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AORN PERIOP 101 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A LATEST 2024 EXAM
Using mechanical friction when prepping will NOT aid in A. Removal of resident bacteria B. Removal of dirt and oil C. The effectiveness of antimicrobials D. Removal of transient bacteria Correct Ans - A. Removal of resident bacteria Reduction in resident bacteria is aided by: A. Use of a degreaser B. Use of antimicrobials C. Prepping clean to dirty D. Mechanical friction Correct Ans - B. Use of antimicrobials Prolonged contact of skin antisepsis agents due to pooling of the solutions can cause patient injuries that include:
- Chemical burns
- Thermal burns
- Injuries related to equipment malfunction Correct Ans - A. 1 and 2 Which one of the following statements is TRUE? A. Povidone-iodine's mechanism of action is to disrupt the cell membrane B. Povidone-iodine is nonirritating to the skin C. Povidone-iodine cannot be used on mucous membranes D. Heating povidone-iodine may decrease its effectiveness Correct Ans
- D. Heating povidone-iodine may decrease its effectiveness Documentation of the preoperative skin prep includes all of the follow EXCEPT: A. Hair removal B. Manufacturer of solutions used C. Allergies D. Name of the person who performed the prep Correct Ans - B. Manufacturer of solutions used When prepping an extremity, which one of the following is ALWAYS required? A. Positioning the extremity to prevent prep solution from running toward the incision site B. Assistance in holding the limb C. Scrubbing nails with a brush before the formal prep D. Prepping so that the entire limb can be draped Correct Ans - A. Positioning the extremity to prevent prep solution from running toward the incision site
Surgical wound infections can result in decreased. A. Hospitalization time B. Intraoperative time C. Income for hospitals D. Workload for perioperative nurses Correct Ans - C. Income for hospitals Preoperative skin preparation is accomplished by. A. Removing soil and transient microbes B. Reducing resident microbes C. Using antimicrobial agents that inhibit growth of microbes D. All of the above Correct Ans - D. All of the above According to AORN's guidelines for skin preparation of patients, hair at the operative site is. A. Allowed to remain unless it interferes with the surgical procedures B. Always removed with a depilatory C. Removed at least two hours before surgery D. Dry shaved as opposed to wet shaved Correct Ans - A. Allowed to remain unless it interferes with the surgical procedures The concept of prepping from clean to dirty means. A. Cleaning all stomas or open wounds 昀椀rst B. Beginning at the incision site and using circular strokes toward the periphery C. Prep solution is changed after cleaning contaminated areas D. Surgical scrub solutions used 昀椀rst and then surgical paint Correct Ans
- B. Beginning at the incision site and using circular strokes toward the periphery Common resident bacteria include all EXCEPT: A. Staphylococcus epiermidis B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Diphtheroid bacillus D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Correct Ans - wrong Which one of the following statements about the skin prep is FALSE? A. Povidone-iodine should not be allowed to dry B. Manufacturers' guidelines should be followed C. Skin prep is performed after the patient has been positioned D. The name of the person performing the prep should be documented Correct Ans - A. Povidone-iodine should not be allowed to dry Objectives of the surgical prep include all EXCEPT: A. Removal of dirt, skin oil, and microbes from the skin
B. Adjusting a patient's bed linens C. Eating D. Marking the surgical site E. All of the above Correct Ans - E. All of the above When should perioperative team members use an alcohol-based rub for hand hygiene? A. After hands have been exposed to blood or other bodily 昀氀uids B. After using the restroom C. When the hands are not visibly soiled D. When caring for patients with spore-forming organisms Correct Ans
- C. When the hands are not visibly soiled What is the minimum length of time perioperative team members should spend performing hand hygiene by washing with soap and water? A. 7 seconds B. 15 seconds C. 20 seconds D. 30 seconds Correct Ans - B. 15 seconds How much of an alcohol-based hand rub should be used when performing hand hygiene? A. A dime-sized amount B. A quarter-sized amount C. 10 drops D. The amount recommended by the manufacturer Correct Ans - D. The amount recommended by the manufacturer Perioperative team members should maintain 昀椀ngernails at a maximum of what length? A. 2 mm (0.08 inch) B. 6 mm (0.24 inch) C. 10 mm (0.4 inch) D. 12 mm (0.5 inch) Correct Ans - A. 2 mm (0.08 inch) Which of the following measures is helpful for maintaining healthy skin and minimizing the risk of hand dermatitis? A. Completely drying hands before putting on gloves B. Avoiding water hotter than 80° F (27° C) C. Using approved moisturizing products D. Using glove liners E. All of the above Correct Ans - E. All of the above Which of the following types of jewelry is acceptable for perioperative team members to wear in patient care areas? A. One ring per hand
