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BCAT Exam with correct Answers
multiple choice 202 5
Shaping refers to: a.) Reinforcing successive approximations to a target behavior while no longer reinforcing previous approximations b.) Teaching a learner to discriminate between two or more SDs/antecedents c.) A procedure used to correct errors d.) A type of data collection procedure used in ABA - ANS a.) Reinforcing successive approximations to a target behavior while no longer reinforcing previous approximations The difference between a Brief MSWO and MSWO is ________. a.) Only half the items presented in the MSWO are presented in the Brief MSWO b.) During the Brief MSWO, the items are only presented once c.) During the Brief MSWO, items are presented for half the time they are presented during the regular MSWO d.) The Brief MSWO is more accurate than the MSWO - ANS b.) During the Brief MSWO, the items are only presented once Anita is hungry. She points to the crackers on the counter and her mom gives her a cracker. This is an example of ______. a.) Vocal behavior b.) Verbal behavior c.) A & B d.) None of the above - ANS b.) Verbal behavior In regards to the phases of school shadowing, students with ASD should ________. a.) Generally progress through one phase at a time b.) Use a visual schedule prior to entering school, but not once they are in school c.) Skip around in the phases, as needed based on the type of day they are having d.) Be given the same level of demands and expectations of the rest of the class in all phases - ANS a.) Generally progress through one phase at a time Which of the following is an example of maintaining boundaries? a.) Attend client's birthday party during the weekend b.) Accept invitation to client's upcoming holiday party hosted at local restaurant c.) Exchange a haircut from client's mom who is a stylist for a Saturday make-up session d.) Declining an offer to babysit for a client over the weekend - ANS d.) Declining an offer to babysit for a client over the weekend What are the three parts of the discrete trial? a.) The instruction, the stimuli, and feedback
b.) The instruction, the response, and the next instruction c.) The setting, the stimuli, and the behavior d.) The antecedent (Sd and/or MO), the response, and the consequence - ANS d.) The antecedent (Sd and/or MO), the response, and the consequence Which of the following is a guideline for using effective prompting? a.) Use the strongest, most intrusive prompt at all times to ensure success b.) Prompts should never be used in ABA c.) Prompting procedures should always start with physical prompting d.) Use the least intrusive prompt possible that will ensure success for the learner - ANS d.) Use the least intrusive prompt possible that will ensure success for the learner Therapists/RBTs should have regular opportunities to receive feedback from the supervisor/BCBA. Which best describes how the therapist/RBT should respond? a.) Let the supervisor/BCBA know that the feedback was not an accurate reflection of the therapist's skill set b.) Disregard the supervisor's/BCBA's feedback since they really only see a snapshot; they are not with the therapist on a daily basis and can't possibly give accurate feedback c.) Welcome both positive and constructive feedback and attempt to apply the feedback for continued clinical development and growth d.) Welcome the feedback in that moment, but do not attempt to then apply the feedback beyond that immediate session. - ANS c.) Welcome both positive and constructive feedback and attempt to apply the feedback for continued clinical development and growth One of the key differences in the DSM-IV diagnosis and DSM-5 diagnosis is that ________. a.) More children will be diagnosed b.) The level of the client's severity is to be indicated c.) More clients will access services d.) Asperger's will remain as a prevalent disorder - ANS b.) The level of the client's severity is to be indicated An activity schedule would be most appropriate when teaching which of the following skills? a.) Getting dressed b.) Answering social identification questions (e.g., what is your name?) c.) Vocal imitation of sounds d.) All of the above - ANS a.) Getting dressed Which of the following scenarios appropriately protect client confidentiality? a.) After work a few employees meet up for dinner at a local restaurant. They all enjoy unwinding from the day and sharing stories from the events of their day working with their clients.
