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A comprehensive practice exam for aspiring certified lactation counselors (clcs). it features 50 multiple-choice questions and answers covering various aspects of lactation, including breastfeeding techniques, managing common challenges, and understanding relevant medical conditions. The questions assess knowledge of growth charts, engorgement management, milk supply issues, postpartum mood disorders, and more. This resource is ideal for students preparing for the clc exam or professionals seeking to refresh their knowledge.
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The CDC has accepted the WHO growth charts for use on breastfed infants. The reason for this change is: a) The WHO growth chart was developed for all babies including formula-fed babies b) The WHO growth chart is based on the biological norm c) The WHO growth charts take into account that not all babies are weighed on accurate digital scale d) The WHO growth charts are based on babies born in sub-Saharan Africa
- ANS:->>b) The WHO growth chart is based on the biological norm Nadia calls you and tells you she is so engorged that the baby is unable to latch. Which of the following techniques to relieve engorgement would you recommend first? a) Reverse pressure softening for 60 - 120 seconds on each side b) Fresh cabbage leaves for 2 hours or until the breast is soft c) Hot, moist compression to the breast for 15 - 20 minutes prior to feeds d) Icy cold compresses to breast after feeds for 15 - 20 minutes - ANS:->>a) Reverse pressure softening for 60 - 120 seconds on each side Jessie has come into the outpatient lactation clinic with 3-week-old baby Ryan, complaining of yet another episode of plugged ducts. You suspect that Jessie may have over supply. Which of the following symptoms would most support that diagnosis? a) Ryan has frequent yellow, seedy stools b) Ryan is 15 oz. above birth weight c) After nursing, Jessie's residual is a total of 80 mL d) Jessie had mastitis last week - ANS:->>c) After nursing, Jessie's residual is a total of 80 mL Leslie doesn't think she has enough breast milk for 2 - week-old Chelsea. You know which of the following is most likely to be cited in the literature as an indication of the baby not getting enough milk. a) Frequent sucking on hands b) Crying for prolonged periods of time
c) Sleeping for short periods of time d) Fewer than 3 sizable stools in 24 hours
- ANS:->>d) Fewer than 3 sizable stools in 24 hours You are working with a mother who has low milk supply and you believe she would benefit from using a prescription drug to increase the supply. Her physician will not prescribe this particular drug. What is the best thing you can do? a) Drop the issue of this drug and ask the physician to prescribe another drug instead b) Give the mother the URL for obtaining the drug over the internet without a prescription c) Purchase the medication yourself over the internet and give the mother a week's worth to see if ti works for her d) Encourage the mother to seek out more written information on this drug to share with her physician
Mary Grace just delivered as full-term baby. She has been in an insulin-dependent type 1 diabetic since she was 15 - years-old. She has many questions and concerns about breastfeeding and her diabetes. Which of the following is true about diabetes and breastfeeding? a) Because of the increased sugar in her milk, t he baby will need to be supplemented with formula to prevent obesity b) Mary Grace will most likely find that her insulin needs are decreased so she will have to watch her glucose carefully c) In order to keep her blood glucose levels stabilized, Mary Grace should plan on formula-feeding the baby d) Breastfeeding will have no impact on her diabetes, so there is really nothing to be concerned about - ANS:->>b) Mary Grace will most likely find that her insulin needs are decreased so she will have to watch her glucose carefully You work in a family practice clinic and are looking for ways to help the women who are breastfeeding to nurse longer. In your research which of the following do you find has the most positive relationship with a longer duration of breastfeeding? a) Positive support from health care professionals b) Membership in mother or mother support groups c) Providing information to mothers about the dangers of formula d) Mother was enrolled in WIC
- ANS:->>a) Positive support from health care professionals When interviewed most mothers who were breastfeeding said which of the following would help them most with breastfeeding? a) Private breastfeeding classes b) Hands-on help with breastfeeding c) Not having professional people all telling them different things d) To have been given a quality breast pump when discharged from the hospital - ANS:->>b) Hands-on help with breastfeeding Chloe comes to you in tears. You have been working with her to get one-week-old baby Jonathan latched well, and finally things seem to be OK. The physician has just told her that Jonathan's bilirubin level is high enough that she wants her to stop breastfeeding and give formula for 48 hours to bring it down. What is your best advice?
a) "It sounds as though it is breast milk jaundice. You really don't have to stop breastfeeding for that. The bilirubin will come down on its own." b) "Pump until your breasts are empty and then feed the baby with formula using a feeding tube at the breast." c) "I recommend that you pump and dump for the next 48 hours, feeding your baby with formula using a cup." d) "I know you are sad about having to stop breastfeeding, but if you use a bottle that has a bulbous base and a short nipple, you won't have any problems getting the baby back to the breast.
