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COHN-S Exam with Accurate Solutions
probabilistic science. - ANS-Epidemiology LC50 - ANS-The amount of a chemical that kills 50% of the organisms exposed to it in air is the: The nature, degree and extent of undesirable effects of a substance is known as the - ANS-toxicity the probability that injury will result from the use of a substance - ANS-hazard selects subjects based on exposure, then follows them and measures disease occurrence. It is a powerful and expensive study design - ANS-prospective cohort study the study of the frequency, distribution and causative factors of injury and disease in the human population - ANS-Epidemiology difference between the smallest and largest - ANS-sample range distribution 100 dBA is two hours - ANS-OSHA's permissible noise exposure at or above 85 dBA - ANS-As part of a hearing conservation program, audiograms must be performed if the exposure is 4000 Hertz range. - ANS-Hearing loss is often first detected the analysis of blood, urine, skin, etc., to determine the presence of agents or metabolites - ANS-Biological monitoring Pulmonary function testing and audiometry - ANS-Examples of biological function measurements look for excess phenol in the urine. - ANS-To assess benzene exposure motor vehicle use - ANS-The single largest cause of on-the-job fatalities Study of adverse effects on biological systems - ANS-Toxicology collect information on the incidence of occupational disease, illness and accidents. - ANS-medical surveillance
protect the public. - ANS-The primary purpose of the Nurse Practice Act is to: assist workers to achieve a high level of health - ANS-prime objective of any occupational health nursing service is to identify the scope of practice - ANS-Nursing protocols are designed to 80-90%. - ANS-correlation between mutagenicity (as measured by the Ames test) and carcinogenicity is estimated to be in the range of: The process of attaining desired results through the effective utilization of human resources is - ANS-Management The process of developing the skills and knowledge of an individual for the purpose of improved performance is called - ANS-training Intraperitoneal - ANS-In animal toxicological testing, what is the most common route of administration microphone divides the sound into frequency bands that are called octaves. It measures the sound pressure levels in each band. - ANS-octave band analyzer particles are the least penetrating. - ANS-Alpha the lethal dose for 100% of animals tested - ANS-LD category A1 carcinogen - ANS-confirmed human carcinogen. assumes the worker is essentially uninterested and unmotivated to work - ANS-Theory X assumes the worker is basically interested and motivated to work. - ANS-Theory Y tendency for an individual to give up, or withhold any sense of emotional or personal involvement in the situation. - ANS-Resignation job safety analysis. - ANS-technique that utilizes a method of developing job procedures that includes a systematic task analysis that examines each step, and identifies preventive or corrective actions required to ensure a safe operation. treatment to help an injured employee reach a high level of productivity, in an effort to return him/her to the competitive labor market. - ANS-Work hardening program aimed at reducing work related injuries, providing appropriate treatment and returning the individual to work quickly and safely - ANS-Managed care in workers compensation
Intervention strategies, designed to improve health and prevent disease, that are sponsored by employers or Managed Care Organizations are known as - ANS-Wellness Programs minimum threshold level at which hearing impairment begins (in that particular state). - ANS-Low fence term that describes the point of 100% hearing loss. It varies according to state law. - ANS-High fence employees may not sue employers for on-the-job injuries. - ANS-Exclusive remedy in workers' compensation means provides information regarding the American Disabilities Act. - ANS-Job Accommodation Network benzene;respiratory sensitizer that can lead to occupational asthma - ANS-Toluene diisocyanate unusual or unexpected occurrence of disease - ANS-epidemic toxic airborne substances - ANS-American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienist's (ACGIH'S) Annual Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices Block energy source - ANS-Important step when performing routine maintenance establishing a safe work place for both men and women. - ANS-The U.S. Supreme Court's January 1995 decision in United Auto Workers vs. Johnson Controls Inc. ruled that "fetal protection" policies constituted discrimination requires that the proposed rule be published is the Federal Register, that an opportunity be provided for public comment, and that any person who objects to the proposed rule may request a public hearing - ANS-The standard-setting process as established is the Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1970 if aspirated into the lungs, can cause extensive damage and even death - ANS- Kerosene at a minimum, include reporting methods - ANS-According to the OSHA Standard ( CFR 1910, Subpart E), an emergency action plan must project management tool that allows one to plan the length of time each phase of a project should take-hourly, weekly, or monthly. Therefore, it is a helpful tool to