b.) Generalization procedures are not necessary since most learners in ABA programs automatically generalize skills on their own c.) Generalization procedures should not be a part of any ABA program d.) None of the above - ANS a.) Generalization of acquired skills is necessary for meaningful learning and often requires specific training procedures to occur Which of the following is true regarding aversive stimuli? a.) Aversive stimuli should never be used b.) Provokes emotions c.) Noxious, uncomfortable, painful, or evokes fear when presented d.) A and C - ANS d.) A and C What type of procedure is a token economy system? a.) An antecedent modification procedure b.) A procedure that doesn't need to be taught c.) Both an antecedent modification and consequence manipulation procedure d.) A consequence manipulation only procedure - ANS c.) Both an antecedent modification and consequence manipulation procedure Which is NOT a risk factor that results in individuals with disabilities being at an increased risk for abuse? a.) Increased stress and burden on caregiver or parent b.) Individuals with special needs are usually alone and unsupervised c.) Individuals with special needs have limited safety awareness d.) Individuals with disabilities may have limited communication skills - ANS b.) Individuals with special needs are usually alone and unsupervised How might a deficit in play skills look in an individual with ASD? a.) Strong imaginative play with weaker independent play skills b.) Limited interest in play items or engaging in inappropriate or restricted manner with play items c.) Generally have a strong base of play skills at onset but then have difficulty building upon these d.) For the most part, beginning play develops typically; it's the more advanced play skills such as imaginary play that begin to present difficulties - ANS b.) Limited interest in play items or engaging in inappropriate or restricted manner with play items Individuals with ASD can have deficits in language skills often resulting in difficulty engaging in manding behavior. As a result, you may have a client who ______. a.) Engages in tantrum behavior to indicate that he needs a break
b.) Uses one phrase for all requests such as saying, "more," to indicate that she wants something c.) Has the ability to label objects when asked what they are, but is unable to ask for them without assistance d.) All of the above - ANS d.) All of the above Which is true regarding Motivating Operations (MO) and Discriminative Stimuli (SD)? a.) SD signals the availability of a reinforcer (i.e., triggers a particular behavior) b.) MO determines how motivated you are for a reinforcer (i.e., how strongly you will respond to the SD) c.) Effects of the MO may rely on the presence of relevant SD d.) All of the above - ANS d.) All of the above A Defensive Stance should be used when _____________. a.) a client has escalated and is being aggressive b.) a client is calm and compliant c.) a client is known to be aggressive but is not yet aggressive d.) only working with children - ANS a.) a client has escalated and is being aggressive Julie currently works with two clients whose parents know each other and speak often. One day one of the parents begins to ask Julie several questions about the other client's progress. Julie knows the families are good friends so she updates the parent on the other child's program and the current challenges he is experiencing. What ethical guideline is Julie neglecting in this situation? a.) Maintaining confidentiality b.) Avoiding harmful reinforcers c.) Avoiding false, deceptive, or misleading statements d.) Maintaining client records - ANS a.) Maintaining confidentiality The client is required to do the first step and then is prompted to complete remaining steps. This best describes the onset of which teaching procedure? a.) Forward chaining b.) Backward chaining c.) Total chain production d.) Shaping - ANS a.) Forward chaining Activity schedules can be used to address difficulties a client may have with _________. a.) Transitioning from one activity to the next b.) Staying on-task c.) Making appropriate play choices d.) All of the above - ANS d.) All of the above
c.) Older adults d.) Young adults - ANS a.) Advanced learners According to research, what is the most reliable form of identifying potentially effective reinforcers? a.) Caregiver Report b.) Self Report c.) Physical Choice d.) Trial and Error - ANS c.) Physical Choice When providing direct therapy sessions with clients, which of the following is NOT a therapist/RBT responsibility? a.) Preparation & Clean Up b.) Skill Acquisition Tasks c.) Program design and updates d.) Behavior Management - ANS c.) Program design and updates The following are examples of continuous measurement procedures, except: a.) Frequency/rate b.) Duration c.) Partial interval recording d.) All of the above - ANS c.) Partial interval recording The therapist/RBT positions the target item closest to the client while the distracter items are placed slightly further away. This best describes which stimulus prompt? a.) Directive prompt b.) Position cues c.) Movement cues d.) Redundancy - ANS b.) Position cues Physically altering or exaggerating part of the stimuli to emphasize it to the learner best describes which stimulus prompt? a.) Directive prompt b.) Position cues c.) Movement cues d.) Redundancy - ANS d.) Redundancy While there is great variability in program books across different ABA providers, there are some general components that are commonly found. Which of the following is NOT a likely component within a program book discussed within this training?
a.) Behavior Intervention Plan b.) Skill Acquisition Plans c.) Data d.) Client Reports and Assessments - ANS d.) Client Reports and Assessments A stimulus that cues the learner to respond and indicates the availability of reinforcement for a given behavior is known as a(n): a.) Prompt d.) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) c.) Discriminative Stimulus (SD) d.) Establishing Operation (EO) - ANS c.) Discriminative Stimulus (SD) When conducting an ABC analysis of behavior, what two kinds of antecedent event are important? a.) NCR and FCT b.) SD and NET c.) SD and MO d.) MO and FCT - ANS c.) SD and MO All of the following are within the nine ethical principles discussed EXCEPT: a.) Accord client dignity b.) Ensure there is a scientific basis for any treatment c.) Be just / Treat others as you would want to be treated d.) Do no harm - ANS b.) Ensure there is a scientific basis for any treatment A parent continuously tells a child he is unwanted and otherwise ignores the individual. What form of abuse best describes this parent's actions? a.) Physical b.) Neglect c.) Emotional d.) Sexual - ANS c.) Emotional Extinction is best described as: a.) removing reinforcement from a learner upon the occurrence of a particular behavior b.) ignoring the learner for a set period of time following the occurrence of a particular behavior c.) no longer providing reinforcement for a particular behavior when it occurs d.) None of the above - ANS c.) no longer providing reinforcement for a particular behavior when it occurs Which of the following is an example of verbal behavior?
