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economic prosperity - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔(1922-1928) a lengthy period standard of living - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔During the boom years, unemployment was below 4 percent and most Americans' standard of living grew significantly. Indoor plumbing and central heating became commonplace; by 1930, two-thirds of all homes had electricity. Real income for both the middle class and working class also increased substantially. scientific management - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Frederick Taylor's term for the application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or other large organization; made the manufacturing process more efficient Henry Ford - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔In 1914, he perfected a system for manufacturing automobiles by means of an assembly line. assembly line - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks consumer appliances - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, and washing machines
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impact of the automobile - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔In the 1920s, this product had the largest impact on society. It caused the growth of cities and suburbs, and workers no longer needed to live near their factories. It provided job opportunities and was a much more efficient way of transportation. "open shop" - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a workplace where employees were not required to join a union welfare capitalism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔voluntarily offering the employees improved benefits and higher wages to reduce interest in unions industrial design - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The fusion of art and technology during the 1920s and 1930s created the new profession of industrial design. Art Deco - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The 1920s modernistic art style captured the modernistic simplification of forms while using machine- age materials.
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phonographs - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔just like the radio, it made music available to a huge (and youthful) public popular heroes - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔In the new age of radio and movies, Americans radically shifted their viewpoint and adopted as role models larger-than-life personalities celebrated on the sports page and the movie screen. aviation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The improving technology of airplanes in the 1920s created the opportunity for aviators to set and break speed and distance records. Crowds would greet pilots after epic flights, and communities would hold huge parades to honor them. Charles Lindbergh - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The most celebrated hero; a young aviator who thrilled the entire world by flying nonstop across the Atlantic from Long Island to Paris in 1927. modernism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔took a historical and critical view of certain passages in the Bible and believed they could accept Darwin's theory of evolution without abandoning their religious faith. fundamentalism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the key doctrine was that creationism (the belief that God had created the universe in seven days,
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as stated in the Bible) explained the origin of life; blamed modernists for causing a decline in morals revivalists - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔preachers who wanted to revive the role of religion in America Billy Sunday - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔radio evangelist who drew large crowds as he attacked drinking, gambling, and dancing. Aimee Semple McPherson - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔condemned the twin evils of communism and jazz music from her pulpit in Los Angeles Scopes Trial - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools Clarence Darrow - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Defended John Scopes during the Scopes Trial. He argued that evolution should be taught in schools.
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Ku Klux Klan - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔reborn in Georgia in 1915. Wanted to restore white, Protestant America. Lashed out against minorities - Catholic, Jewish, and immigrants, as well as African Americans. Called for 100% Americanism Birth of a Nation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔A popular silent film, which portrayed the KKK during Reconstruction as heroes. African Americans, foreigners, and suspected communists - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔all subjects to KKK hostility Gertrude Stein - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔coined the term "Lost Generation" "lost generation" - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe F. Scott Fitzgerald - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔his novel THE GREAT GATSBY is considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl.
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Sinclair Lewis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔United States novelist who satirized middle-class America in his novel Main Street Ernest Hemingway - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms Erza Pound - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔He began the imagist movement. He wrote over 70 books, including "The Cantos," a series of poems which he expresses his beliefs. T. S. Eliot - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔wrote "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," "The Waste Land" and "The Hollow Men;" British WWI poet, playwright, and literary critic Eugene O'Neill - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔his plays expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture. Edward Hopper - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔painter who was inspired by the architecture of American cities to explore loneliness and isolation of urban life
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fashion - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Flapper look set young people apart from the older generation. Influenced by movie actresses as well as their own desires for independence, young women shocked their elders by wearing dresses hemmed at the knee (instead of ankle), "bobbing" (cutting short) their hair, smoking cigarettes, and driving cars high school education - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔universal ________ became the new American goal because of the widespread belief in the value of education. By the end of the 1920s, the number of graduates had doubled to over 25% of school-age young adults. consumer culture - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔increased consumer spending--credit cards, home ownership, television, etc. Frederick Lewis Allen - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔In 1931, he wrote "Only Yesterday", a popular history book that portrayed the 1920s as a period of narrow-minded materialism. Only Yesterday - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔A 1931 history book that portrayed the 1920s as a period of narrow-minded materialism in which the middle class abandoned Progressive reforms, embraced conservative Republican policies, and either supported or condoned nativism, racism, and fundamentalism.
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migration from the South - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔20 percent of all African Americans lived in the North in the 1930s. The south experienced more discrimination; there was migration from the south because of some improvements in the standard of living. "Harlem Renaissance" - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished Countee Cullen - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔wrote "Any Human to Another," "Color," and "The Ballad of the Brown Girl;" American Romantic poet; leading African-American poets of his time; associated with generation of poets of the Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔A leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance. He wrote "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" and "My People" James Weldon Johnson - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔American poet and part of the Harlem Renaissance, he was influenced by jazz music.
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Marcus Garvey - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927. Black pride - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a cultural movement among African Americans to encourage pride in their African heritage and to substitute African and African American art forms, behaviors, and cultural products for those of whites Warren Harding - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔29th president of the US; Republican; "Return to Normalcy" (life as it had been before WWI- peace, isolation); presidency was marred by scandal Charles Evans Hughes - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Secretary of State under Harding, Proposed a 10-year moratorium on the construction of major new warships at the Washington Conference Andrew Mellon - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Secretary of Treasury under President Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, who instituted a Republican policy of reduced government spending, lower taxes to the wealthy and higher tariffs
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Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔(1922) Federal law that raised tariff rates on manufactured goods and levied high duties on imported agricultural goods. Bureau of the Budget - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Formed in 1921, this bureau created procedures for all government expenditures to be placed in a single budget for Congress to annually review and vote on. Harry M. Daugherty - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Attorney General Under Harding, big-time crook in the "Ohio Gang," involved in the illegal sale of pardons and liquor permits. Albert B. Fall - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔He was Secretery of the Interior during Harding's administration, and was a scheming anticonservationist. He was convicted of leasing naval oil reserves and collecting bribes, which was called the Tea Pot Dome scandal. Teapot Dome - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Scandal during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil-drilling rights on government land in return for money Calvin Coolidge - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid
