Chapter 12
Cardiovascular
Drugs
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Congestive Heart Failure, Cardiovascular Drugs - Introduction to Pharmacology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Pharmacy
Congestive Heart Failure, Chambers of Heart, Cardiomegaly, Myocardial Hypertrophy, Causes of Congestive Heart Failure, Agents for Chf, Antiarrythmic, Digoxin, Vasodilators are known as lecture layout here.
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2011/2012
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Chapter 12
Cardiovascular
Drugs
Predetermined Factors for Cardiovascular
Disease
- Heredity
- Gender
- Increasing Age
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
- Heart pumps less blood than it receives, so excess blood pools in the chambers and stretches the walls of the heart
Discussion
Why is it dangerous for blood to pool in the chambers of the heart?
Answer: decreased oxygen supply to tissues; risk of blood clot formation and movement throughout the body
Causes of Congestive Heart Failure
- Primary causes:
- Cardiomyopathy
- Coronary artery disease
- Hypertension
- Secondary causes:
- High salt intake
- Noncompliance with treatment - Side effects of drug therapy - Kidney failure - Stress - Infection and inflammation - Cigarette smoking - Obesity
Agents for CHF
Antiarrythmic:
- digoxin (Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin)
Antidote for digoxin toxicity:
- digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
Drug List
digoxin Dispensing Issues
- “dig toxicity”
- Systemic accumulation
- Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias
Warning!
Agents for CHF
Vasodilators
- milrinone (Primacor)
- nitroprusside (Nitropress)
Drug List
ACE Inhibitor’s Side Effects
- Dry, nonproductive cough
- Dizziness during first few days
ACE Inhibitor Dispensing Issues
- Stand slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension
- Avoid salt substitutes
- Do not take potassium supplements
Warning!
Agents for CHF
ACE Inhibitors
- moexipril (Univasc)
- perindopril (Aceon)
- quinapril (Accupril)
- ramipril (Altace)
- trandolapril (Mavik)
Drug List
Angiotensin II-Receptor Antagonists
- Blocks the action of angiotensin II
- Works as well as ACE inhibitors with less coughing and better toleration
Agents for CHF
Angiotensin II-Receptor Antagonists
Human B-type Natriuretic Peptide (hBNP)
- nesiritide (Natrecor)
Drug List