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Anatomy and Physiology Openstax Test Bank
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 An Introduction to the Human Body
Chapter 2 The Chemical Level of Organization
Chapter 3 The Cellular Level of Organization
Chapter 4 The Tissue Level of Organization
Chapter 5 The Integumentary System
Chapter 6 Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
Chapter 7 Axial Skeleton
Chapter 8 The Appendicular Skeleton
Chapter 9 Joints
Chapter 10 Muscle Tissue
Chapter 11 The Muscular System
Chapter 12 The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
Chapter 13 Anatomy of the Nervous System
Chapter 14 The Somatic Nervous System
Chapter 15 The Autonomic Nervous System
Chapter 16 The Neurological Exam
Chapter 17 The Endocrine System
Chapter 18 The Cardiovascular System: Blood
Chapter 19 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
Chapter 20 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
Chapter 21 The Lymphatic and Immune System
Chapter 22 The Respiratory System
Chapter 23 The Digestive System
Chapter 24 Metabolism and Nutrition
Chapter 25 The Urinary System
Chapter 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 27 The Reproductive System
Chapter 28 Development and Inheritance
Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Human Body
Openstax: Anatomy and Physiology Test Bank
1 ---------- is the study of the larger structures of the body, those visible without the aid of magnification (A) Gross anatomy (B) Microscopic anatomy (C) Macroscopic anatomy (D) Physical anatomy Ans A Diff Easy Page 8
- The word “anatomy” comes from a Greek root that means “ ............. ’’ (A) To cut apart (B) To fix with (C) To view inside (D) To study exterior Ans A Diff Easy Page 8
- Dissection is still used in …………. (A) Medical schools (B) Pathology labs (C) Anatomy courses (D) All of above Ans D Diff Easy Page 8
- Microscopic anatomy includes …………. (A) Histology (B) Cytology (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Easy Page 8 5 ................ is the study of the structures that make up a discrete body system—that is, a group of structures that work together to perform a unique body function. (A) Regional anatomy (B) Systematic anatomy
Ans C Diff Easy Page 14
- The different organ systems each have different functions and therefore ----------- roles to perform in physiology. (A) Unique (B) Different (C) Both Above (D) None of Above Ans C Diff Easy Page
- A human body consists of trillions of cells organized in a way that maintains distinct ………... (A) Internal compartments (B) External compartments (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 14
- The organism level is the ............level of organization (A) Lowest (B) Highest (C) Medium (D) Extreme Ans A Diff Medium Page 14
- Which of the following mechanism is involved in releasing energy? (A) Catabolism (B) Anabolism (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 14
- Every cell in your body makes use of a chemical compound, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to ………. . (A) Store energy (B) Release energy
(C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 15 15 .............. is the ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environments (A) Responsiveness (B) Movement (C) Locomotion (D) All of above Ans A Diff Hard Page 15
- Anatomic structures and physiological processes allow runners to coordinate the action of muscle groups and sweat in response to rising internal ………... (A) Body temperature (B) Blood pressure (C) Hormone level (D) All of above Ans A Diff Hard Page 16 17 .............. is all of the changes the body goes through in life. (A) Development (B) Growth (C) Reproduction (D) All of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 16
- Development includes the process of ……….. (A) Differentiation (B) Growth (C) Repair (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 16
- Humans have been adapting to life on Earth for at least the past …………..
(B) Lower (C) Equal (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 19
- Decompression sickness (DCS) is a condition in which gases dissolved in the blood or in other bodytissues are no longer dissolved following a reduction in pressure on the body. This condition affects ………. (A) Underwater divers (B) Pilots (C) Mountaineers (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 20
- The most common symptom of DCS is …………... (A) Pain in the joints (B) Headache (C) Vision disturbances (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 20
- The brain triggers the thyroid gland in the endocrine system to release thyroid hormone, which ……… metabolic activity and heat production in cells throughout the body. (A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) Remains constant (D) None of above Ans A Diff Hard Page 21
- Childbirth and the body’s response to blood loss are two examples of .................... Loops that are normal but are activated only when needed. (A) Positive feedback (B) Negative feedback (C) Both of above
(D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 22 28 ............ position describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body (A) Proximal (B) Distal (C) Medial (D) Lateral Ans A Diff Hard Page 25
- A plane is .................surface that passes through the body. (A) Two dimensional (B) Three dimensional (C) Imaginary two dimensional (D) Imaginary three dimensional Ans C Diff Hard Page 25
- The ............ is the largest cavity in the body (A) Abdominopelvic cavity (B) Thoracic cavity (C) Cranial cavity (D) Spinal cavity Ans A Diff Hard Page 27
2. The Chemical Level of Organization
- Human chemistry includes ……... (A) Organic molecules (B) Elements (C) Biochemical (D) All of above
(C) Neutrons (D) All of above Ans C Diff Easy Page 46
- Excessive exposure to radioactive isotopes can cause …………... (A) Damage of human cells (B) Birth defects (C) Cancer (D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard Page 46
- If you take a look at the periodic table of the elements, you will notice that hydrogen and helium are placed alone on either sides of the top row; they are the only elements that have ………... (A) One electron shells (B) Two electron shells (C) Three electron shells (D) Four electron shells Ans A Diff Medium Page 47
- The most common example of ..............in the natural world occurs between molecules of water (A) Ionic bonding (B) Covalent bonding (C) Hydrogen bonding (D) All of above Ans C Diff Hard Page 53 10 ................ is the energy of position, or the energy matter possesses because of the positioning or structure of its components. (A) Kinetic energy (B) Chemical energy (C) Potential energy (D) None of above Ans C Diff Easy Page 54