a.) Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention, and is used to treat young children with autism b.) Experimental Intensive Behavioral Intervention, and is used to treat persons with autism c.) Early Individualized Behavior Implementation, and is used to treat a variety of disorders d.) Every Individual Behaves Independently, and is used to treat a variety of disorders including Autism Spectrum Disorders, Down Syndrome, and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - ANS a.) Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention, and is used to treat young children with autism Which of the following is a true statement regarding individuals that previously received one of the four Pervasive Developmental Disorder diagnoses under DSM-IV? a.) These individuals must immediately be diagnosed b.) All these individuals should be diagnosed with Social Communication Disorder instead c.) The individual should still meet the criteria of ASD under DSM-5 or another more accurate diagnosis under DSM- 5 d.) If the individual does not meet the new criteria under DSM-5 they have likely outgrown the disorder - ANS c.) The individual should still meet the criteria of ASD under DSM-5 or another more accurate diagnosis under DSM- 5 When gathering specific information about a client's skill set all of the following are examples of something a therapist/RBT may be asked to do except ________. a.) Implement standardized assessment in structured setting b.) Probe or check if certain skills can be performed by the client c.) Answer a questionnaire or survey about the client d.) Observe and record behavioral data - ANS a.) Implement standardized assessment in structured setting Ways to prepare for a successful ABA session include: a.) Briefly checking in with parents/caregivers about any relevant issues that may impact the session b.) Gathering data and other needed materials/stimuli ahead of time c.) Reviewing previous session notes d.) All of the above - ANS d.) All of the above What is a preventative intervention? a.) An intervention that would be used to prevent interaction with a client. b.) Intervening with clients to attempt to de-escalate them before a crisis behavior occurs. c.) Intervening because a client may hurt themselves or others.
d.) An intervention that occurs when a client is in crisis. - ANS b.) Intervening with clients to attempt to de-escalate them before a crisis behavior occurs. Generalization refers to: a.) A learner's ability to perform a skill without prompting b.) Behavior change that occurs without teaching c.) A learner's ability to perform a skill without reinforcement d.) A procedure that ensures consistency among instructors - ANS b.) Behavior change that occurs without teaching Before starting to work with a client in the school environment it will be important to do which of the following? a.) The direct staff or aide should have a conversation with the case supervisor regarding strategies to responding to possible threats to confidentiality b.) The case supervisor and direct staff should have a clear understanding of the client's rights and wishes for disclosing information in the school setting c.) Meet with the teacher and catch her up to speed about the client so that she understands how hard he has worked and is better able to support him in her class d.) A and B - ANS d.) A and B What does DRO stand for? a. Differential Reinforcement of Observable Behavior b. Differential Reinforcement of Obvious Behavior c. Differential Reinforcement of Obedient Behavior d. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior - ANS d. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior Which of these is NOT a prompt commonly used at CARD? a. Full Physical b. Gestural c. Observational d. Model - ANS c. Observational Which of the following is a gestural prompt for the stimulus "sit down"? a. The instructor says "Sit down" and points their finger at the chair b. The instructor says "Sit down" and holds up a card that says "Sit down" c. The instructor says "Sit down" and performs the action of sitting down d. The instructor says "Sit down" and physically guides the learner to sit down - ANS a. The instructor says "Sit down" and points their finger at the chair Which of the following does NOT constitute a dual relationship? a. Tom's ophthalmologist is the father of her client, Bryce. b. Macy provides ABA therapy for Autumn during the week and babysits her on the weekends
d. The M&Ms have become a secondary reinforcer - ANS a. M&Ms are not a reinforcer Which of the following relationships are acceptable? a. The technician is in a relationship with the client's older brother b. The technician meets with the client's parents after the session for drinks c. The technician provides babysitting services to the client on her own time d. None of the above relationships are acceptable - ANS d. None of the above relationships are acceptable Which of the following is NOT a measure typically used at CARD to record problem behaviors? a. Duration b. Celeration c. Rate d. CARD uses all of these measures to record problem behaviors - ANS b. Celeration What are the 3 types of behavior chains? a. Discreet Trial Training, Discrimination Training, Expanded Training b. Backwards Chaining, Inside