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The most appropriate time constant for recording a low voltage slow wave focus is: a. 0.012 seconds b. 0.05 seconds c. 0.12 seconds d. 1.00 second correct answers >> c. 0.12 seconds Time constant = biggest number for slowing Which of the following typically produces diffuse slowing on the EEG? a. Meningioma b. Cerebral abscess c. Alzheimer's disease d. Cerebral thrombosis correct answers >> c. Alzheimer's disease
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The most appropriate time constant for recording a low voltage slow wave focus is: a. 0.012 seconds b. 0.05 seconds c. 0.12 seconds d. 1.00 second correct answers >> c. 0.12 seconds Time constant = biggest number for slowing Which of the following typically produces diffuse slowing on the EEG? a. Meningioma
b. Cerebral abscess c. Alzheimer's disease d. Cerebral thrombosis correct answers >> c. Alzheimer's disease Meningioma Lateralized or Focal, Diffuse, Focal correct answers >> Lateralized or Focal Alzheimer's disease Lateralized or Focal, Diffuse, Focal correct answers >> Diffuse Cerebral Thrombosis Lateralized or Focal, Diffuse, Focal correct answers >> Focal Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the EEG in narcolepsy? a. FIRDA b. REM onset sleep c. An increase in EMG
a. median nerve SEPs b. intracarotid amobarbital test c. wake up test d. implantation of depth electrodes correct answers >> a. median nerve SEPs West Syndrome - Seizure Type correct answers >> Infantile Spasms Select the epilepsy syndrome known to present with electrodecremental response following each event: a. Infantile Spasms b. West Syndrome c. Hypsarhythmia d. Lennox Gasteaux correct answers >> b. West Syndrome Impedance for Strips and Grids: correct answers >> < 10nA (nanoamps) Maximum allowable chassis leakage with invasive electrodes: correct answers >> 10mA rms
If you are recording with electrodes of different metals (mismatched metals such as one gold electrode referenced to Silver Silver Chloride electrode) what might you expect to record? a. High Impedance Readings b. 60 Cycle Artifact c. Bias Potentials from the differential amplification of the different charge of each metal d. No change as the Common Mode Rejection would eliminate the different in metal charge. correct answers >> c. Bias Potentials from the differential amplification of the different charge of each metal. What metal is best for recording electrodes? correct answers >> Chlorided Silver Disk Ag-AgCl What is another name for Sodium Hypochlorite? correct answers >> Bleach Collodian & Acetone should be stored in which of the following a. Non-Flammable Cabinet
CJD is neither bacterial nor viral; it is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that is known as a: correct answers >> prion-based disease. How is CJD passed? correct answers >> Passed by contact with tissue from certain organs (cornea, brain, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, lymph) or CSF and not through contact with blood. Name the EEG pattern associated with CJD. correct answers
Generalized periodic discharges with triphasic like waves Standard Precautions are used: a. When the patient is known to have an infectious disease b. When blood or body fluids are present c. On all patients d. Only when blood is present correct answers >> c. on all patients Infection Control - Name three Bloodborne Pathogens: correct answers >> 1. Hep B
Infection Control - Name on Airborne Pathogen correct answers >> TB If a STERILE needle is found on the floor in the operating room, what is the correct action? correct answers >> Inform the circulating nurse If a needle becomes dislodged during the procedure, what is the correct action? a. Re-insert in same site b. Dispose of in puncture proof sharps container c. Clean with alcohol swap and re-insert d. Throw in garage correct answers >> b. Dispose of in puncture proof sharps container Maximal in the midtemporal leads but can spread parasagittally. Can be seen bilaterally or shift independently from side to side. correct answers >> Rhythmic Mid-Temporal Discharges (RMTD)
