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Bio 169 final exam questions with correct answers
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Red |blood |cells |live |about |how |long? |- |✔✔ 120 |days Hemoglobin |is |made |up |of |which |of |the |following? |- |✔✔globin |protein |chains, |iron What |are |the |two |pigments |that |results |from |the |breakdown |of |RBC's? |- |✔✔bilirubin, |biliverdin What |are |the |functions |of |hemoglobin? |- |✔✔transports |oxygen, |CO2, |buffers |pH Which |of |the |following |is |true |concerning |erythropoietin? |- |✔✔released |by |kidney; |controls |RBC | formation Red |blood |cells |are |known |as? |- |✔✔erythrocyte which |of |the |following |are |Granulocytes? |- |✔✔neutrophil, |basophil, |eosinophil Which |of |the |following |are |tissue |phagocytes? |- |✔✔macrophage Which |of |the |following |white |blood |cells |are |increased |in |allergic |reactions, |or |in |asthma |that |is | caused |from |allergies? |- |✔✔eosinophil Monocytes |are |the |largest |of |the |blood |cells. |What |are |they? |- |✔✔macrophages Which |of |the |following |white |blood |cells |are |phagocytes? |- |✔✔macrophages, |neutrophil
Which |of |the |following |cells |produce |antibodies? |- |✔✔B |cell |lymphocytes what |are |the |functions |of |antibodies? |- |✔✔binds |antigen, |activate/fix |complement Which |of |the |following |white |blood |cells |can |be |considered |the |"Commanding |General" |of |the | Immune |System |and |pretty |much |controls |the |actions |of |all |other |white |blood |cells. |- |✔✔T |helper | cells Plasma |cells |are |derived |initially |from? |- |✔✔B |cells Which |of |the |following |blood |components |are |greatly |needed |for |the |clotting |mechanism? |- | ✔✔fibrinogen Which |of |the |following |are |the |main |circulating |plasma |proteins? |- |✔✔albumin, |globulins, |fibrinogen Which |of |the |following |WBC's |would |be |increased |in |viral |infections |such |as |swine |flu? |- | ✔✔lymphocytes Which |of |the |following |is |the |most |important |antibody |molecule? |- |✔✔IgG In |the |extrinsic |clotting |mechanism, |which |of |the |following |is |released |from |damaged, |or |cut |tissues? |- |✔✔tissue |thromboplastin Which |of |the |following |proteins |causes |fibrinogen |to |break |up |into |fragments |which |then |stick | together |that |trap |blood |cells |and |platelets? |- |✔✔thrombin When |blood |is |allowed |to |sit |in |containers |that |does |not |contain |an |anticoagulant |mixed |in, |it |clots!. | Which |of |the |following |is |responsible |for |the |clotting |of |blood |that |comes |in |contact |with |foreign | substances? |- |✔✔Hagemans |Factor Glycoproteins |are |produced |by |the |? |- |✔✔anterior |pituitary |gland
Which |of |the |following |antibodies |are |bound |directly |to |the |mast |cell? |- |✔✔IgE Which |of |the |following |T |cells |helps |control |the |immune |system |basically |telling |the |immune |system | when |enough |is |enough? |- |✔✔T |suppressor |cells When |B-cells |come |in |contact |with |an |antigen |it |clones |itself |into |a |couple |of |types |of |cells. |What |are |they? |- |✔✔plasma |& |memory |cells Which |of |the |following |antibodies |is |found |attached |to |lymphocyte |cell |walls |and |used |as |a |means |of | communication |? |- |✔✔IgD Hemostasis |refers |to? |- |✔✔blood |clotting The |largest |lymphatic |vessel |in |the |body |is |called |the |? |- |✔✔thoracic |duct Where |do |the |collecting |ducts |empty? |- |✔✔subclavian |veins What |type |blood |is |known |as |the |universal |donor? |- |✔✔O Which |of |the |following |is |a |function |of |the |nose? |- |✔✔warms, |filters, |humidifies |air, |voice |projection, |aids |in |phonation The |nasal |septum |is |made |of |the |which |of |the |following |bones? |- |✔✔ethmoid, |vomer If |a |person |aspirates |a |peanut, |it |most |likely |will |lodge |in |the? |- |✔✔right Which |of |the |following |best |describes |the |carina? |- |✔✔place |where |trachea |bifurcates; |strongest | cough |reflex
