devices o peripheral device: a components such as monitor, keyboard that connects to a computer Other types of computers -mainframe -supercomputer -embedded computer -smartphone Input Devices -A keyboard -Touch Screens -Stylus Are all keyboards the same? QWERTY keyboard: the most common layout Dvorak keyboard:-puts the most commonly used letters in the English language on “home keys” -reduces the distance your fingers travel Wireless keyboards: mainly use Bluetooth connectivity and provide alternatives to on-screen keyboards. Touch Screens & Stylus

Laser printers: usually print faster and deliver higher-quality output than inkjet printers. However, inkjet printers can be more economical for casual printing needs. -Specialty printers are also available such as all-in-one printers, large format printers, and thermal printers. -When choosing a printer, you should be aware of factors such as speed, resolution, color output, and cost of consumables. Speakers Objective 2.9 Discuss options for outputting sound from your computing devices.  Speakers are the output devices for sound.  Most computers include basic speakers.  More sophisticated systems include subwoofers and surround sound.  Headphone or earbuds are useful to avoid disturbing others. Processing, Storage, and Connectivity Learning Outcome 2.2 You will be able to describe how computers process and store data and how devices connect to a computer system. Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Objective 2.10 Define motherboard and RAM. The Motherboard   the main circuit board of the system   contains a computer’s CPU, which coordinates the functions of all other devices on the computer   houses slots for expansion cards, which have specific functions that augment the computer’s basic functions. Typical expansion cards are sound and video cards. RAM   the computer’s volatile memory, is also located on the motherboard   RAM is where all the data and instructions are held while the computer is running. CPU

Objective 2.11 Explain the main functions of the CPU.  controls all the functions performed by the computer’s other components  also processes all commands issued to it by software instructions.  The performance of a CPU is affected by the speed of the processor (measured in GHz), the amount of cache memory, and the number of processing cores.