- The full spectrum of ............. is referred to as the electromagnetic spectrum. (A) Radiant energy (B) Electrical energy (C) Mechanical energy (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 55
- An exchange reaction is a chemical reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur, chemical bonds are both formed and broken, and chemical energy is ………... (A) Absorbed (B) Stored (C) Released (D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard Page 56
- The most important catalysts in the human body are ………... (A) Enzymes (B) Proteins (C) Lipids (D) Carbohydrates Ans A Diff Easy Page 57
- An inorganic compound is a substance that does not contain …………. (A) Carbon (B) Hydrogen (C) Both of above (D) None of the above Ans C Diff Medium Page 58
- In the bloodstream of humans, glucose concentration is usually measured in milligram (mg) per deciliter (dL), and in a healthy adult averages about ……… (A) 10 mg/dL (B) 100 mg/d
19 ..............are compounds in which the hydrophobic triglycerides are packaged in protein envelopes for transport in body fluids. (A) Glycolipids (B) Fatty acids (C) Lipoproteins (D) All of above Ans C Diff Hard Page 70
- One reason that the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish are beneficial is that they stimulate the production of certain ........... that help regulate aspects of blood pressure and inflammation, and thereby reduce the risk for heart disease
(A) Prostaglandins (B) Sterols (C) Phospholipids (D) All of above Ans A Diff Hard Page 71
- Proteins include the keratin in the epidermis of skin that protects ……………. (A) Collagen (B) Underlying tissues (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 72
- If a particular essential amino acid is not available in sufficient quantities in the amino acid pool, however, synthesis of proteins containing it can …………. (A) Slow (B) Cease (C) Increase (D) A and B Ans D Diff hard Page 73
- In protein shapes, the most common secondary structure is a spiral called ………. (A) An alpha-helix
(B) Beta-pelated sheet (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Hard Page 74
- A nucleotide is one of a class of organic compounds composed of …………. (A) One or more phosphate groups (B) A pentose sugar (C) A nitrogen containing base (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 76
- A............. is a nitrogen-containing molecule with a double ring structure, which accommodates several nitrogen atoms. (A) Purine (B) Pyrimidine (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans A Diff Easy Page 76
- Humans have almost ...........genes in their DNA, locked up in the 46 chromosomes inside the nucleus of each cell (except red blood cells which lose their nuclei during development). (A) 10000 (B) 12000 (C) 20000 (D) 22000 Ans D Diff Medium Page 77
- The nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is composed of ………... (A) Ribose sugar (B) An adenine base (C) Three phosphate groups (D) All of above
- An amphipathic molecule is one that contains ………... (A) Hydrophilic region (B) Hydrophobic region (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Easy Page 88
- The phospholipid bilayer consists of two adjacent sheets of phospholipids, arranged ………. (A) Tail to tail (B) Head to tail (C) Head to head (D) Head to tail Ans A Diff Easy Page 89 4 is the movement of substances across the membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy. (A) Passive transport (B) Active transport (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans A Diff Easy Page 91 5 is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (A) Active transport (B) Passive transport (C) Diffusion (D) Concentration gradient Ans C Diff Medium Page 91
- Facilitated diffusion of substances crossing the cell (plasma) membrane takes place with the help of …………….. (A) Channel proteins (B) Carrier proteins
(C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 92 7 ................ brings fluid containing dissolved substances into a cell through membrane vesicles. (A) Endocytosis (B) Phagocytosis (C) Pinocytosis (D) All of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 95
- Cells of the stomach and pancreas produce and secrete digestive enzymes through ………... (A) Endocytosis (B) Exocytosis (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans B Diff Medium Page 95
- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease well known for its damage to the ……... (A) Lungs (B) Liver (C) Pancreas (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 95
- Which of the following is organelle of the endomembrane system? (A) Endoplasmic reticulum (B) Golgi apparatus (C) Vesicles (D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard Page 98
- One of the main functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is in the synthesis of ………... (A) Lipids
Ans B Diff Hard Page 103
- The cytoskeleton consists of ………….. (A) Microtubules (B) Microfilaments (C) Intermediate filaments (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 104
- The .......... is a region of the nucleus that is responsible for manufacturing the RNA necessary for construction of ribosomes.
(A) Nucleolus (B) Nuclear envelop (C) Nuclei (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 105
- In the step of ........... Of DNA replication, each strand becomes a template along which a new complementary strand is built. (A) Initiation (B) Elongation (C) Termination (D) All of above Ans B Diff Hard Page 109
- One of the most important classes of proteins is ............. , which help speed up necessary biochemical reactions that take place inside the cell (A) Enzymes (B) Lipoproteins (C) Lysozyme (D) Oligosaccharides Ans A Diff Medium Page 110
- Gene expression begins with the process called …………. (A) Transcription
(B) Initiation (C) Elongation (D) Termination Ans A Diff Hard Page 111 21 is a type of RNA that, together with proteins, composes the structure of the ribosome (A) rRNA (B) mRNA (C) tRNA (D) all of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 113 22 is the period of the cell cycle during which the cell is not dividing (A) Interphase (B) Mitosis (C) Cytokinesis (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 116
- A........... is a point in the cell cycle at which the cycle can be signaled to move forward or stopped (A) Checkpoint (B) Cyclin (C) Cyclindependent kinase (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 119
- The process of cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final ………….. (A) Morphology (B) Physiology (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Easy Page 121