which |of |the |following |types |of |tissue |is |found |in |the |main |stem |bronchi? |- |✔✔ciliated | pseudostratified How |long |is |the |trachea? |- |✔✔10-13 |cm what |type |of |cartilage |is |found |in |the |trachea? |- |✔✔hyaline How |many |segments |are |there |in |the |lung? |- |✔✔ 18 |total; | 10 |(right |side), | 8 |(left |side) The |first |place |in |the |tracheobronchial |tree |in |which |gas |exchange |takes |place |is? |- |✔✔respiratory | bronchioles Below |the |terminal |bronchioles, |what |type |of |epithelium |is |found |lining |the |bronchioles? |- |✔✔simple |cubodial How |many |alveoli |are |there |in |the |newborn? |- |✔✔ 50 |million How |many |alveoli |are |found |in |the |adult? |- |✔✔ 300 |million The |gel |layer |is |produced |by |the? |- |✔✔goblet |cells Which |of |the |following |accessory |muscles |is |frequently |used |to |aid |inspiration |during |strenuous | exercise |or |running, |or |heavy |labor |(work)? |- |✔✔sternocleidomastoid, |trapezius, |scaline, |pectoralis The |primary |muscle |of |inspiration |is |? |- |✔✔diaphragm Which |of |the |following |is |true |of |expiration? |- |✔✔passive; |due |to |elastic |recoil Which |portion |of |the |brain |controls |rate |and |depth |of |breathing? |- |✔✔pons
Which |of |the |following |vessels |is |responsible |for |the |normal |shunt |seen |in |humans? |These |vessels | mix |deoxygenated |blood |with |oxygenated |blood? |- |✔✔thebesian |& |pulmonary |veins What |nerve |innervates |the |diaphragm |allowing |it |to |contract? |- |✔✔phrenic |nerve When |the |diaphragm |contracts, |what |type |of |pressure |is |created |within |the |lungs |allowing |air |to |rush |in? |- |✔✔negative About |how |many |cilia |are |found |on |the |columnar |cells |found |in |the |lungs? |- |✔✔200- Where |does |the |bronchial |artery |arise? |- |✔✔aorta The |normal |pacemaker |of |the |heart |is |the |? |- |✔✔S.A. |node The |S.A. |node |normally |paces |at? |- |✔✔60- The |pulse |originating |in |the |S.A. |node |travels |to |the |left |atrium |through |? |- |✔✔Bachman's |bundle What |is |the |name |of |the |valve |located |between |the |left |atrium |and |left |ventricle? |- |✔✔mitral |valve The |valve |located |between |the |right |ventricle |and |right |atrium |is |called |the |? |- |✔✔tricuspid |valve Which |of |the |following |vessels |does |not |carry |oxygenated |blood? |- |✔✔pulmonary |artery Blood |travels |from |the |right |ventricle |to |the |lungs |via |the? |- |✔✔pulmonary |artery During |ventricular |systole, |which |of |the |following |is |true? |- |✔✔pulmonic |& |aortic |valves |are |open
If |a |patient's |left |ventricle |fails, |blood |is |likely |to |be |backed |up |into |the |? |- |✔✔lungs Which |of |the |following |is |the |main |coronary |vein? |- |✔✔coronary |sinus Which |of |the |following |is |the |function |of |the |papillary |muscles |and |chordae |tendinae? |- |✔✔keep | from |prolapse Which |of |the |following |vessels |transports |oxygenated |blood |back |from |the |lungs |(alveoli) |to |the |left | atrium? |- |✔✔pulmonary |vein Where |does |the |coronary |sinus |empty? |- |✔✔right |atrium The |"ear-like" |appendages |found |on |the |outer |sides |of |the |atria |are |known |as |? |- |✔✔auricles Which |pumps |the |most |blood? |- |✔✔equal |amount Where |do |the |coronary |arteries |arise? |- |✔✔sinus |of |valsalva How |many |cartilages's |are |there |in |the |adult |trachea? |- |✔✔18- What |type |of |cartilage |is |found |the |human |trachea? |- |✔✔hyaline Where |is |the |last |place |that |ciliated |pseudostratified |columnar |epithelium |and |cartilage |is |found |in | the |airways? |- |✔✔terminal |bronchioles About |how |many |alveoli |are |found |in |the |adult? |- |✔✔ 300 |million On |an |EKG |tracing, |what |does |the |QRS |complex |represent? |- |✔✔ventricular |depolarization