use in project planning. - ANS-Gant chart the hematopoietic system. Therefore, individuals with a history of thrombocytopenia would be at increased risk if exposed to _____?______ - ANS- Benzene adversely affects specify unannounced follow-up testing following the driver's return to duty. A minimum of six test must be performed during the first 12 months, and testing cannot exceed 60 months (5 years) fromthe driver's return to duty. - ANS-The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (Title 49, Part 382. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats - ANS-Define SWOT Manufacturing, constructions and trade industries - ANS-which workers are more at risk for eye injuries Recurrent symptoms, multiple treating providers, and lack of modified work - ANS-What are some of the barriers to recovery from a work injury? An international consensus standard for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems - ANS-The Occupational Health and Safety OHSAS 18001 is described as calcium EDTA. - ANS-current chelating therapy of choice in lead poisoning is: Thenar muscle wasting is a late symptom of: - ANS-carpal tunnel syndrome infestation of lice. - ANS-Pediculosis workers exposed to organic solvents, heavy metals and radiation - ANS-proteinuria seen in Any chemical that destroys or irreversibly changes tissue structure at the contact site - ANS-corrosive toxic to nervous system - ANS-Exposure to mecury toxic to nervous system - ANS-Exposure to carbon disulfide Cause liver ddamage - ANS-Nitrosamines reproducitve toxin - ANS-lead recognized as a carcinogen, a mutagen and a teratogen - ANS-Ethylene oxide
The result of an acute exposure to beryllium - ANS-Chemical pneumonitis Deposited in the bone but it exerts its toxic effect on the kidneys. - ANS-Uranium effects associated with exposure to methylethylketone (MEK)? - ANS-Dermatitis and narcosis What are the effects of pentaborane - ANS-Liver, kidney damage and CNS depression identified by OSHA as an occupational carcinogen - ANS-Arsenic associated with occupational asthma - ANS-Colophony &Chromium compounds The type of lipid which predominantly accumulates in hepatocytes in chemically-induced liver injury is - ANS-triglycerides can cause occupationally-related liver cirrhosis? - ANS-Carbon tetrachloride dusts causes pulmonary fibrosis, rather than simple pneumoconiosis - ANS-Bagasse Audiometric testing of employees potentially exposed at or greater than _________ for ______ hours is required within 6 months and annually thereafter - ANS-85/ treatment of cyanide poisoning, which of the following is administered first - ANS- Sodium nitrite Penetrating; whole-body exposure - ANS-Gamma Primarily skin exposure - ANS-Beta Will not penetrate dead cells on surface of skin - ANS-alpha a form of non-ionizing radiation - ANS-Microwave primary target tissue in methanol toxicity is the: - ANS-retina. principle effects of sulfur dioxide on uncompromised human subjects are: - ANS-irritant properties (major form of air pollution) A cholinesterase test is used on workers exposed to - ANS-Parathion. prime objective of any occupational health nursing service is to provide a program that wil - ANS-assist workers to achieve a high level of health.
What is a JSA - ANS-A procedure of reviewing methods, hazards, and safety Fundamental in negotiation (in any situation) is understanding - ANS-the basic perspective of the other position. Osteogenic sarcoma - ANS-characteristic cancer exhibited by the radium dial painters earlier in this century Pure tone - ANS-audiometry is commonly used in a hearing conservation program General Duty Clause - ANS-Statement in Occupational Safety and Health Act that requires employers subject to OSHA to provide employees with a safe and healthy work environment. Preventing serious physical harm or death. NIOSH - ANS-federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness. Housed within the CDC. sociocusis - ANS-Hearing loss due to social habits Ability to dissolve oils - ANS-primary reason for the wide-spread use of organic solvents in industry term for hearing loss induced by occupational exposure to noise - ANS-sensorineural loss. An infection that does not produce any obvious signs and/or symptoms is called (ex. HIV) - ANS-subclinical. the probability that harm will occur - ANS-risk study of the adverse effecs of chemicals on bioligic systems - ANS-toxicology kidneys and lungs - ANS-cadmium targets the CNS - ANS-mercury affects irreversible tissue death - ANS-corrosives cause temporary inflammation of mm or skin - ANS-irritants cause cause malformations in fetus - ANS-teratogens can irritate skin and cause cancer - ANS-radiation Threshold Limit Value- workplace guidelines established by NIOSH - ANS-TLV