May be seen asymmetrically; often confused with abnormal patterns. To rule out; ask patient to stare at a blank sheet of paper, pattern will disappear. correct answers >> Lambda SREDA Age: LOC: Freq.: Location: correct answers >> Age: Children & Adults LOC: Awake & Drowsy Freq.: 4-7Hz Location: Midline, Usually Central What is the rarest benign variant? correct answers >> SREDA (Subclinical Rhythmic Electrographic Discharge of Adults) Old Term: Phantom Spike and Wave (Mittens) Duration usually 1-2 seconds Seen in adolescents and adults during relaxed wakefulness and drowsiness
Pattern is usually diffuse and synchronous bilaterally correct answers >> 6 Hertz Positive Spikes What are the two variants of 6 Hertz Positive Spikes? correct answers >> FOLD and WHAM FOLD correct answers >> Femail Occipital Predominant Low Amplitude and Drowsiness (More benign variant) WHAM correct answers >> Wake High Amplitude Anterior Predominant in Male (Possibly associated with seizures) Seen during drowsiness and light sleep Usually seen 3-20 years of age, peak at 13-14 years of age In trains of arch-shaped waves of alternating with positive spiky waves with rounded negative waves Duration is 0.5-1 second correct answers >> 14 & 6 positive spikes BETS - Benign Epileptiform Transients of Sleep
Most common benign variant Frequent source of over interpretation and mistaken diagnosis of epilepsy Clusters or trains of monophasic arciform waveforms similar to the Greek mu, however can occur single waveform Not associated with an aftergoing slow wave or disruption of the background correct answers >> Wicket Spikes Wicket Spikes Age: LOC: Freq.: Amplitude: Location: correct answers >> Age: Adults (> 30 years) LOC: Awake & Asleep Freq.: 6-11Hz Amplitude: 60-200 mV Location: Anterior-Mid Temporal High Voltage activity of 6-11hZ seen in regions overlying a skull defect
Seen best over the central and temporal regions Voltage is affected by the presence of absence of bone, bone reabsorption and region of skull defect. Beta activity is enhanced. Document location of Burr Hole Location in recording correct answers >> Breach Rhythm Approximate percent of record/epoch, using the following divisions, or consistently use the suggested equivalent clinical terms: Continuous Abundant Frequent Occasional Rare correct answers >> Continuous 90% Abundant 50-89% Frequent 10-49% Occasional 1-9% Rare <1% Superimposed fast activity (theta or faster; for PDs or RDA) correct answers >> +F
NOT associated with: Encephalopathy Seen in: Absence Epilepsy Children (ONLY) Which of the following pathologies IS NOT associated with continuous 2/sec GPDs with triphasic morphology. Pick all that apply CJD Herpes Simplex Cerebral Infarcation Rasmussens Encephalopathy correct answers >> Herpes Simplex Cerebral Infarcation Rasmussens Encephalopathy Typically caused by impaired liver function. Liver diseases, such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, increase your risk of: correct answers >> Asterixis What would you expect to see on the EEG with someone who has Asterixis? correct answers >> GPDs with triphasic morphology
How long after dialysis should we wait to perform the EEG? correct answers >> 24 hours This pattern comes with very poor prognosis except when seen in the following: Pediatric Patients Hypothermia Drug Overdoes correct answers >> Burst-Suppression Associated with Measles Inflammatory disease occurring in children & adolescents Abnormal movements, progressive intellectual deterioration, and a diagnostic EEG correct answers >> Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Chaotic, asynchronous, high amplitude delta with periods of attenuation (electrodecremental response). Multifocal sharp waves & spikes (3 or more foci) Epileptiform discharges increase in non-REM sleep. correct answers >> Hypsarrhythmia (Associated with Infantile Spasms)
Periodic, rhythmic or ictal appearing discharges consistently induced by altering stimuli. Seen in Bedside Recording. Painful stimuli necessary once every 24 hours in continuous bedside EEG Patients with Acute Brain Injury correct answers >> SIRPEDs The main difference between simple focal (partial) and complex focal (partial) is simple focal has: correct answers
preservation of consciousness Simple Partial They can hear you OR they can't hear you correct answers They can hear you Complex Partial They can hear you OR they can't hear you correct answers They can't hear you Anterior temporal spikes in children correlate with: correct answers >> Identifiable lesions
What are 3 idiopathic generalized epilepsy types? correct answers >> 1. Childhood Absence Epilepsy