Chaining, Multiple Behavior Chaining c. Task Analysis Chaining, Total Task Chaining, Task Presentation d. Forward Chaining, Backward Chaining, Total Task Presentation - ANS d. Forward Chaining, Backward Chaining, Total Task Presentation Which of the following is NOT a guideline for giving a reinforcer? a. The learner should have free access to reinforcers to maintain effectiveness b. Conduct preference assessments prior to every lesson c. Reinforcers should be easy to give and remove d. Deliver reinforcers within a ½ second of the response - ANS a. The learner should have free access to reinforcers to maintain effectiveness An individual with autism may exhibit excesses in all of the following behaviors EXCEPT: a. Stereotypy (example: hand flapping) b. Aggression c. Perspective-Taking (putting themselves in someone else's shoes) d. All of the above are behavioral excesses exhibited by individuals with autism - ANS c. Perspective-Taking (putting themselves in someone else's shoes) __________ occurs when a learner uses a newly acquired skill in a novel and appropriate situation or setting, and/or engages in new forms of the newly acquired skill without being taught to do so. a. Maintenance b. Generalization c. Discrimination d. Chaining - ANS b. Generalization
Which of the following SDs belongs to a successive lesson? a. "What's your last name?" b. "Give me apple" c. "Touch green" d. "Give me the large one" - ANS a. "What's your last name?" Which of these is a type of antecedent within Discreet Trial Training? a. No, no, prompt, repeat b. Demand Fading c. Reinforcement d. SD - ANS d. SD What is the core principle of ABA? a. The consequence that follows a behavior will determine whether that behavior will increase or decrease b. Reinforcement will maintain or increase a behavior c. Consistency is key in producing change within the learner d. Reinforcement, generalization, and extinction can be used with children to treat autism - ANS a. The consequence that follows a behavior will determine whether that behavior will increase or decrease For an autism diagnosis, symptoms must be present before which age? a. 18 months b. 3 c. 10 d. 18 - ANS b. 3 Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer? a. iPhone b. Cookies c. Juice d. The question cannot be answered without a preference assessment - ANS a. iPhone Samantha (technician) and Tyler (learner) are making breakfast during their session. While preparing, Samantha asks Tyler what would happen if an egg dropped onto the counter (lesson: cause and effect). Tyler replies "it would bounce!" Samantha takes out an egg, and has Tyler drop the egg onto the counter. Tyler shouts "it doesn't bounce, it breaks!" Which NET prompt was used in this scenario? a. Acting Confused Prompt b. Experiential Prompt c. Indirect Verbal Prompt d. Practice Prompt - ANS b. Experiential Prompt Luke has learned to button his pants independently. Two months after meeting mastery criteria set by the therapy team, all prompts have been removed and an intermittent
When you arrive for your session, you notice that your client is wearing the same clothes as yesterday. You smell that she is wearing a dirty pull-up, and she looks dirty. Which of the following child abuse concerns should you report to your supervisor? a. Mental Abuse b. Emotional Abuse c. Neglect d. This would not constitute an abuse situation - ANS c. Neglect "The presentation of one target SD across consecutive trials" defines: a. Mass Trial b. Random Rotation c. Acquisition d. Discrimination Training - ANS a. Mass Trial Which of the following is NOT a behavior deficit that may be exhibited by individuals with Autism? a. Hand Flapping b. Finger skills c. Communication d. Eye contact - ANS a. Hand Flapping Which of the following is NOT a behavior excess that may be exhibited by individuals with Autism? a. Perspective-Taking b. Aggression c. Hand Flapping d. Vocal Stereotypy - ANS a. Perspective-Taking Lee frequently scratches his therapist, Liz, when he is given a break for his technician to graph lesson data. When this happens, Liz usually looks at Lee and says "Don't do that!" What is most likely the function of William's scratching behavior? a. Sensory/Automatic b. Escape c. Attention d. Access to Tangible - ANS c. Attention Choose the true statement: a. Simultaneous Discrimination Training should be used when a target is presented in a field b. Successive Discrimination Training should be used when there is no field of stimuli c. Simultaneous DT has a 7 and 4 step procedure
