Schools & Countries Classification: Thesis Statement & Essay Writing Guide, Thesis of English Language

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USKUDAR UNIVERSITY

WRITING BOOKLET

CLASSIFICATION ESSAY

• In a classification essay, you divide a topic into three classes based on an aspect.
• You have to give information about the three classes in the same order and importance. You have to follow a certain pattern.
• You need to avoid irrelevant and conflicting ideas and information.
  • It is optional to give ideas about each category, but they have to be relevant and suitable to the general pattern. *** Steps to write an effective classification essay: Step 1: Brainstorm and find details**
  1. Think about the topic below and cross out (X) the irrelevant class.
  2. Write down as many information about each class as possible.
  3. Then cross out the irrelevant information. schools High school Primary school University Language school

Step 2: Outline your essay according to the essay structure. Thesis statement:

1. Introduce your topic with a good thesis statement. Your thesis statement should include Topic (school) Three categories (primary school, high school and university) The pattern (optional)
2. You can write your thesis statements by using structures such as: There are three types/classes/kinds/categories of schools which are / such as primary school, high school and university in terms of educational levels. Schools can be classified / divided into three types which are / such as primary school, high school and university (according to educational levels). We can classify / categorize schools as primary school, high school and university (according to educational levels). Exercise 3: Write thesis statements for the topics with your own categories in exercise 1. Try to use the words above.
3. You can ________________________ friends into three categories __________ _______________, _____________ and ___________________.
4. There are three _____________________ of friends __________________ _________________, _______________ and _________________.
5. Holidays can be _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________.
6. Shoes ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________.
7. Mobile technology _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________. Useful vocabulary to use in your thesis statement: classify as x,y,z classify into three classes of sth categorize as x,y,z categorize into three categories of sth divide as x,y,z divide into three types, kinds, sorts of sth

Topic sentences

• Introduce your categories with clear topic sentences.
• You can use transitional signals at the beginning of each paragraph to make it more fluent. Examples of topic sentences: The first category of schools is called primary schools. First , schools can be classified as primary schools. BODY 1 One type of schools is primary schools. The second category is high schools. Secondly , there are high schools. BODY 2 Another type of schools is high schools. The last / third /final category is university. There are also universities. BODY 3 The other type of schools is university. Exercise 4: Write your own topic sentences according to the topics in exercise 1. Try to use the words above.

1. The _________________________ of friends is ____________________. (1st^ body)
2. Another _______________________________________________________. (2nd^ body, friends)
3. Friends can also be classified as _________________________________. (3rd^ body)
4. The _________________________ of holidays is ___________________. (1nd^ body)
5. Holidays can____________________________________________________. (2nd^ body)
6. ______________________________________________________________. (3rd^ body, holidays)
7. ___________________________________ of shoes is ___________________. (1st^ body)
8. Mobile technology __________________________________________________. (2nd^ body)
9. __________________________________ of mobile technology ________________. (3rd^ body) Useful signal words to use in topic sentences: First / Firstly /To begin with / First of all + sentence The first + noun … Secondly, + sentence. The second/Another + noun … Last/Finally/Last but not the least + sentence The third/The last/The final/The other + noun

TS 1 : The first category of schools is called primary schools. Details : _________________________________________ TS 2 : The second category is high schools. Details : ____________________________________________ TS 3: The last / third /final category is university Details: ___________________________________________ Thesis Restatement : Schools can be classified (into three categories such) as primary school, high school and university. Exercise 6 : Create your own outline for one of the topics in exercise 2. Step 3: Write your introduction paragraph.

• When you start to write an essay, you should draw attention to your topic.
• In your introduction paragraph, you should start with a general statement to draw your reader’s attention to your topic. You can: - ask a general question about your topic, - give general information, - find an interesting quotation (a famous person’s sentence) related to the topic,
• Then, narrow (specify) the topic to come to the point. To do this, you can:
  • answer the question if you asked in your general statement, Thesis statement : ________________________________________________________________

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TS 1 : _______________________________________________ Details : _________________________________________ TS 2 : ______________________________________________ Details : _________________________________________ TS 3: _______________________________________________ Details: _________________________________________ Thesis Restatement : _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________.

• give specific numbers or places about the information you used at the beginning,
• make a brief comment on a quotation (if you used) to narrow the topic according to your thesis statement.
• At the end of the introduction paragraph you should indicate your essay topic with your thesis statement in your outline. Exercise 7: Put the sentences below in the correct and logical order to create an ideal introductory paragraph.

1. For example you need to have a diploma to show your educational level.
2. But having a job is not easy.
3. Throughout the history, people have always needed a good job to have a good life.
4. And your school determines your level of education.
5. That is why schools are classified into categories such as primary schools, high schools and universities. Now write an introductory paragraph for one of the topics in exercise 1 and 2 Step 3: Body Paragraphs (Add your details and examples):

• Write your body paragraphs according to the outline.
• Give your details and information in simple and understandable sentences.
• Be careful with S+V+O order.
• Add transition words to create fluency. Useful transition signals to use in body paragraphs: To add information To show contrast And, But + sentence ***In the introduction part, the order from general to specific is very important, so make sure you have a logical order.