B. Watch C. Loose bracelet D. Fitness monitor E. No jewelry is acceptable Correct Ans - E. No jewelry is acceptable Which of the following is a primary line of defense for protecting the patient from the transmission of pathogens during surgical procedures? A. Sterile gloves B. Sterile gowns C. Surgical hand antisepsis D. Surgical masks Correct Ans - C. Surgical hand antisepsis Which of the following parts of the surgical gown is considered sterile? A. The axillary region B. The back C. The cuf f of the gown sleeve D. The front from the chest to the level of the sterile 昀椀eld E. The shoulders Correct Ans - D. The front from the chest to the level of the sterile 昀椀eld Which method of gloving should be used by team members during the initial gowning and gloving process for surgical procedures? A. Assisted gloving with gown cuffs at 昀椀ngertips B. Assisted gloving with gown cuffs at wrists C. Open gloving D. Open assisted gloving E. Any of the above Correct Ans - A. Assisted gloving with gown cuffs at 昀椀ngertips How often should surgical gloves be changed during an invasive surgical procedure? A. Every 60 to 90 minutes B. Every 90 to 150 minutes C. Surgical gloves only require changing if a known or suspected break in technique occurs or a tear is identi昀椀ed in the glove D. There is no recommended time for changing gloves Correct Ans - wrong Which of the following is the preferred method for assessing hand hygiene in the perioperative setting? A. Direct observation B. Measurement of product usage C. Automated monitoring D. Self-reporting Correct Ans - wrong
The perioperative RN should do which of the following when draping a patient for a laparotomy? A. Stand on the opposite side of the OR bed when handing sterile towels to the surgeon B. Secure sterile towels with pointed, penetrating clips C. Place the opening of the laparotomy sheet directly over the surgical site D. Unfold the drapes toward the bottom and top of the patient before unfolding to the side E. All of the above Correct Ans - C. Place the opening of the laparotomy sheet directly over the surgical site Which of the following is an important consideration when draping patients for procedures on the eye? A. It is important to repel water B. The environment must be free of lint C. Cataract procedures are often performed without sedation D. Adequate air exchange for the patient must be maintained E. All of the above Correct Ans - E. All of the above The perioperative RN should follow which of these procedures when draping equipment? A. Drape equipment that will be positioned over the sterile 昀椀eld B. Drape equipment that will be positioned immediately adjacent to the sterile 昀椀eld C. Drape large pieces of equipment as close to the time of use as possible D. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for use E. All of the above Correct Ans - E. All of the above Which of the following is an acceptable position for the hands and arms of a scrubbed person for maintaining the integrity of the sterile 昀椀eld? A. Straight down at the sides B. Above waist level C. Folded with hands in the axillary area D. Resting against another scrubbed person's back E. All of the above Correct Ans - B. Above waist level When should perioperative team members wear surgical attire and a surgical head covering? A. Any time they enter an operating room for any reason B. Only when they are directly involved with patient care C. Only when they are part of the scrubbed team D. Only when they are transferring sterile items to the sterile 昀椀eld E. Only when they will remain in an operating room for more than 1 minute Correct Ans - A. Any time they enter an operating room for any reason
Which of the following is the most important practice for minimizing the risk for infectious organism transmission? A. Keeping doors to the operating room closed B. Observing isolation precautions C. Performing hand hygiene and surgical hand antisepsis D. Properly preparing the sterile 昀椀eld E. Wearing a gown and gloves Correct Ans - C. Performing hand hygiene and surgical hand antisepsis Which of the following parts of a surgical gown are considered sterile? A. The back B. The neckline C. The shoulders D. The sleeves from the cuf f to 2 inches above the elbow E. All of the above Correct Ans - D. The sleeves from the cuf f to 2 inches above the elbow Which of the following statements about preparation of sterile 昀椀elds is most accurate? A. Sterile 昀椀elds for all procedures planned for the day should be prepared in the morning before patients arrive B. Sterile 昀椀elds should be prepared in a dedicated sterile room and transported to the operating rooms for use C. Perioperative team members should perform surgical hand antisepsis before preparing a surgical sterile 昀椀eld D. Sterile 昀椀elds for multiple patients can be prepared at the same time to improve e昀케ciency Correct Ans - C. Perioperative team members should perform surgical hand antisepsis before preparing a surgical sterile 昀椀eld Which of the following areas of a properly draped sterile 昀椀eld is considered sterile? A. The bottom B. The sides C. The top D. Any area above the tallest scrubbed team member's waistline E. All of the above Correct Ans - C. The top Which of the following isolation technique procedures should be followed to prevent the spread of cancer cells from one area to another during resection of metastatic tumors? A. Changing surgical gloves when soiled B. Covering existing sterile drapes with new sterile drapes after the resection C. Discontinuing use of instruments after they were used for the tumor excision
