Download BIO-205 MICROBIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
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Fungi are important because of their ability to - correct answers help many plants grow, cause disease in plants, make certain foods and beverages, and spoil food. All fungi have ____ in their cell walls. - correct answers chitin The mechanism by which genes are transferred into bacteria via viruses is called - correct answers transduction The source of variation among microorganisms that were once identical is - correct answers mutation Intercalating agents - correct answers act during DNA synthesis and often result in frame shift mutations. Gene transfer that requires cell-to-cell contact is - correct answers conjugation Segments of DNA capable of moving from one area in the DNA to another are called - correct answers transposons A clever technique that streamlines the identification of auxotrophic mutants is - correct answers replica plating
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Thymine dimers are dealt with by - correct answers photoreactivation repair and excision repair Irradiation of cells with ultraviolet light may cause - correct answers thymine dimers The group of Fungi in which sexual reproduction has not been observed is - correct answers Deuteromycetes A tangle of fungal hyphae is generally known as a - correct answers mycelium Which technique(s) is/are used to help identify and classify bacteria? - correct answers Microscopic examination, culture characteristics, biochemical tests, and nucleic acid analysis. Lichens may be an association of - correct answers algae and fungus The terms yeast, mold, and mushrooms refers to fungal - correct answers morphology Gram positive encapsulated diplococci found in sputum is indicative of - correct answers Streptococcus pneumoniae Fungi are often capable of locomotion through the use of flagella. - correct answers False
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The return of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and nitrogen to the soil is due to the action of - correct answers fungi and bacteria Intracellular Gram negative diplococci found in a urethral sample from a male is indicative of - correct answers Neisseria gonorrhea Which of the rRNA molecules has proven the most useful in taxonomy/identification? - correct answers 16S The designation his- refers to - correct answers the genotype of a bacterium that lacks a functional gene for histidine synthesis and bacteria that are auxotrophic for histidine Which would have the least effect on the amino acid sequence? - correct answers addition/deletion of 3 consecutive nucleotides Fungal diseases are generally referred to as - correct answers mycoses Coccidioidomycosis is - correct answers a fungal disease and caused by Coccidioides sp A quick microbiological test for potential carcinogens was developed by - correct answers Ames
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A soluble greenish pigment is produced by - correct answers Pseudomonas aeruginosa From most general to most specific, which is the correct order? - correct answers Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species A breath test assaying for radioactive carbon dioxide may be used to indicate the presence of - correct answers Helicobacter pylori The properties of a cell which are determined by its DNA composition are its - correct answers phenotype Aflatoxins - correct answers are produced by Aspergillus, are possible carcinogens, may be found in peanuts, and are toxins. A selective growth medium - correct answers allows only certain bacteria to grow Serological methods - correct answers are useful in identifying unknown bacterium, rely on the specificity of an antibody-antigen interaction, may be simple and rapid Biofilms - correct answers are a polysaccharide-encased community of microorganisms, may enhance bioremediation efforts, and may protect organisms against harmful chemicals.
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Organisms that require gaseous oxygen for metabolism are referred to as - correct answers obligate aerobes The transition step - correct answers links glycolysis to the TCA cycle The electron transport system - correct answers requires a membrane and generates a concentration gradient of protons Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur may be considered - correct answers major elements The name given to the reaction involving removal of electrons or hydrogen atoms from a compound is termed - correct answers oxidation The name given to the reaction involving addition of electrons or hydrogen atoms to a compound is termed - correct answers reduction The most common starting pathway for the breakdown of sugars is - correct answers glycolysis Enzymes speed up reactions by - correct answers lowering the activation energy NAD in its reduced form is symbolized as - correct answers NADH
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MacConkey agar is - correct answers a selective and differential agar Chemoheterotrophs - correct answers use pre-formed organic molecules as a carbon source and as an energy source Oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in - correct answers aerobic respiration Which of the following processes generates the greatest amount of energy? - correct answers aerobic respiration Biosynthetic reactions that require energy for the conversion of molecular subunits into larger molecules are called - correct answers anabolic reactions A hot tub would most likely contain - correct answers mesophiles All the bacterial cells that result from the replication of a single organism are said to be - correct answers pure culture The general term used to describe the anabolic and catabolic reactions in a cell is - correct answers metabolism
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Enzymes act as - correct answers catalysts Organisms that use CO2 as their source of carbon are called - correct answers autotrophs Exergonic reactions - correct answers occur when there is more free energy in the reactants that in the products Mycobacterium leprae is typically found infecting the ears, toes, and fingers of its host due to its - correct answers need for cooler temperatures In the growth curve of a bacteria population, in which phase are the bacteria rapidly increasing in number and most susceptible to antibiotics? - correct answers Exponential (log) phase A medium that enhances the growth of one particular organism and inhibits the growth of organisms other than one being sought in a mixed population is termed a(n) - correct answers selective medium The mutual interaction of substrate and enzyme is described as a(n) - correct answers induced fit The cell wall of Gram negative organisms - correct answers has a thin peptidoglycan layer and is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS
