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Global Interstate System and Global Governance: A Study of the United Nations, Summaries of Contemporary Literature

A comprehensive overview of the global interstate system and the role of the united nations in international cooperation, peace, and security. It delves into the structure and dynamics of the un, examining its six principal organs, their powers, functions, and composition. The document also explores the challenges of global governance in the 21st century, highlighting the complexities of international relations and the need for effective multilateralism. It further analyzes the relevance of the state amid globalization, emphasizing the evolving role of nation-states in a globalized world.

Typology: Summaries

2024/2025

Uploaded on 03/03/2025

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Chapter 3: Global Interstate System and Global Governance
Introduction:
Is the idea of the nation-state outdated in the contemporary
world? If so, what is it that we need to think about as
“replacements”? In this lesson, we will look at worldwide
organization of states. This manifests the efforts of countries and
governments in the world to cooperate and collaborate together.
Multinational corporations and non-governmental organizations are
significant organizations that put into question the strength of national
autonomy and global politics.
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this topic, learners should be able to:
1. Understand the structure and dynamics of the Interstate System;
2. Explain the challenges of global governance in the twenty-first
century;
3. Know the powers/functions, composition, headquarters and
membership procedure of the different organs of the United Nations;
4. Identify possible solutions to the problems in the United Nations
structure and dynamics; and
5. Explain the relevance of the state amid globalization
Discussion:
UNITED NATIONS
The United Nations (UN) serves as the primary organization
for international cooperation, peace and security.
It was created in 1945 by the Allied Powers, the victors of
the Second World War.
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Chapter 3: Global Interstate System and Global Governance

Introduction: Is the idea of the nation-state outdated in the contemporary world? If so, what is it that we need to think about as “replacements”? In this lesson, we will look at worldwide organization of states. This manifests the efforts of countries and governments in the world to cooperate and collaborate together. Multinational corporations and non-governmental organizations are significant organizations that put into question the strength of national autonomy and global politics. Learning Objectives: At the end of this topic, learners should be able to:

  1. Understand the structure and dynamics of the Interstate System;
  2. Explain the challenges of global governance in the twenty-first century;
  3. Know the powers/functions, composition, headquarters and membership procedure of the different organs of the United Nations;
  4. Identify possible solutions to the problems in the United Nations structure and dynamics; and
  5. Explain the relevance of the state amid globalization Discussion: UNITED NATIONS The United Nations (UN) serves as the primary organization for international cooperation, peace and security. It was created in 1945 by the Allied Powers, the victors of the Second World War.

Primary Concern: Collective military security through the facilitation of peaceful settlement of disputes among member-states or by commanding allegiance of the entire UN membership; sanctions. Primary Objective: To ensure peace and order, the UN as an organization can be a conflict actor in itself or an instrument for action driven by the interests of particular state. o Representatives of 50 countries convened at the United Nations Conference on International Organization, more commonly known as the San Francisco Conference, to draw up the United Nations Charter. Six Principal Organs

  1. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Primary Objective: To advance the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. Composed of 54 elected members by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) are specialized agencies and independent organizations that are affiliated with the UN.
  2. Trusteeship Council
  • The main organ of the UN to provide international supervision of Trust Territories that are under the administration of seven member-states, to ensure that adequate steps are being made to prepare the peoples of Trust Territories for self-governance.
  1. International Court of Justice (ICJ)
  • It is the United Nation’s principal judicial organ. Its role is to settle legal disputes between states and to provide advisory opinions on legal questions referred by the UN organs, and specialized agencies

 To maintain peace and order, the SC adopts a set of instruments such as sanctions, peacekeeping, and peace enforcement.  UN peacekeepers are deployed to provide security to populations and political and peace building support to countries transition from conflict to peace.