d. All of the above statements are true - ANS d. All of the above statements are true Select the best definition of Discrimination Training: a. A systematic evaluation of antecedents and consequences maintaining problem behavior b. The process of systematically increasing the number of trials between presentations of the target SD c. The process of reinforcing a target response only when the target SD is presented d. A complex behavior broken down into a sequence of several smaller responses - ANS c. The process of reinforcing a target response only when the target SD is presented Which is an example of an echoic prompt? a. Physically guide the child to enter a room b. The child was given a toy by a peer. The therapist says "Say thanks!" and the child says "Thanks!" c. The instructor stares at the stimulus that is the correct response d. The instructor holds up a written card with the word "car" and says "touch car" - ANS b. The child was given a toy by a peer. The therapist says "Say thanks!" and the child says "Thanks!" How often should you conduct a preference assessment? a. Before each lesson b. This is dependent on the learner c. On a fixed time-based interval, for example, every 5 minutes d. Throughout the session as opportunities arise - ANS a. Before each lesson If you present a toy and chips to a learner in a preference assessment and the learner picks the toy every time and never chooses the chips, you should assume: a. The learner does not like chips b. The toy is going to be a more powerful reinforcer right now as compared to the cookie c. The learner has been playing with the toy a lot lately and might be bored of it d. The learner has a food allergy - ANS b. The toy is going to be a more powerful reinforcer right now as compared to the cookie Which of the following would be considered a primary reinforcer? a. Whichever reinforcer your client chooses first b. The most highly preferred reinforcer c. Toys, vocal praise, etc. d. Food and drinks - ANS d. Food and drinks The therapist presents the SD "Give me ball" and physically guides the learner's hands to
d. Application of the principles of behavior to issues that are impacting the development of an individual with Autism - ANS a. Application of the principles of behavior to issues that are socially important in order to produce a practical change When a skill is mastered ad moved into maintenance, the learner should be on a _______________ reinforcement schedule for that mastered skill. a. Error correction b. Continuous c. Intermittent d. Errorless - ANS c. Intermittent Complete the definition of Shaping. Reinforcing successive approximations to a target behavior _______. a. While providing smaller reinforcement for previous approximations b. While extinguishing previous approximations c. With continuous reinforcement for approximations d. The definition above is complete - ANS b. While extinguishing previous approximations Which of the following would be considered a breach of confidentiality? a. Using a client's name to call her over to a group of peers b. Leaving a logbook in the front seat of your car overnight c. Demonstrating an extinction procedure for a client's mother d. Saying "This is (therapist) from CARD" in a voicemail - ANS b. Leaving a logbook in the front seat of your car overnight "Use escape extinction. Do not allow Jeffery to leave until he has followed through with the demand. Reinforce appropriate requests for a break." This best exemplifies which part of the BIP? a. Operational Definition b. Antecedent Modification c. Replacement Behavior d. Consequence Manipulation - ANS d. Consequence Manipulation You have been asked to use a DRA on a continuous reinforcement (1:1) schedule + Extinction for your client's inappropriate protest behavior. The replacement behavior is asking for a break. The supervisor has determined that the function of this behavior is escape. During your session, your client begins to cry and scream after you place a demand. What would be the best option for you? a. Give him a break immediately b. Ignore his crying and screaming behavior and re-present the demand c. Pause the lesson and tell him that you'll continue when he stops crying, wait until he stops, and continue the lesson d. Thoroughly explain that he should wait until the lesson is over, ensure that he understand what you mean, and then continue the lesson - ANS b. Ignore his crying and screaming behavior and re-present the demand
What is the three-term contingency? a. Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence b. DTT, NET, TAD c. Antecedent, Response, Contingency d. Application, Referral, Maintenance - ANS a. Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence Conner has been asked to generalize targets in Ben's Body Parts lesson. Connor does this by playing an "Operation" board game with Ben and asking him to identify the body parts in the game (Example: "Touch arm"). Which type of generalization did Conner use? a. Generalization across responses b. Generalization across environments c. Generalization across stimuli d. Generalization across people - ANS c. Generalization across stimuli Why is maintenance important? a. Maintenance ensures that the client has extra time to work b. Maintenance is not important but can be useful for certain clients c. Running maintenance lessons helps us ensure that our clients retain the skills that we have taught them after formal instruction has ended d. Therapists might occasionally run out of lessons to run during the session, so maintenance programs provide additional material to work with - ANS c. Running maintenance lessons helps us ensure that our clients retain the skills that we have taught them after formal instruction has ended Which of these is not a category of response? a. Correct Response b. Actual Response c. Incorrect Response d. No Response - ANS b. Actual Response Mickey is hungry. He says "pizza" and someone gives him a slice of pizza. Mickey saying "pizza" is an example of a/an: a. Label b. Mand c. Tact d. Intraverbal - ANS b. Mand