The use of a pneumatic tourniquet during extremity surgery: A. Is a noncontroversial practice B. Requires effective communication and collaboration between nurses, anesthesia personnel, and the surgeon C. Is safe for all patients as long as tourniquet time does not exceed 30 minutes D. All of the above Correct Ans - B. Requires effective communication and collaboration between nurses, anesthesia personnel, and the surgeon Physiologic effects of exsanguination and pneumatic tourniquet in昀氀ation during surgery typically include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Increase in central venous pressure B. Increased heart rate C. Increased core body temperature D. Decreased core body temperature Correct Ans - D. Decreased core body temperature Which of the following is NOT a common physiologic effect ofpneumatic tourniquet de昀氀ation following a period of in昀氀ation during surgery? A. Hypotension B. Decreased heart rate C. Increased core body temperature D. Decreased core body temperature Correct Ans - C. Increased core body temperature The acid-base effects of pneumatic tourniquet de昀氀ation following a period of in昀氀ation are characterized by: A. Elevated PaCO2 with respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis B. Elevated PaCO2 with respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis C. Decreased PaCO2 with respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis D. Decreased PaCO2 with respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis Correct Ans - B. Elevated PaCO2 with respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis A type of tissue in the extremities that is highly susceptible to ischemia is: A. Skeletal muscle B. Nerves C. Bone D. Skin Correct Ans - A. Skeletal muscle A perioperative nurse is performing a preoperative assessment of a patient scheduled for total knee arthroplasty. Which of the following is NOT a primary contraindication for pneumatic tourniquet use? A. Signi昀椀cant vascular disease, including recent bypass, history of deep venous thrombosis, or impaired peripheral circulation
B. Sickle cell anemia and other forms of hemoglobinopathy C. History of pain or weakness in the bones or muscles of the extremities D. History of ulcerative colitis Correct Ans - D. History of ulcerative colitis Choose the FALSE statement about pneumatic tourniquet safety. A. Wider, contoured cuffs are generally safer than narrow cuffs because they require less pressure to achieve a near bloodless 昀椀eld B. Increased tourniquet time increases the risk of postoperative complications C. Narrow cuffs are generally safer than wide, contoured cuffs because they require less pressure to achieve a near bloodless 昀椀eld D. Increased cuf f pressure increases the risk of postoperative complications Correct Ans - C. Narrow cuffs are generally safer than wide, contoured cuffs because they require less pressure to achieve a near bloodless 昀椀eld Choose the FALSE statement regarding intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier's block). A. After a procedure is over, the perioperative nurse should leave the cuff fully in昀氀ated for at least 60 minutes B. Intermittently de昀氀ating and rein昀氀ating the cuf f for several cycles after the procedure is over may help minimize peak blood concentration of the local anesthetic and reduce the risk of a systemic toxic reaction C. Central nervous system abnormalities are usually the earliest warning signs of a systemic toxic reaction during intravenous regional anesthesia D. Before applying a pneumatic tourniquet, nurses should screen patients for sensitivities to local anesthetics and communicate with the anesthesia professional to con昀椀rm the plan for intravenous regional anesthesia Correct Ans - A. After a procedure is over, the perioperative nurse should leave the cuf f fully in昀氀ated for at least 60 minutes Choose the extremity and nerve most frequently affected by pneumatic tourniquet-induced nerve damage. A. Lower limb, peroneal nerve B. Upper limb, radial nerve C. Upper limb, median nerve D. Upper limb, ulnar nerve Correct Ans - B. Upper limb, radial nerve A perioperative nurse is assessing patients for DVT risk factors prior to lower limb surgeries. Based on the following descriptions, which patient DOES NOT have risk factor(s) for DVT? A. A 35 year old patient on prolonged bed rest B. A 70 year old smoker with no history of signi昀椀cant medical problems C. An obese 45 year old who is otherwise healthy