smelting, tobacco, meal alloys, tanning and dye operations, chromium plating - ANS- chromium where found inhalation, absorption - ANS-chromium route of exposure deep, painful skin ulcers, perforation of nasal septum - ANS-chromium acute exposure asthma, allergic contact dermatitis, hexavalent chromium can cause lung cancer - ANS- chromium chronic exposure respiratory, skin and mm - ANS-chromiums systems affected lead solder, paint, alloys, ceramics, smelting, demolition - ANS-lead found in inhalation, ingestion - ANS-Lead routes of exposure constipation, abd cramps - ANS-Lead Acute exposure peripheral neuropathy, renal failure, gout, HTN, devl delays in children, sp abortion - ANS-lead chronic exposure nervous, skeletal, reproductive, GI - ANS-lead systems affected remove from expsosure and chelation - ANS-treatment for lead exposure pesticides, dental amalgam, manufacturing - ANS-mercury found in inhalation, ingestion - ANS-mercury route of exposure tremor, gingivitis, dermatitis - ANS-mercury acute exposure personality changes, renal dysfunction, CNS in unborn children - ANS-mercury chronic exposure Nervous, GI, GU - ANS-mercury systems affected remove and chelation - ANS-mercury treatment mining, alloy production, pesticides, some gasoline - ANS-manganese found in inhalation, ingestion - ANS-manganese route of exposure psychological and neurobehavioral disturbances - ANS-manganese acute exposure tremors, impaired psychomotor dev in children who are exposed in utero - ANS- manganese chronic exposure
nervous system - ANS-manganese systems affected pleural effusion, asbestosis and mesothelioma - ANS-chronic exposure to airborne asbestos 30-40 years - ANS-asbestos latency period any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact - ANS-pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs and usually occurs after working in occupations including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, glass work, and sandblasting - ANS-silicosis TB - ANS-employees exposed to silica dust should be screened annually for pneumoconiosis or black lung caused by coal dust - ANS-workers in coal mining are increased risk for CXRs and PFT - ANS-coal miners are screened with chemicals used to remove paint, tar, gum and grease - ANS-Solvents urine and exhalation - ANS-solvents are excreted by liver - ANS-solvents are metabolized in pneumonitis and death - ANS-aspiration of solvents can cause most common asphyxiant - ANS-hydrogen cyanide 50mcg/100g of blood - ANS-Employee is subject to the medical removal protection (MRP) section of the standard if the blood lead level is at or above A temporary depression of the hearing is called - ANS-Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) TCIR - ANS-Total case incident rate TCIR formula - ANS-Number of cases per year x 200,000 work hours divided by number of hours worked by the given population Benzene (common use) - ANS-gasoline additive carbon disulfide (common use) - ANS-manufature of rayon and rubber
critical organ for the soluble form of radon is - ANS-lung Disinfection - ANS-reducing the number of organisms so there is no threat of disease. cold stress TLV's for workers in cold occupations - ANS-91.4ºF What biosafety level should be used when working with blood and blood products - ANS- Siderosis - ANS-Condition which results from exposure to welding fumes that is characterized by accumulation of metal oxides in the lung without apparent physical symptoms DBCP - ANS-potent male reproductive toxin; used in agricultute pesticides Phenol - ANS-a systemic poison absorbed through the skin The primary reservoir for lead in the human body - ANS-bones cochlea - ANS-part of the ear which contains the hair-like cells that detect sounds is the Silica and aluminum dust/fume - ANS-Shaver's Disease is associated with exposure to Which frequency of vibration most adversely affects humans? - ANS-1 - 125 Hz The concentration of carbon dioxide where symptoms of exposure begin to appear - ANS-1,000 ppm. Maximum exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not exceed - ANS-140 dB peak octave band center frequencies that most closely correlate with human speech are - ANS-500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz airborne contaminants, which is likely to have the smallest average particle size - ANS- Zinc fumes primary mechanism by which the body loses heat to the surrounding environment. - ANS-evaporation effect of local or generalized grey-blue colored impregnation of the skin tissue with silver is called: - ANS-argyria Beta - ANS-Primarily skin exposure Alpha - ANS-Will not penetrate dead cells on surface of skin
Occupational causes of proteinuria may include - ANS-organic solvents, heavy metals, radiation Influence - ANS-an individuals' response to directives, advice or suggestions Bone marrow - ANS-Ionizing radiation has the greatest effect on which tissues or organs blood lead level, ZPP - ANS-Biological monitoring as identified in the lead standard includes papules - ANS-rash. The lesions are solid, red, circumcised elevations of the skin TWA - ANS-Time Weighted Average Wood alcohol - ANS-Which of the following is the most hazardous to your health if ingested Lung cancer - ANS-leading cause of cancer death among females in the United States. Cornea - ANS-What part of the eye is acutely damaged by the welders flash of ultraviolet rays Duration of employment - ANS-How long must audiometric records be kept on file? Fail-safe - ANS-A system that is designed to shut down when one or more critical components fail is called failure mode and effects analysis - ANS-example of an inductive analysis is a evaporation - ANS-Heat energy of the body is primarily lost by