Which |of |the |following |cells |uses |cholesterol |to |produce |bile |salts? |- |✔✔hepatic The |gall |bladder |has |a |capacity |of____________________? |- |✔✔ 30 |to | 50 |mL Types |of |secretory |cells |found |in |the |salivary |glands |include |which |of |the |following? |- |✔✔serous |& | mucus Salivary |amylase |begins |digestion |of |the |which |of |the |following? |- |✔✔carbs The |stomach |contains |many |thick |folds |known |as |? |- |✔✔rugae Chief |cells |secrete |which |of |the |following? |- |✔✔pepsinogen Complete |the |following |reaction: |HCl |+ |pepsinogen |= |_______________ |? |- |✔✔pepsin Intrinsic |factor |is |release |from |the |parietal |cells |in |the |stomach |to |insure? |- |✔✔vitamin |B12 | absorption Which |of |the |following |is |the |primary |function |of |the |intestinal |villi? |- |✔✔aids |in |absorption |of | nutrients Which |of |the |following |is |not |a |portion |of |the |small |intestine? |- |✔✔anything |that |is |NOT |duodenum, | ileum, |jujenum How |long |is |the |duodenum? |- |✔✔ 25 |cm Which |of |the |following |best |describes |the |lacteal? |- |✔✔lymphatic |capillary Peptidases |do |which |of |the |following? |- |✔✔digest |protein
Lacteals |absorb |which |of |the |following? |- |✔✔chylomicrons What |is |the |function |of |Brunner's |glands |found |in |the |duodenum? |- |✔✔secrete |alkaline |substance What |are |Crypts |of |Liberkuhn? |- |✔✔secrete |water Which |branch |of |the |autonomic |nervous |system |increases |peristalsis |and |mixing |movement |through | the |small |intestine? |- |✔✔parasympathetic Trypsin |will |activate |which |of |the |following |enzymes? |- |✔✔carboxypeptidase, |chymotrypsin How |many |lobes |does |the |human |liver |contain? |- |✔✔ 4 Which |of |the |following |is |a |fold |of |visceral |peritoneum |that |separates |the |liver |into |lobes |and | attaches |the |liver |to |the |abdominal |wall |anteriorly? |- |✔✔falciform |ligament Blood |containing |absorbed |nutrients |enters |the |liver |through |which |of |the |following |vessels? |- | ✔✔hepatic |portal |vein The |gall |bladder |releases |bile |when |stimulated |by |which |of |the |following? |- |✔✔cholecystokinin What |is |the |function |of |bile |salts |found |in |bile? |- |✔✔aid |in |solubilizing |ingested |fat |and |fat |soluable | vitamins Protein |splitting |enzymes |are |stored |in |inactive |forms |within |the |pancreas |in |small |structures |called? |- |✔✔zymogen |granules Which |of |the |following |hormones |stimulates |the |pancreas |to |secrete |digestive |enzymes? |- | ✔✔cholecystokinin
Urine |formation |involves |which |of |the |following |processes |? |- |✔✔glomerual |filtration, |tubular | reabsorption, |tubular |secretion What |is |the |name |of |the |muscle |found |in |the |Urinary |Bladder? |- |✔✔detrusor |muscle Intracellular |fluid |contains |high |concentrations |of |all |of |the |following |except? |- |✔✔phosphate, |sulfate, |& |potassium Which |of |the |following |is |considered |insensible |water |loss? |- |✔✔evaporative |water |loss |from |the | respiratory |tract Where |is |the |micturition |(urnination) |reflex |located? |- |✔✔sacral |region The |distal |convoluted |tubule |passes |between |which |of |the |following |structures |allowing |for |the | regulation |of |urinary |output? |- |✔✔... What |type |of |epithelium |lines |the |ureters |and |urinary |bladder? |- |✔✔... A |kidney |contains |about |one |million |nephrons, |each |consisting |of |? |- |✔✔... the |juxtaglomerular |apparatus |consists |of |? |- |✔✔... The |ureter |expands |to |from |a |funnel-shaped |sac |called |the |? |- |✔✔... The |peritubular |capillary |system |surrounds |the |convoluted |tubules. |Branching |off |of |these |capillaries | are |smaller |branches |called__________which |attach |directly |to |tubules. |- |✔✔... Which |of |the |following |structures |surrounds |the |glomerulus? |- |✔✔Bowmans |capsule
Most |reabsorption |of |water |and |electrolytes |occurs |in |which |of |the |following |regions |of |the | convoluted |tubule? |- |✔✔proximal ADH |has |which |of |the |following |effects |on |the |kidney? |- |✔✔increases |the |permeability |of |the |DCT |& | ducts |to |reabsorb |H2O |& |decrease |urinary |output Which |of |the |following |enzymes |converts |Angiotensin-1 |into |Angiotensin-2? |- |✔✔... A |developing |human |organism |is |first |considered |an |embryo |at |what |age |of |development? |- |✔✔... What |is |the |primary |cause |of |menopause? |- |✔✔... The |average |human |pregnancy |is |how |many |weeks? |- |✔✔... Which |of |the |following |hormones |stimulates |uterine |contraction? |- |✔✔... During |prenatal |care, |the |expecting |mother's |blood |is |tested |for |what |hormone |to |determine | pregnancy? |- |✔✔...