A 昀椀re risk assessment should be performed: A. Only before procedures involving electrocautery, an electrosurgical unit, or a laser B. Only if requested by the surgeon or 昀椀rst assistant C. Before all operative procedures D. Only before surgical procedures above the xiphoid process and in the nasopharynx E. Only if the patient requires more than 30% supplemental oxygen Correct Ans - C. Before all operative procedures he 昀氀ash point of 昀氀ammable materials is , while the 昀氀ash point of combustible materials is : A. Less than 100° F, greater than 100° F B. Greater than 100° F, less than 100° F C. Equal to 100° F, greater than 100° F D. Less than 120° F, greater than 120° F E. Greater than 120° F, less than 120° F Correct Ans - A. Less than 100° F, greater than 100° F Oxidizing sources in the operating room include: A. Oxygen B. Nitrous oxide C. Carbon dioxide D. A and B E. A, B, and C Correct Ans - D. A and B Fuel sources in the operating room include: A. Gauze sponges B. Floor glue C. Ceiling tile D. Scrubs E. Surgical instruments Correct Ans - A. Gauze sponges Perioperative registered nurses and scrub personnel have primary control over which component of the 昀椀re triangle during an operating or other invasive procedure? A. Oxidizing sources B. Fuel sources C. Ignition sources D. A and B E. A and C Correct Ans - B. Fuel sources Choose the FALSE statement about 昀椀re risks in the operating room. A. Patients with their heads draped are at increased risk of 昀椀re because supplemental oxygen can accumulate under drapes
B. Substances that would not ignite in room or medical air can do so in an oxygen-enriched environment, which may occur in the operating room C. Evaporated gases from 昀氀ammable prep solutions can ignite, especially if they are allowed to accumulate under drapes D. Bowel surgeries are associated with the highest risk of surgical 昀椀res E. A piece of equipment that is smoking unexpectedly represents an immediate 昀椀re risk Correct Ans - D. Bowel surgeries are associated with the highest risk of surgical 昀椀res Fire blankets should NOT be used in the operating room because they: A. Are made of wool, which can catch 昀椀re in an oxygen-enriched environment B. Can cause wound contamination or move instruments at the surgical site C. Can trap 昀椀re next to or under a patient D. All of the above E. B and C Correct Ans - D. All of the above Which of the following 昀椀re safety practices should be implemented when a laser is used during surgery? A. Keep wet towels and saline on the sterile 昀椀eld B. Place moist sterile towels, sponges, and drapes around the surgical site C. Use standard endotracheal tubes for upper airway procedures involving laser D. allow fumes from 昀氀ammable solutions to dissipate before activating the laser E. A and B only F. A, B, and C only G. A, B, and D only H. A and D only I. C and D only Correct Ans - wrong Which type of 昀椀re extinguisher is most appropriate to extinguish a 昀椀re on or in a patient? A. Carbon dioxide extinguisher B. Ammonium phosphate or other dry powder extinguisher C. Water mist extinguisher D. Foam extinguisher E. A or C Correct Ans - wrong Patients and personnel must be evacuated because of an operating room 昀椀re. The proper order of steps to take is: A. Alarm, con昀椀ne/contain, rescue, evacuate B. Rescue, alarm, con昀椀ne/contain, evacuate C. Rescue, evacuate, alarm, con昀椀ne/contain D. Con昀椀ne/contain, alarm, rescue, evacuate
All of the following are appropriate practices to manage oxidation sources in the operating room EXCEPT: A. administer the lowest concentration of oxygen needed to maintain adequate oxygen saturation B. use a laryngeal mask or endotracheal tube if the patient needs more than 30% supplemental oxygen C. ensure that there are no leaks in the anesthesia circuit D. turn the warmer blower of f when using a warming blanket with an attached head drape E. prevent oxygen from accumulating under drapes Correct Ans - wrong Which of the following is a potential oxidizer for 昀椀res in the operating room? A. Electrosurgical units B. Gauze C. Nasal cannulae D. Nitrous oxide E. Solutions containing alcohol Correct Ans - wrong All of the following are safety precautions common to all energy-generating devices EXCEPT: A. Alcohol-soaked pads should not be allowed on the surgical 昀椀eld when energy-generating devices are used B. Foot pedals should be enclosed in a 昀氀uid resistant cover whenever there is potential for a 昀氀uid spill C. Oxygen delivery to the patient should be stopped or reduced to the lowest possible level when energy-generating devices are used around the head, face, or neck D. The RN circulator should activate the foot pedal at the direction of the surgeon using the hand piece E. The lowest power settings that will accomplish the desired task should be used Correct Ans - D. The RN circulator should activate the foot pedal at the direction of the surgeon using the hand piece When is it acceptable to disable the alarms on energy-generating devices? A. Alarms should never be disabled B. During the time out before the procedure C. When the device is on standby D. When they are creating a distraction for the practitioner performing the procedure E. When they are making the patient anxious Correct Ans - A. Alarms should never be disabled Which of the following is an accurate statement about dispersive pads used with monopolar electrosurgical units? A. Disposable pads can be removed and repositioned several times