Drugs generally enter the milk through a process known as: a) Osmosis b) Passive diffusion c) Convection d) Infusion - ANS:->>b) Passive diffusion The primary reason mothers who are using a nipple shield should pump after feedings is: a) To insure a full milk supply b) To obtain milk for supplementation c) To elongate an inverted nipple d) To eliminate use of the shield sooner - ANS:->>a) To insure a full milk supply Which of the following is true regarding sexual abuse? a) Women may fear exposure during breastfeeding in public b) Health care providers are reluctant to care for women who have been abused c) Abused women are less likely to initiate breastfeeding d) Childbirth will heal memories of sexual abuse - ANS:->>a) Women may fear exposure during breastfeeding in public Infants with a congenital deficiency of zinc should be breastfed because: a) Breast milk contains higher quantities of zinc than do infant formulas b) Breast milk contains prostaglandin E, which enhances the absorption of zinc c) Without breast milk, the infant is likely to diet from pemphigus infantalis d) The linolenic acid in breast milk enhances the myelin sheath laid down - ANS:->>b) Breast milk contains prostaglandin E, which enhances the absorption of zinc You are working with Elizabeth, who has given birth at 35 weeks to baby Sam. Which of the following would be good advice to give to her regarding nursing Sam? a) Gently wake him to nurse every 2 hours b) Make sure he takes both breasts at each feeding
c) Limit him to nursing twice a day at the breast and feed him with his bottle the rest of the time d) Observe him for feeding cues, making sure he gets at least 6 feedings in every 24 hours - ANS:-
d) Observe him for feeding cues, making sure he gets at least 6 feedings in every 24 hours One method of care that works across many different cultures is: a) Teaching manual expression b) Facilitated group discussions c) Peer counselor support d) Using olive oil for sore nipples - ANS:->>a) Teaching manual expression Which of the following is covered by the International Code of the Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes? a) Breast pumps b) Tomato juice c) Tube feeding devices d) Bottles and nipples (teats) - ANS:->>d) Bottles and nipples (teats) Henry was diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease when he was 12 - months-old. Which of the following would be a reason why there was a delay in establishing his diagnosis? a) Henry is still being breastfed b) The bacteria in Henry's gut is different than if he had been formula-fed c) Henry has frequent bouts of diarrhea d) Henry has not yet received any immunizations - ANS:->>a) Henry is still being breastfed Sweet Baby Ray, who was born at 33 weeks gestation, needs to be supplemented by bottle when his mother is not in the NICU to breastfeed him. Which of the following fluids will he tolerate best in his bottle? a) 5% dextrose b) Breast milk c) Ready-to-feed Special Care Formula d) Sterile water - ANS:->>b) Breast milk
d) More likely to die of SIDS during the day, but not at night - ANS:->>a) 50% less likely to die of SIDS Which of the following is an evidence-based practice? a) Giving babies a test feed of sterile water as a first feed b) Giving glucose water to prevent hyperbilirubinemia c) Waking the baby to feed at least every 3 hours d) Keeping mothers and babies skin-to-skin until the first feed is accomplished - ANS:->>d) Keeping mothers and babies skin-to-skin until the first feed is accomplished It has been 4 hours since baby Grace has nursed. You help her mother gently wake her up. Which of the following must Grace display in order for the feeding to be successful? a) Eyes wide open b) Quiet alert state c) Toes curled d) Mouthing movements - ANS:->>d) Mouthing movements Confidence is higher for mothers when they view breastfeeding as manageable. One thing mothers have identified as helping them achieve this confidence is: a) Receiving a formula discharge bag before going home b) Assistance from the nurses while in the hospital c) Early discharge from the hospital d) Accessibility to lactation support after discharge - ANS:->>d) Accessibility to lactation support after discharge Which of the following practices is protective against early termination of breastfeeding? a) Breastfeeding within the first hour b) Supplementing with formula no more than twice in 48 hours c) Giving no pain medication to mother in labor d) Using sucrose drops during painful procedures - ANS:->>a) Breastfeeding within the first hour
The hormonal trigger for breast milk production is due to: a) Release of prolactin from the anterior hypothalamus b) Release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary c) Release of oxytocin from the posterior hypothalamus d) Release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary - ANS:->>d) Release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary An effective strategy ti improve public health in the U.S. is: a) Increased funding for health care b) An increase in breastfeeding duration c) To provide nutritional guidelines for fast food d) To increase the requirements for PE in schools - ANS:->>b) An increase in breastfeeding duration Wanda comes into the lactation clinic with a macerated left nipple that she has had for over a week. Which of the following is a recommended technique to help macerated nipples heal? a) Dry with hair dryer b) Vitamin E oil c) Coconut oil d) Vegetable oil - ANS:->>c) Coconut oil In order to facilitate the best first feed: a) The baby should be placed on the mother's abdomen and crawl to the mother's breast b) The baby should be placed on his abdomen between mother's breasts c) The head of the mother's bed should be no more than a 20 degree angle d) The baby should be placed with his head on the left breast - ANS:->>b) The baby should be placed on his abdomen between mother's breasts
b) Have the mother pump every 3 hours and feed milk obtained c) Pump, and add enough formula to make sure the baby is taking at least 15 mL every 3 hours d) Give the baby at least an ounce of formula at each feeding after attempting to breastfeed - ANS:-
a) Hand express colostrum into a spoon and feed the baby Which of the following can be an early consequences of tongue-tie? a) Lack of association of tongue-tie with breastfeeding challenges b) Increase in early speech difficulties c) Shortened feedings related to maternal nipple pain d) Necessity for orthodonture in middle school - ANS:->>c) Shortened feedings related to maternal nipple pain The professional organization for lactation consultants is known as: a) The International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners b) The Professional Association of Lactation Consultants c) The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine d) The International Lactation Consultant Association - ANS:->>d) The International Lactation Consultant Association