• An introductory paragraph should include at least 3-4 sentences.**

2. Then, you should re-write your topic sentences or summarize each category in only 3 sentences (summary).
3. Last, you should give your opinion about the topic ( final thought ). Your opinion can be about: Which category is your favorite / important? Why? What can be done about this subject? What is your prediction about this subject? Exercise 10: Read the sample conclusion paragraph below and underline the summary part. In conclusion , education is given in three different categories of schools. The first and the most important one is the primary school where our education starts and our life is formed. The second category is high school; we learn many things in more detail and choose our jobs. Also, in the last category, which is university, we get education for our jobs. Therefore, in my opinion , education is very important in all of these three categories, and we should always be responsible at school. Exercise 11: Write your own concluding paragraph for the one of the topics in exercise 1 according to the rules. Try to use the signal words in the box above. Sample Classification Essay Useful structures for summary: As it was mentioned above + sentence Briefly/ In brief, + sentence To sum up / Shortly / In short + sentence Useful structures to give opinions: I think, + sentence What I believe (about it) is (that), + sentence In my opinion, + sentence When it comes to my opinion, + sentence From my point of view, + sentence

Brainstorming Outline: Thesis Statement: There are three types of countries according to their economic conditions. Topic Sentence 1: The first category is developed countries. Details: High standard of living, Technological infrastructure Topic Sentence 2: They have also categorized some countries as developing countries. Details: Moderately rich and poor, Low industrialization and human development Topic Sentence 3 : Finally, there are underdeveloped countries in the world according to this classification Details: High rate of poverty, Limited resources Thesis Restatement: In conclusion, the countries are divided into three in terms of development. Countries Developed Countries Under- developed countries Limited resources High rate of poverty High standard of living Technological Developing^ infrastructure countries Low industrialization and low human development Moderately rich and moderately poor

Brainstorming : Outline : Thesis statement : ________________________________________________________________

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TS 1 : _______________________________________________ Details : _________________________________________ TS 2 : ______________________________________________ Details : _________________________________________ TS 3: _______________________________________________ Details: _________________________________________ Thesis Restatement : _______________________________________________________________

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Mobile technology

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ESSAY

Advantages and disadvantages essay questions when you are told to assess whether the benefits of something outweigh the drawbacks. In this type of essays, you are given a statement to comment on the advantages and disadvantages of the topic. As an example, we will use a topic of tourism in modern world. Basically, in all advantages and disadvantages essays, your task is to describe positive and negative sides of a given topic and to give your opinion. Producing ideas for your answer Before you start writing your essay, you should always spend 1-2 minutes on producing ideas for your answer in the brainstorming part. This way, you’ll know what to write about and your answer will be more coherent and well-structured. In case of advantages & disadvantages essay, you need to think of 2-3 advantages and 2- 3 disadvantages of the given issue. Let’s think about advantages and disadvantages of tourism in the modern world. A lot of places in the world rely on tourism as a main source of income. Unfortunately, tourism can also be a source of problems if it is not managed correctly. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of tourism in the modern world. Do you think that benefits of tourism outweigh its drawbacks?

Brainstorm Advantages vs. Disadvantages Write two columns and label one as "advantages" and the other as "disadvantages" and write all the ideas that come to mind beneath each section. You should then add some details and examples under each idea, and ideally, you should decide on which advantages and disadvantages are the most crucial to your argument. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Advantages of tourism: boost in country’s economy due to increased spending new job opening for local people opportunities to discover new places for individual travellers Disadvantages of tourism: destruction of popular tourist destinations by large numbers of tourists development of illegal economic activities local people can experience loss of privacy Now, after we’ve collected some ideas, it’s time to use them in our essay. Here is the summary of what you are expected to write: Introduction or Introduction Body paragraph 1 – advantages Body paragraph 1 – advantages Body paragraph 2 – advantages Body paragraph 2 – disadvantages Body paragraph 3 – disadvantages Body paragraph 3 – disadvantages Conclusion Conclusion

Sample Body paragraph to state a disadvantage Sentence 1 - write a Topic Sentence: On the other hand, tourism also has some major disadvantages like destruction of popular tourist destinations. Other sentences - explain the disadvantage + give an example (if possible): Ancient buildings, temples and monuments struggle to cope with a vast amount of visitor’s traffic and get damaged. Also, the large number of tourists can cause environmental problems. To give an example, some famous touristic destinations such as Venice suffer from pollution after they started to be visited by a lot of tourists from all over the world. In addition to this, when places of interest are overcrowded, natural resources often become overexploited.

3. Conclusion As we always do like in the other types of essays, we start our conclusion with a thesis restatement: In conclusion, one can state a few advantages of tourism along with disadvantages. After that, briefly summarize the advantages and disadvantages (summary): As it was mentioned above, although tourism has certain disadvantages like destructive effects on environment, it has an extremely positive impact on country’s economy and provides a large number of new jobs for the local people. Then give your final opinion: I believe that these benefits of tourism outweigh its drawbacks. After all these steps our essay will be like: