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CALT Exam AND PRACTICE TEST ALL 3 00 QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR
QUESTION: The component of phonological processing that includes the skills of word retrieval from long-term memory and word recoding and has a strong impact on reading fluency is phonological ________. A. Memory B. Awareness C. Naming D. Sensitivity - ANSWER-C. Naming Rapid automatic naming is important for the development of reading fluency and affects reading comprehension. QUESTION: Which subtype of executive function that includes the capabilities of processing, storage, and retrieval impacts the decoding difficulty seen with dyslexia? A. Metacognition B. Working memory C. Inhibitory control D. Cognitive flexibility - ANSWER-B. Working memory Single best predictor of end of the year reading achievement. - ANSWER-Letter naming accuracy
QUESTION: In addition to phonological processing, which of the following is an essential component of an effective evaluation for dyslexia? A. Intelligence B. Visual processing C. Math skills D. Spelling - ANSWER-D. Spelling Spelling is an essential component and a dyslexia related area of difficulty. Working memory is the process of holding on to (e.g. short term memory) and manipulating information. QUESTION: Decoding and encoding refer to: A. The communication of ideas, thoughts, and information B. Learning what can be concluded or inferred from particulars C. Applying the skills of analytic and synthetic learning D. The study of meaningful units of language - ANSWER-C. Applying the skills of analytic and synthetic learning QUESTION: Rapid letter naming is the key to:
B. Curriculum referenced testing C. Norm-referenced testing D. Teaching observation - ANSWER-A. Informal screening QUESTION: Repeating prior information in a multisensory structured learning program is essential to ensure which of the following? A. Visual recognition B. Auditory recall C. Automaticity D. Kinesthetic memory - ANSWER-C. Automaticity QUESTION: Controlled reading and spelling vocabulary are characteristics of: A. Decodable text B. Linguistic programs C. An MSL program D. All of the above - ANSWER-All of the above QUESTION: Which prominent name(s) is/are closely associated with reach on phonological awareness? A. Marie Montessori B. Marie Clay
C. Isabelle Liberman D. All of the above - ANSWER-C. Isabelle Liberman QUESTION: An Individual Education Plan (IEP) for a student identified with a learning disability does not include: A. A prescription for a specific intervention B. Goals to address the student's needs C. Parent participation in remediation efforts D. A description of instructional processes to be used with the student - ANSWER-C. Parent participation in remediation efforts QUESTION: The study of the sound structure of spoken words within a single language. - ANSWER-Phonology QUESTION: The smallest unit of sounds contrast that create words with different meanings. - ANSWER-Phonemes QUESTION: - Not the same thing as phonemic awareness
- Requires mapping of phonemes to their spellings and mappings of spellings to their pronunciation.
- Involves the use of grapheme-phoneme associations to read and spell familiar and unfamiliar words - ANSWER-Phonics QUESTION: Unit of speech consisting of one vowel phoneme with or without surrounding consonant phonemes. - ANSWER-Syllable
QUESTION: Refers to the set of principles that dictate the sequence and function of words, phrases, and classes in sentences to convey meaning. - ANSWER-Syntax QUESTION: Is a metalinguistic skill that is defined as the conscious ability to manipulate or judge word order within the context of a sentence based on the application of grammatical rules. Facilitates student's ability to read complex text with prosody and therefore supports reading comprehension. - ANSWER-Syntactic awareness QUESTION: Defined as a combination of accuracy, automaticity, and oral reading prosody. - ANSWER-Text-reading fluency QUESTION: Pre-requisites for fluency include a coordination of critical systems of language structure: (4) - ANSWER-1. Orthography (spelling patterns)
- Phonology (speech sound systems)
- Semantics (meaning)
- Syntax (grammar and sentence structure) QUESTION: Refers to the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences, and connected text and the relationship of each of these to the others. - ANSWER-Semantics QUESTION: - Neurodevelopmental disorder
- Manifested by illegible and/or inefficient handwriting due to difficulty with letter formation
- This difficulty is the result of deficits in graphomotor function (hand movements used for writing) and/or
- Storing and retrieving orthographic codes (letter forms)
- Secondary consequences may include problems with spelling and written expression
- It is not solely due to lack of instruction and is not associated with other developmental or neurological conditions that involve motor impairments. - ANSWER-Dysgraphia QUESTION: What is graphomtor function? (3) - ANSWER-1. Visual-motor (eye-hand) coordination
- Proprioceptive-kinesthetic feedback
- Motor memory/sequencing QUESTION: Written system for a language - ANSWER-Orthography QUESTION: Specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede the growth of vocabulary and background knowledge. - ANSWER-Dyslexia QUESTION: - Deficits in phonological processing (phonological awareness, phonological memory, and/or rapid naming)
- Difficulty reading real words in isolation
- Difficulty accurately nonsense or unfamiliar words
- Poor reading fluency (rate, accuracy, labored)
- Poor spelling - ANSWER-Dyslexia
- Prosody
- Rate
- Comprehension QUESTION: Timed practice increase speed while maintaining accuracy and automaticity. - ANSWER-Rate QUESTION: Contextual reading at a smooth and even pace with expression. - ANSWER-Prosody QUESTION: - Rapid, prosodic flow with which a skilled reader reads.