B. The pad should be cut to conform to the curves of the patient's body C. The pad should be placed as far from the surgical site as practical to minimize interference with the procedure D. The pad should be placed distal to a tourniquet whenever possible E. There should be no metal objects between the pad and the surgical site Correct Ans - E. There should be no metal objects between the pad and the surgical site Which of the following tissue types is the best conductor of electricity? A. Bone B. Fat C. Hair D. Muscle E. Scar tissue Correct Ans - D. Muscle Which of the following statements is most accurate about the interaction of energy-generating devices and implanted electronic devices such as pacemakers? A. A magnet should always be placed on an implanted device during the procedure B. Different models of the same type of device from the same manufacturer respond the same way when exposed to energy-generating devices C. Most modern implanted electronic devices are constructed with shielding to protect them from energy discharges and do not require any special precautions D. Standard protocols should be established for management of implanted electronic devices E. The team managing the implanted device should be consulted to develop a plan of care Correct Ans - E. The team managing the implanted device should be consulted to develop a plan of care Which of the following systems should be used to minimize the risk for injury during minimally invasive surgery? A. Active electrode shielding systems B. Conductive trocar systems C. Hybrid trocar systems D. All of the above E. A and B only Correct Ans - E. A and B only Which of the following is true about eye protection in areas where lasers are in use? A. All lasers require the same type of eye protection B. Eye protection is required for everyone in the hazard zone C. Looking away while the laser is in use is su昀케cient protection in most cases
Federal law requires that all sharps be placed in biohazard containers prior to disposal. A. True B. False Correct Ans - A. True Which of the following basic components of personal protective equipment should be worn by the perioperative nurse when likely contacting potentially infectious material? A. Gloves B. Gown, mask, and eye shields C. N- 95 respirator D. All of the above Correct Ans - wrong Which federal agency regulates the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard? A. AORN B. CDC C. HHS D. OSHA Correct Ans - D. OSHA Which of the following are typical microorganisms found in the perioperative setting? A. ESBL-producing organisms B. Serratia C. Staphylococcus D. All of the above Correct Ans - D. All of the above Clostridium di昀케cile is primarily transmitted via which of the following routes? A. Respiratory/inhalation B. IV Injection C. Fecal-oral D. None of the above Correct Ans - C. Fecal-oral Which of the following pathogens requires special attention for disinfection of tsurfaces contaminated with brain, eye, or spinal cord tissue? A. CJD B. Clostridium di昀케cile C. MRSA D. VRE Correct Ans - A. CJD Which of the following microorganisms are found routinely in water pipes in ceilings or during wall demolitions? A. MRSA B. VRE C. Aspergillus D. All of the above Correct Ans - D. All of the above
Floors should be mopped or wet-vacuumed with an EPA registered disinfectant after all scheduled cases are completed. A. True B. False Correct Ans - A. True Liquid waste can be disposed in which of the following manners? A. Adding a solidifying powder to the liquid B. Using a medical liquid waste disposal C. Pouring the liquid down a sanitary sewer D. All of the above Correct Ans - D. All of the above Disinfectants used in health care facilities do not require EPA registration. A. True B. False Correct Ans - B. False Damp-dusting should be performed using EPA registered disinfectant. A. True B. False Correct Ans - A. True Which of the following would be considered noncritical items? A. Blood pressure cuffs B. Foley catheters C. Needles D. All of the above Correct Ans - A. Blood pressure cuffs Ice machines are known vectors of infection transmission when not properly maintained and cleaned. A. True B. False Correct Ans - A. True A hierarchy of controls should be used to prevent sharps and injuries in health care settings. The CORRECT order of implementation, ranked from potentially most effective to least effective, is: A. Hazard elimination, engineering controls, work practice controls, administrative controls, PPE B. Hazard elimination, work practice controls, engineering controls, PPE, administrative controls C. Engineering controls, hazard elimination, administrative controls, work practice controls, PPE D. Hazard elimination, engineering controls, PPE, work practice controls, administrative controls E. PPE, work practice controls, administrative controls, engineering controls, hazard elimination Correct Ans - A. Hazard elimination, engineering controls, work practice controls, administrative controls, PPE D. None of the Above Correct Ans - C. Aspergillus
