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Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Assignments of Health sciences

This comprehensive overview focuses on the structure and function of blood vessels, covering different types, factors affecting arterial blood flow and pressure, and the concept of shock. Interactive 3D models allow exploration of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Suitable for students studying anatomy, physiology, or related fields.

Typology: Assignments

2023/2024

Available from 10/07/2024

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BIOS255 Week 3 Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels
Learning objectives:
Identify the structural layers of arteries and veins.
Distinguish between the structure of arteries and veins.
Explain the factors that affect arterial blood flow and blood pressure.
Define shock, and identify the signs of shock.
Identify key blood vessels of the cardiac, systemic, and pulmonary
circulations.
Introduction:
Blood is transported around the body in 3 different types of blood vessels: arteries,
capillaries, and veins. Arteries and veins are each composed of 3 distinct layers of
tissue while capillaries only have one layer. Blood pressure and flow depend on
multiple factors. There are a number of mechanisms by which shock can occur.
We will track blood through the pulmonary and systemic circulations noting the
major arteries and veins along the path. Enjoy the interactive 3D models for
exploring the blood vessels!
Assignment:
Part 1 Complete the activities in the following sections of Anatomy.TV
Cardiovascular system: Blood vessels, Blood flow and Pressure, Circulatory
Pathways, Vessels of the Trunk, Vessels of the Head and Neck, Vessels of the
Limbs
To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A-
Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles(default tab): Choose Cardiovascular system>choose assigned
sections
You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the
right. This will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section.
As you complete the lab activities, have the lab report ready to record data.
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BIOS255 Week 3 Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels Learning objectives:

  • Identify the structural layers of arteries and veins.
  • Distinguish between the structure of arteries and veins.
  • Explain the factors that affect arterial blood flow and blood pressure.
  • Define shock, and identify the signs of shock.
  • Identify key blood vessels of the cardiac, systemic, and pulmonary circulations. Introduction: Blood is transported around the body in 3 different types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries, and veins. Arteries and veins are each composed of 3 distinct layers of tissue while capillaries only have one layer. Blood pressure and flow depend on multiple factors. There are a number of mechanisms by which shock can occur. We will track blood through the pulmonary and systemic circulations noting the major arteries and veins along the path. Enjoy the interactive 3D models for exploring the blood vessels! Assignment: Part 1 Complete the activities in the following sections of Anatomy.TV Cardiovascular system : Blood vessels, Blood flow and Pressure, Circulatory Pathways, Vessels of the Trunk, Vessels of the Head and Neck, Vessels of the Limbs To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A- Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles(default tab): Choose Cardiovascular system>choose assigned sections You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the right. This will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section. As you complete the lab activities, have the lab report ready to record data.

Part 2 Complete the lab report.

laminae. So, they are unable to withstand high

pressure. Large veins Large veins are up to 3 cm in diameter. They have thick tunica external but have not valves. They drain into the heart.

  1. When a fall in arterial pressure is detected by baroreceptors, how does the cardiovascular center alter the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of the sinoatrial (SA) node to maintain homeostasis? ( point) When a fall in the arterial blood pressure happens, the walls become less stretched. This decreases frequency impulses that travel from the baroreceptors to the cardiovascular center in the brain. Then through efferent fibers in the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Then, the cardiovascular center reduces parasympathetic vagal stimulation to the sinoatrial node. Meanwhile, the sympathetic stimulation, through the cardiac accelerator nerves, increases. The heart rate increases, with the blood pressure increase. This forms a negative feedback loop.
  2. Describe the signs and symptoms of shock as described under Blood Flow and Pressure: Shock and Homeostasis. (1 point) The signs and symptoms of shock under blood flow and pressure include decrease in blood pressure, increased heart rate, sweating and sick, reduced urination/dehydration, acidosis, and mental confusion. Decrease in blood pressure drops in systolic blood pressure to below 90 mmHg. An increased heart rate compensating for the decrease in cardiac output, leads to a rapid but weak pulse. Sweating and being sick is the sympathetic stimulation induces vasoconstriction and sweating, causing the skin to become cool, pale, and clammy. Reduced urination/dehydration are increased levels of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone in the blood cause reduced urination, with loss of extracellular fluid leads to thirst and dehydration. Acidosis is lactic acid build up that causes the low blood ph. Mental confusion is a lack of oxygen supply to the brain may cause mental confusion.
  3. Identify the missing arteries from the schematic. (2.5 points; 1/2 point each)

Internal External^ iliac iliac Inferior mesenteric Abdom inal aorta Testicul ar artery

Celiac

trunk

  1. Trace a drop of blood from the heart to the top of the foot by naming the blood vessels from the aorta to the artery that can be felt on the top of the foot (dorsalis pedis artery). (2 points) Aorta – common iliac-external iliac-femoral-popliteal-anterior tibial-dorsal pedis
  2. Trace a drop of blood from the superior mesenteric vein within the abdomen to the right atrium. Include the major vessels along the path. (1.5 points) Superior mesenteric vein drains blood from part of small intestine and also from the portion cecum to the inferior vena cava, which transfers the deoxygenated blood to the heart while the superior mesenteric artery supplies the oxygen-rich blood to the small intestine and the upper part of the large intestine. The vein is present in the abdominal cavity and is next to the mesenteric artery. The superior mesenteric artery is a significant artery of the abdominal aorta.
  3. a. What is a portal system? (½ point) The portal system carries capillary blood from the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, gallbladder, and spleen to the liver. The portal vein is formed by the confluence of the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein behind the neck of the pancreas. b. What is the function of the hepatic portal system? (½ point) The function of the hepatic portal system returns blood from the digestive tract and spleen to the liver. This is where raw nutrients in blood are processed before the blood returns to the heart. Grading Rubric for Lab Report Activity Deliverable Points Part 1 Complete lab activities 15
  • Part 2 Complete lab report
  • Total Complete all lab activities