- Sounds as if they are speaking
- Reading is fluid and accurate, with adequate speed, appropriate phrasing and correct intonation. - ANSWER-Fluency QUESTION: VAKT - ANSWER-visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile QUESTION: Central plan for diagnosing dyslexia - ANSWER-Remediation QUESTION: Characteristics of ______ Dyslexia:
- Confuses letters and words with similar appearance
- Difficulty developing sight vocabulary
- Slow rate of word perception
- Reversals and transposition in reading and writing
- Difficulty retaining visual sequences and reproducing a visual sequence of letters from memory
- ANSWER-Visual Dyslexia QUESTION: Characteristics of ______ Dyslexia:
- Difficulty hearing the differences among speech sounds
- Trouble remembering the sounds of letters
- Difficulty discriminating short vowel sounds
- Difficulty with blending and segmentation
- May be able to read silently better than orally - ANSWER-Auditory Dyslexia QUESTION: Part to whole phonics - ANSWER-Synthetic phonics QUESTION: Whole to part phonics - ANSWER-Analytic phonics QUESTION: What is the purpose of phonics? - ANSWER-Build reading and spelling accuracy, but not reading fluency, vocabulary, or comprehension. QUESTION: Spelling instructions should include: 2 - ANSWER-1. Phonology (how to recall common spelling patterns)
- Morphology (how to alter a word's meaning) QUESTION: Study of the smallest meaningful linguistic unit (morphemes) - ANSWER- Morphology
QUESTION: If an individual can read nonsense words, but struggles with irregular words, instruction should focus on ______. - ANSWER-Orthographic patterns and sight word reading QUESTION: If an individual is accurate in reading real words and nonsense words, but reads slowly, instruction should focus on _______. - ANSWER-Fluency QUESTION: Ability to perceive and manipulate the sounds that make up the words in a person's language. This includes the ability to recognize that words are made of sounds and to perceive and manipulate language sounds. It also involves the ability to rhyme, segment, and to isolate and count phonemes. - ANSWER-Phonological awareness QUESTION: What are the (2) major components of printed word recognition? - ANSWER-1. Phonological coding (use of letter sound correspondences to read words) and orthographic coding (using letter and word patterns to aid in pronunciation) QUESTION: Writing system of a language that includes letters, words, numbers, and punctuation marks. - ANSWER-Orthography QUESTION: Awareness of how print worlds and how it looks - the visual representation of language (the letters and letter patterns that are used to represent the words in print) - ANSWER-Orthographic awareness QUESTION: Neurobiological disorder that causes a marked impairment in the development of basic reading and spelling skills. - ANSWER-Dyslexia QUESTION: Manifested in deficiencies in word-level reading skills; its effects decoding and encoding. - ANSWER-Dyslexia
QUESTION: A specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluency word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experiences that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge. - ANSWER-Dyslexia QUESTION: The bridge between word identification and comprehension. - ANSWER-Fluency QUESTION: Refers to the ability to recognize words rapidly with little attention required to the word's appearance. - ANSWER-Automaticity QUESTION: The (3) components of reading fluency: - ANSWER-1. Accuracy
- Rate
- Prosody QUESTION: The ability to recognize or decode words correctly; use context to help signal errors in word reading; knows numerous words by sight. - ANSWER-Accuracy QUESTION: Refers to the speed of identification at the single word level as well as the connected text level; recognizes words automatically or almost automatically; reads at a good speed; maintains rate and knows when to adjust for more difficult reading material. - ANSWER- Rate QUESTION: Attends to punctuation; uses appropriate timing and phrasing, reads with an expression that helps communicate the meaning of text. - ANSWER-Expression/Prosody