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Facilitated diffusion and active transport - correct answers both transport molecules into or out of a cell Eukaryotic cells are - correct answers defined by the presence of a membrane bound nucleus Which is (are) true concerning the cell wall of prokaryotes? - correct answers It determines the shape of the bacteria. It prevents the bacteria from bursting. It contains peptidoglycan. It may be targeted by antimicrobials. Cellulose is a major component of plants and is only directly digested by - correct answers microorganisms Bioremediation refers to - correct answers using bacteria to clean up pollutants The macromolecule found in the cell walls of all bacteria is - correct answers peptidoglycan Phagocytosis - correct answers is the ingestion of particles and may be performed by animal cells
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Which amino acid(s) is/are found only in the cell walls of bacteria? - correct answers diaminopimelic acid Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall? - correct answers Mycoplasma pneumonia The proteins of bacteria that are involved in the movement of small molecules into the cell are called - correct answers transport proteins, permeases, and carriers Extrachromasomal DNA is found in _______ - correct answers mitochondria and plasmids Which is not usually true of Archaea? - correct answers They contain peptidoglycan as part of their cell walls (Archaea - found as rods, spheres, or spirals; reproduce by binary fission; contain rigid cell walls; are found as single cells.) Peptidoglycan - correct answers may be digested by lysozyme Which molecules are associated with the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria? - correct answers peptidoglycan, D-form amino acids, and teichoic acids
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The structures present in the hay infusions used in experiments on spontaneous generation that made them difficult to sterilize are - correct answers endospores The word animalcule was coined by - correct answers van Leeuwenhoek. Which is usually true of Bacteria? - correct answers They are found as rods, spheres, or spirals. They reproduce by binary fission. They contain rigid cell walls made by peptidoglycan. They are found as single cells. Most solutes pass through the cytoplasmic membrane via - correct answers transport proteins Movement in bacteria - correct answers is often referred to as 'run and tumble' and may involve pili Which is true of simple diffusion of water? - correct answers Water usually enters a cell and produces a tremendous osmotic pressure, AND the diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane. Microorganisms are involved in - correct answers Production of medicinal products Transforming atmospheric nitrogen to a form useful to plants
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Bacteria are useful to study because - correct answers They produce protein in a similar manner to more complex organisms. They replicate DNA in a similar manner to more complex organisms. They produce energy in a similar manner to more complex organisms. They are grown quickly, easily, and cheaply. Which term(s) refer(s) to bacterial morphology? - correct answers Coccus and bacillus Which is not true of mitochondria and chloroplasts? - correct answers They are found in all organisms (Mitochondria - contain DNA and 70S ribosomes, capable of performing protein synthesis, generate ATP) The changes that occur in virally-infected cells are characteristic for a particular virus and are referred to as the - correct answers cytopathic effect The protein coat of a virus - correct answers is called a capsid, protects the nucleic acid, and is involved in recognition of host cell receptors The temperate phage - correct answers may be lysogenic and enters a lysogenic or lytic life cycle shortly after entering the host cell
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The filamentous phages all contain - correct answers single-stranded DNA Most phages that contain single-stranded DNA - correct answers are extruded contain a positive-sense DNA strand have their DNA transformed to double-stranded DNA before replication and transcription occurs Lysogenic cells - correct answers are immune to infection by the same virus and may have new properties If the infecting phage lacks some critical pieces of DNA necessary for replication, it is called - correct answers defective Bacteriophages and animal viruses - correct answers differ because bacteriophages leave the capsid outside the cell, while animal virus entry involves the entry of the whole nucleocapsid. A virion is a(n) - correct answers complete, extracellular virus particle The group of organisms that a virus may infect is known as its - correct answers host range
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A key feature of a viral infections is the - correct answers separation of viral nucleic acid from the capsid One of the most intensively studied virulent phages which infects E. coli is - correct answers T Specialized transduction - correct answers involves the transfer of a few specific genes, utilizes a defective virus, AND only involves genes near the viral DNA integration site. The integration of phage DNA into the bacterial chromosome occurs because of - correct answers identical DNA sequences in both Retroviruses are unique in that they - correct answers use RNA as a template to make DNA The best known chronic infection involves - correct answers Hepatitis B Cells infected with animal viruses lyse because - correct answers functions necessary for cell survival are not carried out and the cell dies If reasonably pure preparations of virus are available, the number of virus present may be determined by - correct answers electron microscopy
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The viral envelope closely resembles the - correct answers eukaryotic cell membrane Phages that can either replicate and cause cell lysis or can integrate their DNA into the host DNA are called - correct answers lysogenic phages When an enveloped virus absorbs to the host cell with its protein spikes, the virions are taken into the cell by the process of - correct answers endocytosis Prions - correct answers replicate by converting normal host proteins into prion proteins. responsible for "Mad Cow Disease" can cause a similar disease in humans. can be transmitted by consumption of dried or cooked prions. that can cause spongiform encephalopathy have the same amino acids but different folding properties from Prpc. Spongiform encephalopathy occurs in - correct answers humans, cattle, and sheep An infection in which the virus is continually present in the body is referred to as - correct answers persistent In addition to lysis, animal viruses may exit the host cell by - correct answers budding
