Bill Calculation-Energy, Power Grid, Distribution and Utilization-Lecture Slides, Slides of Power Distribution and Utilization

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…..Previous ^ Revision of basic concepts of^ ^ Impedance & Power triangle^ ^ Power factor correction^ ^ Examples^ ^ Power Measurement

Agenda ^ Electricity Consumption ^ Electricity Bills method ^ Example Book ^ Power System in Pakistan ^ Example IESCO Tariffs

Electricity bill  Tariff: Charge to a customer is of Two parts:  Fixed charge covers:  The^ cost^ of generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity  Usually expressed as^ certain price per kW or KVA of maximumdemand  A^ PF penalty charge^ i.e., a certain percentage of kW or kVA maximumdemand is charged for every 0.01 fall in pf below a prescribed value, say0.85 or 0.9 or vice versa (PF credit per 0.01 greater than prescribed PF)  Cost of Energy (Variable) charge covers:  Energy consumed in kWh, usually in graded form (ascending/descendin)^ Total Cost = Fixed Cost + Cost of Energy

Example ^ A manufacturing industry consumes

^200

MWh^ in^ one month. If the maximum demandis^ 1600 kW , calculate the electricity bill basedon the following two-part rate:^ ^ Demand charge :^ $5.00 per month per kW

of billing demand.  Energy charge:^ ^ 8 cents per kWh^ for the

first 50,000 kWh ,

^ 5 cents per kWh^ for the remaining energy.  (Ans.^ $19 ,^500 )

WAPDA POWER HISTORY ^ 1947:^ 60 MW^ generation capacity ^ 1959:^ 119 MW ^ 1965:^ 636 MW ^ 1970:^ 1331 MW ^ 1980:^ 3000 MW ^ 1990:^ 7000 MW ^ 2011:^ 15764 MW Ref:^ http://www.ntdc.com.pk/WapdaPowerHistory.php

Tariffs :^ ^ means^ the^ rates,

charges,^ terms^

and conditions for generation of electric power,transmission, distribution services and salesof^ electric^ power

to^ consumers^

by GEPCO/IESCO^ as approved by

NEPRA^ and notified by the Government of Pakistan.  GEPCO^ shall apply to NEPRA for anychange of tariff to be charged from differentcategories of consumers.

Types of tariffs in Pakistan^ ^ A-1 GENERAL SUPPLY TARIFF- RESIDENTIAL^ ^ A-2 GENERAL SUPPLY TARIFF-COMMERCIAL^ ^ B - INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY TARIFFS^ ^ C - SINGLE-POINT SUPPLY FOR PURCHASE IN BULK^ ^ D - AGRICULTURE TARIFF^ ^ E - TEMPORARY SUPPLY TARIFFS^ ^ F - SEASONAL INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY TARIFF^ ^ G - PUBLIC LIGHTING^ ^ H - RESIDENTIAL COLONIES ATTACHED TOINDUSTRIAL PREMISES^ ^ K - SPECIAL CONTRACTS

A-1 GENERAL SUPPLY TARIFF- RESIDENTIAL

B - INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY TARIFFS

^ Tariff guide^ (effective from 6

th^ May, 2011)^ :

IESCO: http://www.iesco.com.pk/index.php/customer-services/tariff-guideLESCO: http://www.lesco.gov.pk/CustomerServices/3000063.asp ^ In 2007, unified WAPDA tariff wasreplaced by NEPRA for each DISCOs

Reference ^ Chapter 11, Fundamentals of Electric Circuits by Sadiku 3

rd edition  Google search following:^ ^ WAPDA,^ ^ PEPCO^ ^ NEPRA^ ^ NTDC^ ^ PITC^ ^ DISCOs total 8:^ ^ Each Provincial capitals (4), Isb, Fsd, Multan, Hyd.^ ^ GENCOs total 4 :