QUESTION: An individual with dyslexia might experience delays in social development as demonstrated as: A. A lack of good judgement B. The inability to stick with a game C. Erratic emotional behavior D. All of the above - ANSWER-All of the above QUESTION: Grade equivalent scores: A. Are an equal interval scale B. Can be added and subtracted C. Are not a dependable representation of progress D. Cannot be included in a test report - ANSWER-C. Not a dependable representation of progress QUESTION: The Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Education Battery is: A. Criterion-referenced test B. An academic achievement test C. A norm referenced test D. B & C - ANSWER-D. Academic achievement and norm-referenced test
QUESTION: Research by NICHD indicates that of the students with specific learning disabilities receiving SPED services, how many have deficits in reading? - ANSWER- 70 - 80% QUESTION: What is the strongest indicator of reading disability according to NRPR (2000)? - ANSWER-Deficit in phonology QUESTION: A person who has a history of having or is regarded as having an impairment that significantly limits one or more of life's major functions is entitled to benefits under: - ANSWER- Both Section 504 and IDEA QUESTION: An appropriate education for a student with a disability under the Section 504 regulations could consist of: A. Education in regular classrooms B. Education in regular classes with supplementary services C. Special Education and related services D. All of the above - ANSWER-Education in regular classrooms Education in regular classes with supplementary services Special Education and related services QUESTION: Strephosymbolia - ANSWER-Learning disorder in which symbols and especially phrases, words, or letters appear to be reversed or transposed in reading. QUESTION: Who coined word "Strephosymbolia" to differentiate between itself and "word- blindness"? - ANSWER-Samuel Orton
QUESTION: What is dysarthria? - ANSWER-Speech problems caused by musculature weakness. QUESTION: Affixes - ANSWER-Prefixes and suffixes QUESTION: Pragmatics - ANSWER-Set of rules that dictate communicative behavior and use of language. QUESTION: Metalinguistics - ANSWER-The ability to think about, analyze, and reflect on language as an object. (Awareness of language) QUESTION: Aspiration - ANSWER-Puff of air QUESTION: The sound /u/ in unaccented syllable (such as the 'a' in 'final' - ANSWER-Schwa sound QUESTION: Suprasegmentals - ANSWER-The melody of speech, stress, pitch, loudness QUESTION: Discovery learning involves what pathways? - ANSWER-3 pathways - Visual, auditory, tactile-kinesthetic QUESTION: Socratic questions are what kind of questions - ANSWER-Guided questions QUESTION: Socratic questions (guided questions) are what type of learning? - ANSWER- Auditory discovery
QUESTION: Semantics - ANSWER-Meaning of words and sentences, study of meaning, content of language. QUESTION: Diagnostic teaching - ANSWER-Teaching that is informed by a continual assessment of student needs. QUESTION: Outcome measure - ANSWER-An assessment that classifies a student in terms of achievement or improvement of a grade-level performance. QUESTION: Summative data - ANSWER-Data that provides information about knowledge to be applied to long term comprehensive goals. QUESTION: Formative data - ANSWER-Data taken that provides information during learning process. QUESTION: Final stable syllables come from what language? - ANSWER-Latin QUESTION: Affixes come from what language? - ANSWER-Anglo-Saxon QUESTION: Combining forms come from what language - ANSWER-Greek QUESTION: 'CH' pronounced /k/ is what language? (As in 'school') - ANSWER-Greek QUESTION: Consonant cluster 'ph' is from what language? - ANSWER-Greek
