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This document shows the analysis about the First Cry in Balintawak based on the book Revolt of the Masses: Th story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan authored by Teodoro Agoncillo
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Source : Revolt of the Masses : The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan EXTERNAL CRITICISM When was the source created? Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan was created or published in 1956 Where was the source created? The book was written in Quezon City published by the University of the Philippine Press Who created the source? The source (secondary source) was created by Teodoro Agoncillo, a Filipino historian known for his nationalist perspective on Philippine history. What materials were used to create the source? Agoncillo used archival documents, personal accounts, Spanish military records, newspaper articles, and interviews to construct his narrative. He also examined memoirs and testimonies of individuals involved in the revolution, including Pío Valenzuela’s account. Is the source in its original form, or has it been altered? The book remains in its original published form, but interpretations and perspectives on the events it describes have evolved due to ongoing historical debates.
Does it have any eyewitness? There were no eyewitnesses to the composition of Revolt of the Masses, as Teodoro Agoncillo was not present during the Cry of Balintawak in 1896. Instead, he relied on existing historical sources, including archival documents, memoirs, newspaper articles, Spanish military records, and testimonies from individuals involved in the revolution. Among his main sources was Dr. Pío Valenzuela, a Katipunero who provided his version of events decades later. However, the reliability of these accounts is debated, as memory distortions and personal biases may have influenced them. Why was it written? The source was written to document the first act of open rebellion against Spanish rule and to establish a historical record of the Katipunan’s struggle. Agoncillo wrote this book to emphasize the importance of the common people in the revolution, focusing on the working-class revolutionaries rather than the elite leaders. What is the literal meaning? The Cry of Balintawak refers to the event when Filipino revolutionaries tore their cedulas (residence tax certificates) as a sign of defiance against Spanish rule, marking the beginning of the Philippine Revolution in August
Does the information include any inconsistencies? What are they? Yes, there are inconsistencies regarding the exact location and date of the Cry: Gregoria de Jesús (Bonifacio’s wife) stated it occurred in Kangkong, Balintawak on August 25, 1896. Lt. Olegario Díaz, a Spanish military officer, recorded that it took place in Balintawak on August 25, 1896.