  1. General Assembly (GA)
  • It is the only organ with universal representation, with all 193 members states represented in the body.
  • The GA decides on essential questions with a simple majority, while concerns related to peace and security, budgetary matters, and new membership admissions require a two-thirds majority
  • The GA meets for annual General Assembly Session and general debate participated by several heads of state. The body elects a GA President and 21 Vice President every session for one-year term.
  1. Secretariat
  • Secretary- General is the chief administrative of the UN Secretariat. In Article 97, the SC sends a recommendation to the GA which will appoint the Secretary- General for two five-year terms at most. Antonio Guterres
  • the incumbent Secretary General of United Nations  Article 99 mandates the Secretary- General to call for the attention of the members of the SC on threats to international peace and security, or when the inability of SC members to be responsive or to take responsibility is present. Reforming the United nations
  • Reform has only been met once in 1963 when the UNGA voted for the expansion of the UNSC from 11-15 member-states (UNGA Resolution of 1963).
  • Reforms have long been raised to change the structure of the security Council to distribute the concentration of power and to foster inclusive decision making for marginalized and excluded member-states. References:  Coronacion, D.C., et.al. (2018). Convergence: A College Textbook in Contemporary World. Chapter 3: The Global Interstate System and Global Governance pp. 57-65. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.  Hobsbawm, Eric J. 1996. “The Future of the State.” Development and Change 27(2): 267–278.  Lobo, J.L. (2019). The Contemporary World. Chapter 6-7: The Global Interstate System and The Contemporary Global Governance pp 73-
  1. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.  Mazower, Mark. 2006. “An International Civilization? Empire, Internationalism and the Crisis of the Mid-Twentieth Century.” International Affairs 82(3): 553–566.

It was a clear sunny August midday of 2016. In the past years, Dodong recalls how this time of the year spells bountiful catch for him and other groups of fishermen in Bajo De Masinloc or Panatag shoal. He also narrated how rich the fishing grounds of the Kalburo is (kalburo is their native name for the Scalborough Shoal). When asked about the fishes that abound the shore of the shoal situated just 124 nautical miles off Zambales. Madaming isda doon, maganda and mga and orange lapu-lapu, bakalaw, tanigue and damas o bisugong bato, tsaka galunggong. Dati, kaya naming makakuha ng dalawang tonelada ng galunggong doon dalawang araw lang, dito ngayon sa amin kase nga di na kami makapalaot doon, mga isang jeep lang isang lingo, di pa kayang punuin. Mahirap talaga. This came several months after the July, 2016 rendering of the decision of the Permanent Arbitration Tribunal regarding the UNCLOS based claim of the Philippines. The landmark ruling of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in favor of the Philippines over its maritime entitlements in the South China Sea. The ruling is considered landmark because it sets a historic precedent in international law with a pronouncement that historical right does not exist under the Constitution of the Oceans, or the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). In simple terms, it means that China cannot claim the entire breadth of the South China Sea part of its maritime territory based on historical right under the so-called “nine-dash- line”, which basically makes the South China Sea a Chinese lake (inquirer.net) Dodong recalls how this decision made them very happy thinking that they can already fish again without harassment from the Chinese coast guards patrolling their area. Nothing has changed according to him, Wala, ganun pa din, andun pa rin sila sa lagoon, nagpapatrol, araw gabu yun, pag lumapit ka, Ilabas nila yung dilaw na bandera sabay sabi na alis daw kami dun. This has been the plight of our poor Filipino brothers in Panatag shoal. In fact, it was only in October of 2016 that Filipino fishermen were allowed again to fish in the area. This came after the bilateral meeting and talks between Pres. Rodrigo Duterte and Pres. Xi Jinping of the People’s Republic of China. However, recently reports of Chinese coast guard harassment have resurfaced again as some Chinese coast guards are again accused of harassing our Filipino fishermen. Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) Guide Questions:

  1. Did the Philippines really “win” this dispute in the West Philippine Sea?
  2. Explain why the UN cannot enforce the decision, what impression does it give about the UN brand of Global Governance.
  3. Research on the conflicts around the world. Highlight the role played by the UN in these conflicts. On a scale of 1-10 with 10 being the highest, come up with your rating for the UN in each of these conflicts and state your reason for such.
  4. Reflect on the following: Has the UN successfully fulfilled its mandate in the realm of Global governance. Prepared by: DSSP The Contemporary World Group Dr. Remigio L. Obrero